Temporary Mobility Research Articles

Determinants of homebound travel during Korean Thanksgiving

With a large population flow and seasonal demand fluctuation, special holidays have been considered as one of the most important periods of time in tourism market. This study explores one of the biggest national holidays, Chuseok, known as Korean Thanksgiving. The purpose of this study is to examine homebound travel decision by applying a temporary mobility approach. The data are drawn from a nationwide survey in South Korea, and a total of 1170 surveys were used for analysis. A sample selection probit model is used to estimate whether travel decisions during Korean Thanksgiving affects the results of the two-stage correction for reducing selectivity bias. The estimation reduces the potential for self-selection bias, as individuals’ decision to travel during Korean Thanksgiving is a nonrandom decision. The estimated results provide manifestations of different travel demands during Korean Thanksgiving.

Group-Wise Itinerary Planning in Temporary Mobile Social Network

Temporary mobile social networks has been used at hotels, concerts, theme parks, and sports arenas, where people form a mobile social group for a short time with a common interest or activity. People confined to such specific places or activities are allowed to join the temporary mobile social networks using their main social network accounts (e.g., Foursquare, Facebook). Users registered for the same business/research conference may have common connections and thus may be willing to travel together in the conference city. Traveling with temporal friends can improve the mobile users' experiences as well as help them save money. Currently, renting cars to travel around becomes very general, and one car usually can contain at least four guests. Therefore, traveling with temporal friends can help those guests save their travel cost, such as renting cost and oil cost. To this end, in this paper, we propose a group-wise itinerary planning framework to improve the mobile users' experiences. The experiment results over real data sets illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.

Using the Program “MatLab” to Solve the Problems of Mechanics: Determining the Calculated Values of Internal Forces in a Statically Indeterminate Continuous Beam from the Actions of Constant Stationary and Temporary Mobile Loads by the Matrix Method

This article discusses the using of the MATLAB program to solve problems of mechanics. Analyzing the calculated values of internal forces in a statically indeterminate continuous beam from the actions of constant quiescent and temporary moving loads by the matrix method. The main algorithms for solving problems using MatLab program and graphical design of tasks are given.

Servant mobilities between Fiji and New Zealand: the transcolonial politics of domestic work and immigration restriction, c.1870–1920

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Europeans travelling beyond Fiji were often accompanied by Melanesian, Indian or Indigenous Fijian servants. Occasionally, families resident in the Australasian settler colonies also hired servants, mostly men, from Fiji. This article traces such patterns of transcolonial domestic labour mobility, and highlights instances of servants challenging employer controls and seeking out more autonomous futures. Viewed together, these fragmentary histories suggest possibilities for juxtaposing and integrating temporary, short-term and circular transcolonial mobilities that tend to be overlooked in nation-centred histories of immigration and colonial domesticity.

Elsewhere in Australia: a snapshot of temporary mobility on the night of the 2016 Census

Background Temporary population mobility, moves of more than one night’s duration that do not entail a change in usual residence, are an important feature of the Australian population surface. The ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census) provides a snapshot of temporary movements one night every five years. Aims This paper examines the intensity, age and spatial patterns of temporary movements captured at the 2016 Census, and creates a classification of regions based on the age profile of movers on Census nights. Data and methods 2016 Census data were extracted using ABS TableBuilder Pro. Summary metrics were calculated to measure the intensity and age profile of movements. Origin–destination flows were derived from a cross-classification of data on Place of Usual Residence and Place of Enumeration. A classification of regions (SA4s) was constructed from the age profile of movers at origins and at destinations. Results 1,142,005 individuals (about 5 per cent of the Australian population) were enumerated away from home on Census night 2016. Mobility peaked in younger (20–30) and older (65–70) age groups. Most movements were between capital city regions; however, resource regions and coastal areas were also implicated. The mobility surface was segmented by age: younger people dominated visits to cities and older movers comprise the majority of visitors to coastal areas, while remote areas had a significant proportion of visitors in the peak working ages. Conclusions Temporary population mobility is selective by age and sex and geographically segmented by these characteristics. Improved understanding of the attribute of visitors to regions can assist to formulate and validate estimates of temporary populations from emerging data sets.

Temporary international mobility, Family Timing, Dual Career and family democracy. A case of Swedish medical professionals

The article, based on 43 narrative interviews with Swedish physicians and molecular biologists, discusses family timing and family management as crucial factors in temporary international mobility of highly skilled professionals. In the narratives, the family often created a kind of inertia and complication for a prolonged period of working abroad. The interviewees’ dreams and wishes had to be negotiated with a partner pursuing his/her own career, as well as the rest of the family, and there were also a lot of logistics and practicalities to take care of. However, mobility was also regarded as an amazing opportunity for the whole family to be together and to learn about new cultural and social contexts. In several narratives, the temporary and thus “parenthetic” living abroad influenced the otherwise cherished ideals of dual careers, equal gender contract and a respectful parenthood.

A generalised modelling discussion for portable wireless base stations during emergencies

The occurrence of natural disasters and emergencies creates the need for communication between and among emergency responders, the region's population, and other governmental and non-governmental agencies and organisations. Key information that is to be disseminated among these groups must rely on communication networks that may have been rendered partially or fully inoperable. In these scenarios, temporary wireless telecommunications infrastructure can be utilised to provide the links necessary for critical communications. While the deployment of temporary mobile networks and other wireless equipment during the aftermath of disasters has been successfully accomplished by governmental agencies and network providers following previous disasters, there appears to be little optimisation effort involved with respect to maximising key performance measures of the deployment or minimising overall cost to deploy. This work does not focus on the question of what entity will operate the portable base stations or wireless equipment utilised during a disaster, only the question of optimising placement for planning and real time management. I examine the modelling and optimisation of the deployment of a wireless infrastructure prior to, during, and after an emergency or crisis.

Mode 4 trade in services: promoting temporary labour mobility via the trade détour?

A comprehensive process of the liberalisation of trade and capital flows notwithstanding, neoliberal globalisation has not been equally successful in freeing the international movement of labour. With the General Agreement on Trade in Services, (GATS), the WTO set up a novel legal framework within the domain of trade politics that includes the cross-border movement of natural persons to deliver services, labelled Mode 4, thus aiming at the promotion of temporary labour mobility. This article seeks to explain the emergence of Mode 4 and its subsequent development as the outcome of a particular politics of scale motivated by the interests of transnational capital as well as the strategic selectivity of specific institutional terrains. The result has been a compromise that restricts Mode 4 liberalisation to highly qualified personnel only.

Emerging geographies of mobility: The role of regional towns in Greece's ‘counterurbanisation story’

Drawing on the ‘mobility turn’, research in rural studies has engaged with new explorations of mobilities, beyond the now well-explored counterurbanisation and rural gentrification processes, including local and temporary mobility in diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts. This paper explores past and potential future mobility patterns in two regional towns in non-metropolitan Greece in the context of the ongoing financial crisis. Using a choice experiment, we assess the importance of settlement types, family networks, previous residency in the area, cultural opportunities and change in employment type in informing future mobility decisions. The analysis finds evidence of diverse mobilities, and distinguishes between two predominant mobility groups, i.e. counterurbanisers and local movers. We further look at relocation preferences for the two groups and find similar preferences for regional towns. In this context, we provide evidence for the potential emergence of an alternative, i.e. not rooted in pastoralism, version of the Anglo-American ‘rural idyll’.

The intra-EU mobility regime: Differentiation, stratification and contradictions

This article analyses the contested nature of the contemporary intra-EU mobility regime after the EU enlargement of 2004 and 2007. Migration from the new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has evolved into one of the main migration flows within Europe, especially to Northern and Western European countries. We will analyse three dimensions of the contested nature of the intra-EU mobility regime. Firstly, we show that the current regime has contributed to a highly diverse and complex nature of contemporary labour migration. Research shows that CEE labour migrants engage in circular and temporary labour mobility, but also in midterm and long-term settlement migration. This diversity challenges contemporary (local) integration policies. Secondly, we address forms of civic stratification, which has become an important dimension of social inequality in Europe. Civic stratification is the result of inequalities in de jure entitlements to social and economic rights or in de facto access to EU citizens' rights. Thirdly, we deal with the contradictions between governance responses to intra-EU mobility at different levels of government. In particular, a paradigm conflict has emerged between the intra-EU 'mobility' frame, which defines free movement primarily as a neo-liberal, economic form of mobility by EU citizens to address temporary unbalances in European labour markets, and the local governance strategies driven by a more 'settlement' frame of intra-EU 'migration' which focuses on integration-related concerns.

Where people move and when: temporary population mobility in Australia

Nearly one million Australians (one in 20) were away from home on census night in 2006. Thus population estimates based on people's usual place of residence provide an incomplete picture. This article uses the Australian national visitor survey (NVS) to supplement these estimates and outline a picture of the seasonal undulating movement of Australians across the landscape each year.

Tears of time: a Lefebvrian rhythmanalysis approach to explore the mobility experiences of young Eastern Europeans in Spain

This paper explores the rhythm of temporary mobility experiences of young Eastern Europeans in Spain, after the European Union (EU) enlargement towards the East. Following Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis approach, and drawing on 60 in‐depth qualitative interviews, this paper investigates how rhythms are linked to youth mobility and how different interplays of rhythms are connected and disconnected in multiple ways. I argue that both the EU socio‐economic context and the personal and professional life‐course circumstances of young Eastern Europeans who practice mobility create different, uneven rhythms that influence their everyday lives and their perceptions of mobility. This paper highlights the issue of rhythmic change in temporary mobility, uncovering ‘arrhythmic’ mobility, reflected in the loss and insecurity in the lives of those who practice it; ‘polyrhythmic’ mobility, practised by people looking to study and/or work and expressed through uncertainty on the one hand and the possibility of establishing a certain rhythm in their lives on the other; and ‘eurhythmic’ mobility, used by those with a stable professional status in one of the EU countries, in this case, Spain. The conclusions provide a better comprehension of Lefebvre's thinking, offering insights for wider applications. They show the need to advance the theoretical and empirical understandings of rhythm in relation to mobility during the lifecourse.

Movilidad estudiantil y un acceso a la nacionalidad española diferenciado: el caso de los mexicanos, colombianos y brasileños en Galicia

El número de estudiantes universitarios en el mundo es cada vez más grande y su movilidad también. Por ello, las universidades se abren al alumnado extranjero, y, concretamente, las españolas trabajan para atraer parte de esa movilidad internacional. Ocurre que, en los últimos años, los países latinoamericanos son los grandes demandantes de permisos de estancia por estudios en España. De entre ellos, Brasil, México y Colombia son las tres grandes presencias internacionales en el sistema educacional español. Por otro lado, el acceso a la nacionalidad española puede estar determinado por muchas razones, de entre las que destacan permanecer un determinado tiempo en territorio español en situación legal. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una relación entre la movilidad temporal por motivos de estudios y la consecución de nacionalidad española por parte de los colectivos mexicanos, colombianos y brasileños. Se realizó bajo el enfoque de un estudio documental, ya que esa técnica permite transformar documentos primarios en una representación analítica del fenómeno estudiado (Oliveira, 2007). Los resultados demuestran que en Galicia, en el caso de los brasileños y colombianos, tener un proyecto migratorio puede ser un factor que influya en el acceso a la nacionalidad española, mientras que para los mexicanos, existen otros elementos que limitan esta posibilidad. Además, cabe destacar que la experiencia vivida en el lugar, las vivencias previas y la hospitalidad son variables que interfieren en este proceso.

The Impact of Water Access on Short-Term Migration in Rural India

Migration is an important mechanism by which rural households in developing countries can diversify income and reduce risk. This paper examines the impact of irrigation availability on short-term migration in rural India. Combining a nationally representative household-level survey of rural households in Indian with district-level data on weather, irrigation, groundwater availability and electricity, we investigate the role that water infrastructure and groundwater development have played in influencing short-term migration. Our results show that migration decisions respond to the agricultural opportunity costs associated with irrigation and that access to secure water sources determine the relative benefits of short-term migration. Specifically, tube wells, which provide a consistent source of water, allow small landholders to profitably farm lands even in times of water scarcity, which reduces the benefit of short-term migration. Further, our results show that the availability of electricity lowers the likelihood of short-term migration even in areas where groundwater availability is significantly reduced. This suggests that regions with access to electricity are able to adapt and shift to new technologies that facilitate additional groundwater extraction. From a policy perceptive, shutting down access to groundwater will significantly increase temporary labor mobility

The Rise and Implications of Temporary Staffing as a Migration Industry in Norway

Temporary staffing agencies have recently emerged as a significant ‘migration industry’ in Norway, actively recruiting and facilitating the employment of workers from new eastern EU states (EU10). This article explores how such agencies shape patterns of mobility and labour market incorporation among migrant workers. Although agencies promote circular and temporary mobility for western European labour migrants, this is not the case for the eastern European migrant workers. Although temporary staffing jobs are often short-term stepping stones into regular employment for native workers, migrant workers far more often remain employed within staffing agencies for many years. Finally, the eastern European migrants recruited through agencies have far lower earnings and are more at risk of needing public benefits than those hired directly. The findings show that the temporary staffing industry has functioned as a spearhead for establishing a permanent, yet hyper-flexible and highly precarious migrant workforce in the otherwise highly regulated Norwegian labour market.

Impacto potencial del cambio climático en la apicultura

El cambio climático representa el mayor reto para la humanidad en el siglo XXI, proyectando posibles cambios sociales, económicos y ecológicos a nivel global; lo que hace necesario plantear estrategias de adaptación y mitigación en las actividades del sector primario que permitan reducir el riesgo a esos cambios. Por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar las investigaciones realizadas sobre los efectos del cambio climático en la apicultura a partir de dos de sus elementos básicos: las relaciones fisico-biologicos y los riesgos socioeconómicos. Los impactos potenciales se clasificaron en directos considerando la respuesta intra e inter-específica de la flora melífera y las abejas; e indirectos, enfocados a las afectaciones socioeconómicas. Se encontró que las afectaciones de orden directo conllevan a respuestas intra-específicas de las especies de plantas como la movilidad espacio temporal hacia latitudes más elevadas y a la dinámica poblacional de las colonias de abejas. Los cambios indirectos incluyen un sentido económico y social por el riesgo de la rentabilidad a consecuencia del incremento en las prácticas de adaptación, desembocando por consiguiente en un posible abandono de la actividad. Concluyendo en la evidente necesidad de trabajos regionales integrales e interdisciplinarios que contribuyan a prever la respuesta biológica de las especies involucradas en la actividad (desde el paradigma cuantitativo) y la comprensión del fenómeno (desde el paradigma cualitativo), resultado de la incertidumbre de los apicultores, quienes bajo su propio esquema de cogniciones deciden invertir o no, en prácticas de manejo que ayuden a mantener la producción.

Indoor Thermal Environment of Temporary Mobile Energy Shelter Houses (MeSHs) in South Korea

Temporary housing must be developed to support the long-term residence needs of disaster victims. The present study assesses a temporary housing unit, the so-called Mobile Energy Shelter House (MeSH), incorporating the “Korean Dwelling Insulation Standard” in order to reduce energy usage for cooling and heating. To assess energy performance, the characteristics of the indoor thermal environment were measured during the winter and summer seasons. In summer, at maximum insolation, the outdoor temperature was 37.6 °C and the indoor temperature of the MeSH ranged from 18 to 24 °C when the cooling system was not used. Conversely, during winter, the average outdoor temperature was −11.3 °C and the indoor temperature ranged from 16.09 to 20.63 °C when a temperature-controlled floor-heating was installed. Furthermore, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) was adopted to determine whether the ISO 7730 comfort criterion (i.e., PMV range from −0.5 to +0.5) was achieved. Based on the calculations presented here, PMV in summer ranged from −1.21 to +1.07 and that in winter ranged from −0.08 to −0.85, suggesting that the thermal environment is not always comfortable for occupants in either summer or winter. Nevertheless, the ISO comfort criterion can be achieved through varying air velocity in summer and changing clothing characteristics in winter. A comparison between yearly energy demand of existing characteristic temporary housing (Shelter House) and the MeSH modules used in this study was performed. The simulation results show a 60% difference in energy demand between MeSH and existing temporary housing shelter houses.

Modifying culture and identity: a deep gaze into tourists’ quotidian culture and identity modification processes

Purpose – This paper aims to situate tourism within the wider context of temporary and permanent people movements and immigration as a form of permanent tourism with a deep gaze into tourists’ own national culture and even deeper gaze into the trappings of immigrants’ quotidian identity to define a modified identity. This paper offers, through auto-ethnography (AE) and confirmatory introspection (CI), a glimpse into the complex decision-making processes tourists, migrant workers and immigrants have to cope with to survive and thrive in a home “away” from their country of birth. The literature on the comparison between temporary mobility (tourism), nomadic migration (semi-permanent mobility) and permanent mobility (drifters, wanderers or denizen globe trotters) is sparse and unsystematic. Design/methodology/approach – The use of AE and CI allows the researcher with several years of cognitive and affective information and easy access to data on the private, lived experiences of the author and closely related family. Having lived and worked in several countries, supplemented by experiences of visiting over 35 countries for varying periods, the researcher has direct access to a wealth of rich data related to tourism (one- to five-week trips to Europe, USA, South America, the Middle East, Africa, Australia and the Pacific Islands), semi-permanent mobility (one-year exchange work placement in North America) and permanent mobility (more than ten years of being immigrants to New Zealand). Findings – The results show that tourists and immigrants are exposed to numerous decisions (varying in complexity and impact) before, during and after their travels that will impact on their acculturation, the genuineness of their experience and their willingness to modify their own identities, as well as the culture of the destinations they consume. Travelers have to overcome contextual and personal hurdles to achieve integration in a reasonable time. The way in which they tackle and overcome these hurdles will impact upon their modification of personal identity and acculturation. Practical implications – This paper offers practical advice to tourists, immigrants and employers on becoming adaptable consumers, highly resilient survivors and highly reliable organizations – able to thrive in today’s global marketplace. This study helps marketers, tourism professionals and employers of migrants to understand the processes consumers go through to modify identity to effectively and timely fit into new environments. Originality/value – AE- and CI-based research explores the tourist gaze and acculturation processes and discusses a two-directional model of modification of culture and identity. In addition, the paper highlights complex decision-making models tourists, nomads, globe trotters and immigrants use when considering alternative destinations and sought-after experiences.

Human-mobility networks, country income, and labor productivity

AbstractThis paper asks whether the level of integration of world countries in the international network of temporary human mobility can explain differences in their per-capita income and labor productivity. We disentangle the role played by global country centrality in the network from traditional openness measures, which only account for local, nearest-neighbor linkages through which ideas and knowledge can flow. Using 1995-2010 data, we show that global country centrality in the international temporary human-mobility network enhances both per-capita income and labor productivity. Our results hold cross-sectionally, as well as in a dynamic-panel estimation, and take into account potential endogeneity issues. Our findings imply that how close a country is to the theoretical technological frontier, depends not only on how much she is open to temporary human mobility, but mostly on whether she is embedded in a web of relationships connecting her with other influential partners in the network. Our exercises also suggest that most of the gain in income and productivity can be attained if country centrality in the network comes mostly from influential partners that lie not too far away from, but neither too close to them in the network.

Gender and patterns of temporary mobility among researchers

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Science and Public Policy following peer review. The version of record Canibano Sanchez, Carolina, Fox, Mary Frank , Otamendi, F. Javier . (2016). Gender and patterns of temporary mobility among researchers.Science and Public Policy, 43, 3, 320-331. DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scv042 is available online at: http://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scv042