Temporary Members Research Articles

Robustness of a Steel Truss Bridge Subjected to Sudden Member Breakage during the Continuous-to-Simply-Supported Transition

Steel truss bridges are especially vulnerable in the event of a sudden loss of a load-carrying element, which can trigger a chain of failures. This paper describes a unique case study of a steel truss bridge under construction subjected to sudden member breakages with an extensive monitoring system. The failures occurred during the dismantlement of temporary members that had been used to transform a three-span simply supported steel truss bridge into a three-span continuous structure during incremental launching. These temporary members needed to be removed once the bridge reached its final position. The robustness of the bridge was assessed using computer simulations of various failure scenarios to evaluate its capacity to effectively activate alternative load paths (ALPs). The results demonstrated the structural redundancy of the steel truss bridge. However, the dynamic response resulting from the failure of the temporary upper chord, due to the initially high tension in the rods, should not be overlooked. To mitigate this issue, a structural retrofitting method was proposed, involving jacking the truss girder above the side pier to reduce the tension in the temporary upper chord above the middle pier. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated through both simulated and formal experimental tests.

Is surgeon annual case volume related with intra and postoperative complications after ventral hernia repair? Uni- and multivariate analysis of prospective registry-based data

BackgroundLiterature on a potential relationship between surgeon case volume and intra- or postoperative complications after ventral hernia repair remains scarce.MethodsPatients who underwent ventral hernia repair between 2011 and 2023 were selected from the prospectively maintained French Hernia-Club Registry. Outcome variables were: intraoperative events, postoperative general complications, surgical site occurrences, surgical site infections, length of intensive care unit (ICU), and patient-reported scar bulging during follow-up. Surgeons’ annual case volume was categorized as 1–5, 6–50, 51–100, 101–125, and > 125 cases, and its association with outcome volume was evaluated using uni- and multivariable analyses.ResultsOver the study period, 199 titular or temporary members registered 15,332 ventral hernia repairs, including 7869 primary, 6173 incisional, and 212 parastomal hernia repairs. In univariate analysis, surgeons’ annual case volume was significantly related with all the postoperative studied outcomes. After multivariate regression analysis, annual case volume remained significantly associated with intra-operative complications, postoperative general complications and length of ICU stay. A primary repair was independently associated with fewer intra- and post-operative complications.ConclusionIn the present multivariable analysis of a large registry on ventral hernia repairs, higher surgeon annual case volume was significantly related with fewer postoperative general complications and a shorter length of stay, but not with fewer surgical site occurrences, nor with less patient-reported scar bulging. Factors in the surgeons’ case mix such as the type of hernia have significant impact on complication rates.

Do geopolitical interests affect how financial markets react to IMF programs?

We study the effect of geopolitics on short-term financial market reactions to IMF program approvals. If IMF programs are influenced by geopolitics, they may be less successful in stabilizing the economy. This could lead financial market participants to sell the country’s assets and thus reduce the catalytic effect of IMF programs. Using a monthly panel data set for about 100 IMF members covering 1993-2019, we find that if geopolitics are involved, the approval of a new IMF program increases risk aversion of financial market participants. To measure geopolitical interest, we focus on program approvals for temporary members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). We find that temporary UNSC members receiving an IMF program face higher bond and bill yields, depreciating exchange rates, and weaker stock market developments. This is consistent with investors reducing exposure to the country’s financial assets. Such a negative investor reaction is not observed for IMF program approvals for non-UNSC temporary members.

Taking experiences of disrespectful misrecognition in blended workgroups seriously

ABSTRACT This article explores how experienced relational quality in blended workgroups consisting of permanent and temporary members is affected by temporary members’ normative expectations for the relationship. We draw on Axel Honneth’s four primary forms of recognition to illuminate the foundation of normative expectations. This focus on temporary members’ normative expectations contrasts with existing research in blended workgroups, focusing predominantly on the behavior of permanent members towards temporary ones. We draw on illustrative examples from a qualitative study of first – and third-year nursing students’ experiences during their internships at somatic hospitals. First – and third-year students report how they experience a deviation from their normative expectations as a threat to their positive self-image. In conclusion, we propose that the normative expectations characterizing the relationship between nursing students and permanent nurses can be described based on three forms of recognition:’ visibility,’ ‘respect,’ and ‘esteem.’

Training and Development of Business Instructors in Relation to Faculty Performance

The study aims to describe the relationship between trainings and development of business educators and their performance in one of the state universities in Zamboanga Peninsula. Data mining technique was used in determining the profile of business educators, the number of seminars and trainings attended, and performance rating. Business instructors included the part-time, temporary and permanent faculty members. Results of the study revealed that faculty received more trainings related to instructions but very few in research, extension and production. Business educator’s performance were mostly very satisfactory across the four core functions despite the limited number of trainings received on some functions particularly to the new and young faculty. Further, there is a significant difference on the performance rating based on their employment status. However, study reveals that trainings and development have no significant relationship with performance. The study provides significant managerial implications on the evaluation of faculty performance and highlights the need to develop a framework for training and development. Moreover, the study recommends the need for the administration to revise its performance evaluation tool to obtain a more concrete and objective analysis in gauging how well the university performs in achieving its goals and targets.

Fundamental strength test for fall-down prevention of exterior wall during demolition using temporary members

Fundamental strength test for fall-down prevention of exterior wall during demolition using temporary members

Meiofauna of various biotopes of the upper sublittoral of the Odessa bay

In the article, for the first time for the shelf of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, the features of the formation total abundance and biomass of permanent (permanent members) and temporary (temporary members) components of meiobenthos in the upper sublittoral of the Odessa Bay (2.5–11 m). The material was presented by quantitative samples collected in 2012, in the coastal zone of the Odessa Bay. During the research period, from 9 to 13 groups of meiobenthos were found on various substrates: Foraminifera, Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Ostracoda, Halacaridae, Kinorhyncha, Turbellaria, Oligochaeta, larvae and juveniles of Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Balanus. There are 9 large taxa on the sandy substrate, 12 on the shell, and 10 taxa on the stony substrate with algae cover. An analysis of the distribution of individual meiobenthic on various substrates showed their significant differences. Nematoda dominated on the sandy substrate. The main role was played by polychaetes and juvenile bivalves. On the shell rock, the total abundance of meiobenthos varied at different stations from 2500 ind. m-2 to 269000 ind. m-2 (average – 143300 ind. m-2), the main part of it was formed by eumeiobenthos (72.7 %). In the periphyton of rocky substrate, the meiobenthos consisted of 10 large taxons. Turbellaria, Kinorhyncha and Gastrotricha were absent. The total number of meiobenthos varied from 59000 ind. m -2 to 341000 ind. m -2 (on average 156107 ind. m -2). The proportion of eumeiobenthos in the total number of organisms was 67.4 %. On the mixed substrate, the formation of the total abundance of meiobenthos occurred mainly due to 6 groups (Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Ostracoda, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, juveniles of Bivalvia). Concentration of the total meiobenthos varied from 83000 ind. m-2 to 146500 ind. m-2 (on average 120500 ind. m-2). Nematoda dominated, the subdominant group was Harpacticoida. The paper considers the formation of quantitative indicators of the main groups of meiobenthos (Foraminifera, Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Ostracoda, Halacaridae, temporary meiofauna) depending on the type of substrate.

Non-work-related rejection of temporary members

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the social dynamics associated with the interaction between temporary and permanent organizational members in non-work-related situations. This view contrasts with previous studies which predominantly focus on work-related situations. Inspired by Goffman's dramaturgical metaphor, a perspective which emphasizes the influence of social regions on group membership as well as the ritual foundation of everyday social interactions is developed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper’s methodological foundation is a constructivist grounded theory study of 15 undergraduate nursing students' experiences as temporary members during their clinical placements.FindingsTemporary members arrive at their new organization with an expectation of attending non-work-related situations on similar terms as permanent members. However, they do not expect to be treated as new colleagues. They experience being excluded and ignored, which makes them feel humiliated, denied recognition and deprived of their dignity.Originality/valueIlluminating social dynamics related to backstage access provides valuable insights to studies of the relationship between temporary and permanent organizational members. Furthermore, redirecting the analytical focus from social dynamics associated with work-related situations to non-work-related ones provides new perspectives on moral exclusion by emphasizing the ritual foundation and its close connection to moral concepts such as dignity and recognition.

Periphyton Meyofauna natural stony substrate (Odessa Bay, Black Sea)

For the first time, features of the formation of the total number and biomass of permanent members and temporary members) of meiobenthos in periphyton of natural stony substrates are described for the shelf of the northwestern part of the Black Sea. The material for the scientific analysis was quantitative samples collected during 2012, 2014, and 2015. On two polygons of the North-Western shelf of the Black Sea in the coastal zone of Odessa Bay in the area of the Hydrobiological Station ONU I.I. Mechnikov. Representatives of the following large meiobenthos taxa were found on a stony substrate at a depth of 3–10.7 m: Foraminifera, Nematoda, Ostracoda, Harpacticoida, Halacaridae, Turbellaria, Oligochaeta, young Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Balanus, Amphipod, Cumidae, Crayfish. Kinohryncha and Gastrotricha were absent. The species composition of the main meobenthic groups (Nematoda, Harpacticoida and the young Polychaeta) and their numbers are given. Indicators of the total abundance of meiofauna in the periphyton of the stony substrate varied from 59000 to 341500 ind.·m-2 (average density 156107 ind.·m-2), which was dominated by eumeiobenthos, making up 64% of the total number of organisms. At 57% of the stations studied, representatives of the meiobenthos of the harpacticoids dominated in the density of the settlements, which accounted for 53.2–80% of the total number of organisms. Polychaetes belonging to meiobenthos were unevenly distributed in fouling of a stony substrate. Their average number was 18786 ind.·m-2, an average of 12.7% of the total number of organisms. The share of nematodes in the total number of stones was 20%. Their average density is 23,864 ind.·m-2. Studies have shown that the biodiversity of the meiobenthic community of organisms in the periphyton of natural stony substrates is much poorer than on the loose soils of the adjacent water areas.

Neptune Trojans: a Revisit and a New Membertwo

Up to now, 17 Neptune Trojan asteroids have been detected with their orbits being well determined by continuous observations. This paper analyzes systematically their orbital dynamics. Our results show that except for two temporary members with relatively short lifespans on Trojan orbits, the vast majority of Neptune Trojans located within their orbital uncertainties may survive in the solar system age. The escaping probability of Neptune Trojans, through slow diffusion in the orbital element space in 4.5 billion years, is estimated to be ∼50%. The asteroid 2012 UW177 classified as a Centaur asteroid by the IAU Minor Planet Center currently is in fact a Neptune Trojan. Numerical simulations indicate that it is librating on the tadpole-shaped orbit around the Neptune's L4 point. It was captured into the current orbit approximately 0.23 million years ago, and will stay there for at least another 1.3 million years in the future. Its high inclination of i≈54∘ not only makes it the most inclined Neptune Trojan, but also makes it exhibit the complicated and interesting co-orbital transitions between the leading and trailing Trojans via the quasi-satellite orbit phase.

Texas Sport Leadership Consultants, LLC: A Case of Cases

This immersive, multi-case experience consists of four distinct cases and one meta-case that require students to engage with several organizational behavior topics. First, the meta-case takes the form of Texas Sport Leadership Consultants (TSLC), a fictitious company which consults with local sport management professionals in a variety of contexts. Students participate as temporary members of the company to analyze the issues and challenges associated with working as a member of TSLC. TSLC work groups are hired by four different clients, each of whom has a unique organizational behavior challenge. These clients include: (1) a combat-oriented sport company; (2) a company that provides luxury sport experiences for business travelers; (3) Division II athletic directors; and (4) a minor league hockey team. The clients face challenges related to mission and vision, group dynamics, change leadership, and power and politics. Student groups analyze the case and provide recommendations, which are presented as the basis for discussion among TSLC colleagues.

Experience teaching cycle "Examination of temporary disability" in Saint Petersburg state pediatric medical university

The main purpose of the temporary disability expertise is to evaluate the patient's health status, the quality and effectiveness of the treatment, the ability to carry out professional activities, as well as determining the extent and timing of temporary disability. One of the main tasks of examination of temporary disability, along with the adoption of science-based decisions about the patient's working capacity and determination of temporary disability is the identification of the employee long-term or permanent disability to the established procedure for survey on mediko-social examination. Regulatory documents there are levels of examination of temporary disability in a medical organization: the attending physician and the medical Commission of the medical organization. The right medical organization for conducting work and services in examination of temporary disability is determined by the presence of the license for medical activity and the examination of temporary disability. The participants in the expert process should have a document enhance the skills of professionals involved in the declared works (services). This article presents the experience of the Department of social pediatrics and public health, faculty of postgraduate and additional professional education SPbSPMU for training physicians, Deputy chief physicians in the examination of temporary disability, chairmen and members of medical commissions, the organization and carrying out examination of temporary incapacity.

Change in attitude towards psychotherapy in the course of clinical practice: Qualitative analysis of experience of students from various health care fields

IntroductionA stigmatizing attitude towards psychiatry and psychotherapy still prevails in Lithuania. It is evidenced by a variety of patterns, especially by a controversial social opinion about a person suffering from mental disorders.ObjectivesTo investigate the experiences of students in Psychiatry and General Practitioner Residency studies and those in Bachelor's and Master's degree programs of Psychology who during their clinical psychiatric practice joined a multi-professional team at the Stress Related Disorders Department as temporary members; and to analyse how their attitude towards psychotherapy changed in the process.AimsTo analyse students’ feedback about their experiences and involvement into the activity of the multi-professional team at the Stress Related Disorders Department (day care) during their clinical psychiatric practice.MethodsQualitative research methods based on phenomenological sociology were employed in the study. Students responded to five questions in writing during interview. Collected qualitative research material was analysed while applying content analysis.ResultsEighteen subthemes were obtained and they were matched with the following nine main thematic codes: (1) past, present, future; (2) difficult beginning: “birth”; (3) childbirth pain; (4) childhood challenges; (5) birthing team; (6) adulthood; (7) mourning; (8) joining the team; and (9) future prospect.ConclusionsClinical psychiatric practice develops a multidisciplinary attitude towards psychiatry including both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment while using individual and group psychotherapy. Significant experience and attitude of health care students changed during clinical psychiatric practice as they acquired deeper understanding of the meaningfulness of psychotherapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Precepting at the time of a natural disaster.

Natural disasters strike communities that have varied degrees of preparedness, both physical and psychological. Rural communities may be particularly vulnerable as they often do not have the infrastructure or resources to prepare in advance. The psychological impact of a natural disaster is amplified in learners who may be temporary members of the community and therefore cannot draw on personal support during the crisis. They may turn to their clinical preceptors for guidance. The Slave Lake fire (population 6782) in May 2011 and the High River flood (population 12 920) in June 2013 are examples of natural disasters that have occurred in rural Alberta, Canada. At the time of these critical incidents, three medical students and one family medicine resident from the two provincial medical schools were participating in rotations in these communities. Although disasters occur rarely, there is a need for guidelines for preceptors from the learner perspective. Accordingly, using a modified Delphi approach, we captured the experiences of learners that were then refined into two themes, each containing three recommendations: considerations for action during a natural disaster and considerations for action after the acute crisis has passed. Although disasters occur rarely, there is a need for guidelines for preceptors from the learner perspective IMPLICATIONS: Our recommendations provide suggestions for practical solutions that build on the usual expectations of mentors and may benefit the student-teacher relationship at the time of a disaster and beyond. They are meant to initiate discussion regarding further study aimed towards creating recommendations for preceptor response that may cross disciplines.

James Raymond Vreeland and Axel Dreher (eds.): The political economy of the United Nations Security Council: money and influence

Does money buy political support? This question is common in general discourse about domestic policy matters. Political conservatives accuse progressives of being beholden to labor unions while political progressives complain that big business sways conservatives. While the scholarly literature disagrees about the effect money has in influencing political outcomes, the rent seeking literature shows that money can be traded for political support. This type of trading, however, does not have to be confined to interest groups and politicians in a domestic policy setting. Trades can also occur between different countries who have different needs or preferences. The politics of the United Nations provides a perfect setting for this type of behavior. In The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council James Vreeland and Axel Dreher examine whether there are financial perks to serving on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The authors find that certain key countries, particularly Germany, Japan, and the United States, trade development aid for the votes of temporary members of the UNSC. These trades are common, especially in years with heightened international geopolitical dispute. Vreeland and Dreher argue that these trades occur for two basic reasons. First, wealthier countries care more about UNSC votes because international issues are normal goods and development aid is a relatively small part of their overall budget. In general, the opposite is true for poorer countries. Less developed countries care more about development aid than about broad international issues. This is because development aid can provide these countries with a significant amount of addition resources, relative to their overall budgets. In addition, less developed countries often have a small role in influencing international issues.

Lik-lutka stalni i povremeni član odgojne skupine

Lik-lutka kao osnovno izražajno sredstvo lutkarskoga kazališta, samodostatan je medij i u odgoju i u obrazovanju. Tako je lik-lutka kao stalni i povremeni član odgojne skupine iznimno učinkovit u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu predškolskog odgoja i razredne nastave, a stvaralački poticajan i za studente odgajateljskog i učiteljskog studija. Rad sažima višegodišnja pojedinačna iskustva prethodno lutkarsko-kazališno educiranih zagrebačkih odgojitelja i učitelja te studenata PO Učiteljskog fakulteta – Odsjeka u Petrinji. I odgajateljima i učiteljima u svakodnevnom radu s djecom, a i studentima, određeni likovi-lutke su prijenosnici, a i pronosioci, zasebnih i povezanih odgojnih, problemskih te obrazovno-nastavnih sadržaja. U tom su postupku prethodno osmišljene i odigrane lutkarske igre i etide odgojitelja i učitelja polazišta za problemsko-odgojne procese ili interdisciplinarne prirodoslovne i govorno-umjetničke obrazovno-nastavne sadržaje. Nakon uvodnog polazišta, daljnji odgojno-problemski ili obrazovni proces određenoga sadržaja ili teme realizira se u zajedničkom, pojedinačnom i skupnom radu sa svim članovima odgojne skupine. U tom se procesu tema (sadržaj ili problem) detaljnije upoznaje, sagledavaju se različiti njezini aspekti, propituje se, istražuje i izabire prihvatljivo stajalište, odnosno prihvatljivo rješenje, ako je tema vezana uz možebitni problem. Sličan je i proces obrazovnog ili nastavnog sadržaja, kada se nastavni sadržaj lutkarskom igrom predstavlja, a pojedinačnim se i skupnim etidama i igrama u različitim varijacijama ponavlja, usvaja, provjerava i ocjenjuje usvojena razina znanja, već primijenjenog medijem lika-lutke. Rad analizira likove-lutke kao stalne i povremene članove odgojne skupine različitih vrsta. Ljudski su likovi Pero – šestogodišnji dječak, Tip – zaštitar, Sonja – strana studentica i Mara – mljekarica; životinjska vrsta je Skakač – žabac, a vila Mila je fantastično biće. Navedeni likovi-lutke oblikovani su kao ručne, štapne, stolne i plošne lutke.

Does Membership on the UN Security Council Influence Voting in the UN General Assembly?

Recent studies report that temporary members of the UN Security Council receive favorable treatment from the IMF, the World Bank, or in US foreign aid in exchange for their political support for permanent members. Nevertheless, few studies have examined whether this favorable treatment and these benefits have actually made any significant changes in the member states’ voting behavior in the United Nations. To explore this question, we investigate whether membership on the UN Security Council influences a state’s voting in the UN General Assembly. In the analysis of panel data for 197 countries over the period from 1946 to 2008, the empirical results show that elected members of the UN Security Council tend to behave similarly with permanent members, especially with the United States, as the number of loan programs signed with the IMF and the World Bank increases. Also, US foreign aid significantly increases temporary members’ vote coincidence with the United States and other permanent members. In this regard, this article contributes to our understanding of state voting behavior and power politics in international organizations.

Mobility, belonging and bodies: understanding discourses of anxiety towards temporary migrants in Australia

The figure of the temporary migrant is one which puts into question the forms through which public sphere sensibilities on mobility, belonging and sociality are forged. This article argues that the temporary migrant can be a site of anxiety resulting from the perceived complexity of flows of mobility in a trans- and/or post-national context in which migration is not necessarily always permanent, social mobility does not occur within the site of the nation, and close kinship networks may be spread across multiple regions of the globe. The article investigates the 2012 case of politician Teresa Gambaro's claims that temporary migrants in Australia on 457 visas required hygiene training, including the wearing of deodorant in order to integrate into the national community. The question raised by these statements is why permanent migrants bodily, food and other cultural practices are more readily incorporated into Australian liberal-multiculturalism, while temporary migrants' bodies are made a site for practices of shaming. It is argued that a ‘networked’ understanding of mobility rather than a migrational, transnational or globalizational perspective opens opportunities for a more ethical response to temporary migrants co-habiting as temporary members of a (national) population.

Misplaced Blame

In a well-publicized finding, Bueno de Mesquita and Smith argue that temporary members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) suffer politically and economically because they receive elevated inflows of foreign aid in exchange for votes. Closer examination of the data reveals a lack of support for this claim. Even when the analysis is limited to countries that do not enjoy temporarily increased aid during tenure, UNSC membership retains an association with poor outcomes that are disproportionately strong in nondemocratic countries, contrary to the expectation generated by selectorate theory. A separate least-likely test specification further weakens the case against foreign aid. The authors postulate and weigh alternative explanations. Temporary membership may enable deleterious state policy through a lessened fear of international sanction. Alternatively, the membership selection process may be biased in a way not currently recognized by scholars who employ UNSC election as a source of exogenous variation in the international system.

The Small Group Context: Designated District Court Judges in the U.S. Courts of Appeals

Decision making in the U.S. courts of appeals occurs primarily in three-judge panels. A substantial number of cases are decided by panels that include a judge who is a district court judge serving temporarily on the appeals bench. This means that court of appeals decision making is often a function of small groups with temporary members. Here, we examine whether designated district court judges behave differently than their court of appeals colleagues when they cast their votes in cases they are deciding as members of three-judge appellate panels. In doing so, we suggest a profitable direction for theory building vis-à-vis judicial decision making. Our analysis of the ideological direction of the votes judges cast, as well as the variance in those votes, indicates that judges on three-judge panels are influenced by the preferences of their fellow panelists, and that designated district court judges, while no more variable than their court of appeals colleagues, are more susceptible to the influence of their peers than are regular members of the courts of appeals in a nontrivial number of cases.