Tencel Fabric Research Articles

Quality Ecoprint Results of Teak Flowers and Leaves (Tectona Grandis) on Blacu and Tencel Fabrics with Tingi Natural Dyes

Quality Ecoprint Results of Teak Flowers and Leaves (Tectona Grandis) on Blacu and Tencel Fabrics with Tingi Natural Dyes

Study on tencel fabric dyeing with acacia nilotica bark natural dyes

This research aimed to evaluate the performance of dyes extracted from Acacia Nilotica bark on Tencel fabric dyeing. The extraction of dye was optimized by extracting dyes with different liquor ratios. The dyeing parameters were optimized under pH values from 5 to 14. The effect of different mordants was also observed to see the shades this dye can produce on Tencel fabric. The optimum dye extraction conditions for material-to-liquor ratio were found to be 1:10. The optimum pH was found to be 12. The color yield and fastness characteristics of the dyed materials were measured to assess them. It was determined that the addition of mordants affected the color values; as a result, distinct fashion hues were produced from the same dye extract by employing various mordants. This basic study of dyeing and extracting natural dye showed that this dye has the potential to be used for cellulosic fibers.

A novel covalent grafting method between cellulose and ferulic acid through HRP enzyme/acetylacetone/L-Ascorbic acid ternary dual initiator system

In the application of natural dyes, using environmentally and human body harmful metal dyes was still the mainstream dyeing method in the process of cellulose fiber dyeing with natural dyes. This study proposed a new method that can catalyzed the covalent grafting of cellulose materials with Ferulic acid (FA), the ternary system consisting of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), acetylacetone (ACAC) and L-Ascorbic acid (AA). The grafting process of cellulose materials with FA was systematically studied, and the optimal grafting polymerization conditions was determined using orthogonal experimental analysis. In the experiment, it was found that the morphology and structure of cellulose materials significantly affect their grafting polymerization performance with FA, and the change rule of their grafting rate was cotton fabric (3.84%) < cotton yarn (4.54%) < tencel fabric (4.70%) < tencel yarn (53.06%) < cotton cellulose (5.59%) < corn starch (6.70%). The grafted fabrics have excellent color fastness, antibacterial and UV resistance performance. Finally, the structural characteristics of cellulose and its analogues grafted with FA were characterized through FT-IR, 1H NMR, and the possible free radical covalent polymerization mechanism between cellulose materials and FA was analyzed.

Dyeing Tencel Fabric with Azadirachta Indica Leaves and Mordanting with Potassium Aluminium Sulphate and Citrus Limon Extract for Enhanced Fastness Properties

Amidst mounting concerns regarding the health and environmental repercussions associated with synthetic agents, there has been a burgeoning interest in the exploration of natural dyes as a safer alternative. Derived from minerals, plants, and animals, these natural dyes have gained substantial traction due to their perceived eco-friendliness and reduced health risks compared to their synthetic counterparts. Notably, our study revealed significant enhancements in fastness properties across all mordanted samples, while those left un-mordanted exhibited notably inferior fastness properties. Among the mordants under investigation, potassium aluminium sulphate demonstrated appreciable stability characteristics, yet Citrus limon extract emerged as an even more effective mordant than potassium aluminium sulphate. The study also delved into evaluating the colour strength properties of the test samples, providing a comprehensive analysis of the Tencel fabric's overall dye performance and adherence to industry standards. In this research, a natural dye was extracted from the leaves of Azadirachta indica which was applied to Tencel fabric, which was then meta-mordanted with potassium aluminium sulfate and Citrus limon extract. The study explored various dyeing parameters, including diverse dye concentrations (7 g), dyeing temperatures (35, 50, and 65 °C) with a precision of ±1 °C, and dyeing durations (40, 55, and 75 minutes). The resulting samples were then subjected to testing against fastness properties, including washing fastness (ISO 106 C06), rubbing fastness (AATCC 8), perspiration fastness (ISO 105 E04) and Colour strength (K/S) of the Tencel fabric. The assessment of fastness properties was carried out using a grey scale.

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Tencel Fabric by Using Natural Dye Extracted from Eucalyptus Leaves

The usage of natural dyes as environmentally suitable dyeing methods has extended during the recent years. The prime focus of this research is on the extraction and purification of natural dyes from eucalyptus leaves. With its numerous applications, eucalyptus leaves are highly valued for their diverse application, particularly as a rich source of natural colours. Quercetin is the primary colouring component in eucalyptus leaves. It has been utilized as a food dye with strong antioxidant properties and as an antioxidant. The goal of this research is to dye Tencel fabric using eucalyptus leaf-derived natural dye. The dye was extracted by using an ultrasonic extraction technique. Different ratios of the two mordants copper sulfate and ferrous sulphate were applied. Dyeing was carried out with different temperatures and concentrations and the pre-mordanting method was used for mordanting. The dyed Tencel fabric displayed a good colour strength of (K/S = 4.72), CIELAB values, and good to excellent light fastness (5), wash (4-5), perspiration (4-5), and rubbing (dry and wet = 4-5) fastness properties.

Effect of Cellulosic Material and Weave Design on Comfort Performance of Woven Fabrics

ABSTRACT Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed.

Self-reduction assisted MXene/silver composite Tencel cellulose-based fabric with electrothermal conversion and NIR photothermal actuation

Smart e-textiles, which are capable of wireless transmission, signal conversion and energy transduction, have the capability to provide added values and be more versatile. However, there are still many challenges in fabricating a flexible and durable smart fabric with high-level multifunctional integration. Herein, a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, Ti3C2Tx MXene, and zero-dimensional (0D) material, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were coupled to fabricate a smart Tencel fabric with electrical and light versatility. Through self-reduction reaction, silver nitrate can be reduced to AgNPs because the existence of reductant, MXene, and the 0D AgNPs with an average diameter of about 500 nm were uniformly distributed on the 2D MXene nanosheets, enabling flexible conductive points and paths for the MS fabric. Benefiting from excellent hydrophilicity and rich terminals of MXene, the interface bonding force was enough to get a uniform fabric. Because of the enhanced electrical conductivity of MXene/AgNPs, the MXene/silver nanoparticles (MS) Tencel fabric exhibited excellent electrothermal property (The cyclic temperature is 57.1 °C at 30 s heating time under 6.0 V voltage) as well as thermal sensing performance, and can serve as an element of array heating devices. In addition, the MS fabric also has photothermal (maximal bending angle was 149° at 31 s) capability due to the conversion of near-infrared (NIR) light by MXene and the asymmetric thermal expansion of two encapsulated Ecoflex layers, enabling a rapid-responsive photothermal actuator. With thermal and NIR sensitive capabilities, the MS Tencel fabric performed thermal sensation and has the potential in thermal sensitive robots. Graphical abstract

A Study on the Investigation of Sustainability Practices of Global Brands in the Fashion Market

Due to the careless use of natural resources, developments in technology, industrialization and population growth, environmental pollution and resource depletion are experienced in the world. The garment clothing and fashion industry has a significant impact on the rapid depletion of natural resources. The rapid change in fashion, especially in the garment clothing industry, negatively affects sustainability in the use of resources. Besides these; the careless use of large amounts of water and chemicals in production, and the release of waste to nature also harm the sustainability of life. These negative factors have started to increase consumption with environmental awareness, especially among consumers who care about nature. Conscious consumers' interest in nature has led to an increasing emphasis on sustainability in production and consumption by brands in ready-to-wear and other sectors. Especially in the Industry 4.0 process, the concept of sustainability has become one of the most important issues for global brands. The production of garment clothing products with natural fibres and materials is of great importance in terms of sustainability. These materials are compatible with nature and can be recycled. In apparel, due to long supply chains, energy and labour intensive production, ecological, economic and social sustainability studies are of high importance in the production and process management process.&#x0D; In the research, application examples of global brands in the ready-to-wear and fashion sector, based on sustainability studies, were examined. For example; Stella McCartney, one of the luxury fashion brands; uses organic cotton, eco-friendly fibre and recyclable polyester and cashmere for sustainability. While Mara Hoffman uses tencel fabric and organic cotton, Gucci has banned PVC in its products since 2015 and prefers to use a carbon zero footprint in its work. While DeFacto, one of the global ready-to-wear brands, implements many environmental projects related to PET bottles, water use and textile waste, global brands such as Nike, GAP, Levi's, C&amp;A, Inditex group, Nude Jeans also carry out exemplary studies on sustainability. As can be seen from the global brand examples, brands, on sustainability; develop applicable strategies in the fields of development goals, management of production and operation processes, supply policies, waste management.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Siwalan (Borassus Flabellifer) Sebagai Pewarna Alami untuk Produk Intimates (Bra Mastektomi)

Siwalan is spread throughout Indonesia, such as Bali, South Sulawesi, and East Java. Siwalan has many benefits from fruit, leaves, to coir fiber. However, the skin of siwalan is still underutilized. Intimate eco-fashion using natural dyes is still underdeveloped, especially in the manufacture of mastectomy bras, even though this opportunity is still very large considering the high number of breast cancers in Indonesia. The number of breast cancer sufferers in Indonesia has reached 42.1 people per 100 thousand population. The utilization of waste siwalan’s skin as a natural dye for mastectomy bra products is a fulfillment of the need for mastectomy bras by providing color variations and innovations that are more environmentally friendly. This study was structured using mixed methods. The method is more directed to the qualitative method supported by experiments which are part of the quantitative method. The objectives of this research include: (a) Produce natural dyes through experiments from siwalan’s skin extract on tencel fabrics that are most in demand by potential customers; (b) Produce a mastectomy bra based on eco fashion through observation of intimates fashion 2023 design and color preference using palm tree extract by prospective customers. The novelties in this research include: (a) Making textile products with natural coloring derived from the palm bark; (b) Functioning the material that has been dyed into a mastectomy bra product. This resulted in conclusions, namely: (a) The production of textile products with natural dyes derived from the skin of the palm tree; (b) The result will be an innovation in the field of fashion that is more environmentally friendly, a mastectomy bra made from dyed tencel fabric will function very well and have beautiful colors that are environmentally friendly.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Siwalan (Borassus Flabellifer) Sebagai Pewarna Alami untuk Produk Intimates (Bra Mastektomi)

Siwalan is spread throughout Indonesia, such as Bali, South Sulawesi, and East Java. Siwalan has many benefits from fruit, leaves, to coir fiber. However, the skin of siwalan is still underutilized. Intimate eco-fashion using natural dyes is still underdeveloped, especially in the manufacture of mastectomy bras, even though this opportunity is still very large considering the high number of breast cancers in Indonesia. The number of breast cancer sufferers in Indonesia has reached 42.1 people per 100 thousand population. The utilization of waste siwalan’s skin as a natural dye for mastectomy bra products is a fulfillment of the need for mastectomy bras by providing color variations and innovations that are more environmentally friendly. This study was structured using mixed methods. The method is more directed to the qualitative method supported by experiments which are part of the quantitative method. The objectives of this research include: (a) Produce natural dyes through experiments from siwalan’s skin extract on tencel fabrics that are most in demand by potential customers; (b) Produce a mastectomy bra based on eco fashion through observation of intimates fashion 2023 design and color preference using palm tree extract by prospective customers. The novelties in this research include: (a) Making textile products with natural coloring derived from the palm bark; (b) Functioning the material that has been dyed into a mastectomy bra product. This resulted in conclusions, namely: (a) The production of textile products with natural dyes derived from the skin of the palm tree; (b) The result will be an innovation in the field of fashion that is more environmentally friendly, a mastectomy bra made from dyed tencel fabric will function very well and have beautiful colors that are environmentally friendly.

Istraživanje performansi tkanine Tencel-pamučnog mešovinog teksasa u pogledu procentalne promene Tencela

In terms of sustainability &amp; wearing comfort, denim manufacturers are entering a new era of product variety. Tencel's regenerative nature and unique mechanical qualities usher in a new era for the denim industry. In this work, denim fabrics were manufactured using Tencel Cotton blended yarn using very fi ne yarn (20 Tex or 30 Ne), and fabric performance was examined following factors like tensile strength and other relevant metrics. For better evaluation, All the structures were 2/1 RHT (right-hand twill) that contained 115 EPI &amp; 70 PPI and also indigo blue dyed. According to the result of the investigation, 100% Tencel Fabric (both the warp and the weft yarn were 100% Tencel) demonstrated the highest quality of fabric performance in terms of tensile strength, tearing strength, stiff ness, air permeability, and water vapor permeability than any other cotton or cotton Tencel blended fabric. However, a downward trend of abrasion resistance was observed in Tencel or cotton Tencel blended fabric concerning the percentage change of Tencel. Additionally, the performance of the fabric was significantly improved by the percentage addition of Tencel fiber in the warp and weft directions. In addition, a denim fabric made entirely of cotton performed the least well when compared to fabrics made entirely of Tencel or a blend of Tencel and cotton.

Process Optimization of Antimicrobial Treatment on Tencel Knit Fabrics Using Chitosan Biopolymer

Abstract The antimicrobial property of plain-knit and rib-knit Tencel fabrics has been analyzed using Taguchi L9 experimental design. The antimicrobial treatment was carried out using surface-modified Chitosan treatment through pad-dry technique. The process parameters, such as yarn count, loop length of knitted fabric, and Chitosan concentration, were independent variables. The antimicrobial characterization was done as per SN 195920. It was found that yarn count and loop length significantly impact the zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The Chitosan concentration has not influenced the antimicrobial activity of the fabric. The regression models were developed and optimized process parameters were verified through the regression model. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis have also been done to execute the confirmation of coating effectiveness. In addition, contour graph analysis has been done to understand the influencing pattern of process parameters on response.

Anti-wrinkle finishing of Tencel fabric with glyoxal using response surface methodology

In this study, formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing agent glyoxal was applied on Tencel fabrics. Box Behnken experimental design in conjunction with response surface analysis and regression methods were used to study the effects of process parameters on their wrinkle resistant angle (WRA) as well as tensile strength. It was found that WRA increased with the increase of glyoxal and catalyst MgCl2 concentration and curing temperature, along with the increase of breaking strength loss. Variance analysis showed glyoxal concentration and curing temperature played significant role on the recovery angle and tensile strength of the treated fabrics. The established regression model was reliable and can predict the response value accurately. The Tencel fabric obtained good WRA and tensile strength retention when treated with optimum finishing recipe: glyoxal 49.35 g/L, MgCl2 18.64g/L and curing temperature 136.38 °C. FTIR confirmed the crosslinking reaction between Tencel fibre and glyoxal. SEM observation revealed the treatment produced no damage to the Tencel fibre. The treated Tencel fabrics kept high whiteness retention and glyoxal finishing resulted in no yellowing of Tencel fabrics.

Evaluation of Moisture Management Properties of Plated Interlock, Mini Flat Back Rib and Flat Back Rib Structures

Moisture management is a very fundamental criterion for any type of fabric. Hence, in this study three different knits viz plated interlock, mini flat back rib and flat back rib fabric structures with 100% eri silk (top), 100% bamboo (bottom) and 100% tencel (bottom) with the combination of two different yarn counts were used. The yield was tested for moisture management properties. It was identified that the bi-layer eri silk (14.3 tex) combined with bamboo (14.8 tex) and tencel (14.8 tex) plated interlock, mini flat back rib and flat back rib knit structure fabrics were excellent. Due to the high level of comfort and breathable nature, eri silk with bamboo and tencel fabrics are recommended for performance based garments.

Thermo-physiological Comfort of Woven Fabrics Made from Different Cellulosic Yarns

ABSTRACT Cellulose is the most abundant substance existing in the form of plants on the earth. These fibers are obtained either directly or indirectly from the seed, leaves, stem, or wood of plants. Cellulosic fibers are preferred for apparels owing to their abundance, ease of processing, biodegradation, and compatible with the human body in terms of better moisture management, thermal regulation, and tactile comfort. In this study, woven fabric made of four different cellulosic yarns, i.e. cotton, bamboo, tencel, and viscose were produced, and their thermo-physiological comfort properties were compared. The linear density of yarns, and thread density and weave structure (3/1 twill) of all the fabrics were kept constant on the weaving machine. Air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management tests were carried out to analyze their thermo-physiological comfort properties. The results showed that cotton fabric showed higher air permeability and thermal resistance as compared to other cellulosic fabrics. Whereas the moisture management properties of tencel fabric were superior to the rest of cellulosic fabrics. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic materials on air permeability and moisture management properties of the woven fabrics was found statistically significant.

Paving the Way to Eco-Friendly IoT Antennas: Tencel-Based Ultra-Thin Compact Monopole and Its Applications to ZigBee.

An ultrathin, compact ecofriendly antenna suitable for IoT applications around 2.45 GHz is achieved as a result of exploring the use of Tencel fabric for the antenna’s design. The botanical ecofriendly Tencel is electromagnetically characterized, in terms of relative dielectric permittivity and loss tangent, in the target IoT frequency band. To explore the suitability of the Tencel, a comparison is conducted with conventionally used RO3003, with similar relative dielectric permittivity, regarding the antenna dimensions and performance. In addition, the antenna robustness under bent conditions is also analyzed by measurement. To assess the relevance of this contribution, the ultrathin ecofriendly Tencel-based antenna is compared with recently published antennas for IoT in the same band and also, with commercial half-wave dipole by performing a range test on a ZigBee-based IoT testbed.

Comparing double jersey knitted fabrics made of Tencel and modal yarns, spun by different spinning methods

A double-bed circular knitting machine with a gauge of E17 and a needle bar diameter of 200 mm (8 in) was used to make three groups of plain weft knitted Tencel fabrics and three groups of modal knitted fabrics. The yarns were spun using three spinning methods: ring, rotor, and air-jet system. Their count was 20 tex. All the knitted fabric samples were manufactured under the same conditions. One-half of each knitted fabric sample remained unfinished, while the other half was finished. Structure parameters of all finished and unfinished knitted fabrics were analyzed, and the most significant parameters were compared. Tensile properties of the knitted fabrics in wale and course directions were measured. The difference in the elasticity of the knitted fabric was analyzed in particular, and the portions of knitted fabric stretch are given. The basic conclusion is that using equal yarn fineness, but different raw material composition and structure, the produced knitted fabrics had substantially different fabric masses per unit area. The raw material composition and construction of the yarn, that is, the yarn manufacturing process and the spinning process produce yarns of different structures and properties that are manifested in the structure and properties of the knitted fabric. Thus, the finishing process must be specific for each raw material composition and yarn structure.

NOVEL NATURAL DYE EXTRACTION METHODS AND MORDANTS FOR TEXTILE APPLICATIONS

The present study deals with the extraction of eco-friendly natural dye from pomegranate peel through the pre-mordanting method and its application on Tencel fabric. The investigation was made for the evaluation of the best extraction processes (solvent, ultrasonic and aqueous) with the use of three mordants (stannous chloride, ferrous sulfate and alum) and to compare the effect of different color shades and fastness properties. The experimental result indicated that solvent extraction method delivered better effects on Tencel fabric as compared to ultrasonic and aqueous (solvent[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ultrasonic[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]aqueous). It was due to the extraction of excessive and pure pomegranate peel dye in 100 min time. Furthermore, the fabric samples dyed using mordants have a good effect in color shade. However, amongst all, mordant stannous chloride has an efficient color shade in all extraction methods (stannous chloride[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ferrous sulfate[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]alum[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]no mordant). Dyed Tencel fabric has excellent washing (4–5), light (5–6), rubbing (4–5) and perspiration (4–5) fastness properties with and without mordants in all extraction methods. FTIR results revealed that the structure of Tencel fabric remained unchanged after dyeing through different extraction methods with pomegranate extract. The overall outcome implied that solvent extraction process with mordant stannous chloride delivered the best effects.

Comparison of Mechanical and Thermal Comfort Properties of Tencel Blended with Regenerated Fibers and Cotton Woven Fabrics

Abstract The demand of cotton is increasing but its low production rate cannot fulfill the world requirements. The increase in cotton demand has augmented the production of regenerated cellulosic fibers. Furthermore, cotton has proved to be unsustainable because of the use of huge amount of fresh water, pesticides and insecticides. The purpose of this work is to find out the suitable blend/blends of regenerated fibers so as to replace 100% cotton fabrics. Therefore, mechanical and comfort properties of Tencel fabrics blended with other regenerated cellulose fibers have been compared with 100% cotton to achieve the equivalent or even better end properties. Hence, cotton, viscose, Tencel, modal, and bamboo fibers were taken. Plain woven blended fabrics of 100% cotton and 50:50 blends of Tencel with other regenerated fibers were prepared from normal yarn count of 20 tex. The mechanical properties (warp-wise and weft-wise tensile and tear strengths, pilling, and abrasion resistance) and the comfort properties including air permeability, moisture management properties, and thermal resistance were evaluated. It is found that Tencel blended fabrics show better results than 100% cotton fabrics. Therefore, it is concluded that Tencel blended with these regenerated fabrics can be used to replace 100% cotton fabrics.

The mechanical and comfort properties of cotton and regenerated fibers blended woven fabrics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the 100 percent pure cotton and 50:50 cotton and regenerated fibers (tencel, modal, bamboo, viscose) blends. The blends of regenerated fibers with cotton are studied so as to replace 100 percent cotton fabrics with the cotton blends as cotton cannot fulfill the demand of clothing due to the increasing population.Design/methodology/approachIn order to conduct this study, cotton, as natural cellulose fiber, was used. Regenerated fibers include viscose, tencel, modal and bamboo. Five yarn samples of Ne 30/1 of 100 percent cotton and blends (50:50) of cotton with tencel, modal, bamboo and viscose fibers were produced. The blending was done in the Blow-room, and yarn samples were produced by employing the ring spinning technique. Plain woven fabrics samples with Ends (76) and Picks (68) per inch of 120 gsm were prepared. The fabric samples were tested for mechanical (warp and weft tensile and tear strengths) and comfort properties (air permeability, moisture management and thermal resistance).FindingsCotton:tencel fabric has the excellent mechanical (tensile and tear strength) as well as comfort properties (air permeability, moisture management and thermal resistance). It means that the most suitable blend that cotton can make with the regenerated fibers is the tencel. Therefore, to have more comfortable fabrics, the fabrics which are being made by 100 percent cotton can be replaced with the cotton:tencel.Originality/valueTo the authors’ information, no study has been reported in which all the regenerated fibers blended with cotton were studied. Hence, the aim of this work is to study the mechanical and comfort properties of the regenerated fibers (modal, tencel, viscose and bamboo) blended with cotton. The blends of cotton with regenerated fibers might replace 100 percent cotton in clothing applications as cotton cannot fulfill the increasing demanding of clothing.