Temporal Issues Research Articles

A project and lift approach for a 2-commodity flow relocation model in a time expanded network

We deal here with a general 2-commodity flow model over a time expanded network designed for the management of a shared mobility systems. The model involves an integral flow vector that represents carriers together with an integral flow vector that represents the items transported by those carriers. It simultaneously copes with temporal and resource issues, and is difficult to handle in the practice. So we propose here a Project and Lift approach to handle it. We start by projecting the time expanded network model on the original transit network to obtain a simpler two-commodity flow projected model. In order to make this projected model consistent with the original problem, we introduce some complex constraints, prove that these constraints can be separated in polynomial time and discuss the experimental behavior of the related Branch-and-Cut algorithm. Next, we introduce the Lift issue about the way one may turn an optimal solution of our projected model into a solution of the original problem. Finally, we thoroughly study a somewhat restrictive Strong Lift setting of this Lift issue, design and test an exact mixed integer programming Strong Lift model, and discuss some flexible alternative approaches.

Особенности темпоральности ориентированного на инновации человека

An important role belongs to the humanistic potential formed by creative abilities, moral and intellectual qualities of a person in the development of modern innovative processes. The article deals with the question of the innovative nature of man and the temporal foundations of his existence in the context of modern temporal issues. Conducting a comparative analysis of the interpretations of the categories of temporal issues helped to identify those meanings that lead to an awareness of the value of human innovation orientation. The most important role belongs to the spiritual potential in creativity, and its development directly depends on a person’s attitude to the temporality of his/her existence. In this regard, modern thinkers pay attention to the study of the antithesis of the trivial and unique in the temporal existence of man and the nature of repetition as a dilemma of the past and the future. Emphasizing the key importance of the moment in a person’s determination to follow a moral path, they answer the question of his/her belonging to the past, present or future. The conditions of innovation, which become obvious when a person orients himself/herself to the spiritual foundations of his/her being, are contained in each of the time modes. The author concluded that the nature of the temporal existence of an innovation-oriented person is distinguished by the uniqueness of its moments as the beginning of the production of new ideas, the unpredictability of the future and the variability of understanding of the past as a condition for free creative choice in the present moment. All these qualities are important in the development of modern innovations, as they ensure innovative continuity and the production of innovative ideas.

The effect of multiband sequences on statistical outcome measures in functional magnetic resonance imaging using a gustatory stimulus

Recent technical developments have led to the invention of multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequences that allow for faster sampling rates. However, some studies have highlighted problems with these sequences, leading to a decreased temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR). In addition, this temporal noise may interfere with detecting reward-related responses in mesolimbic regions. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal utilized in the majority of fMRI measurements is relatively slow. Furthermore, the cerebral response to gustatory stimuli would also be relatively slow. Therefore, given the temporal noise issues with multiband sequences, it is unclear whether multiband sequences are necessary for fMRI studies using gustatory stimuli. We thus conducted an fMRI experiment using a gustatory stimulus to investigate the effects of multiband sequences and increased sampling rates on statistical outcome measures. A single-band sequence with a repetition time (TR) of 2 s of phantom fMRI data and gustatory fMRI data from the gustatory regions exhibited the highest tSNR, although the tSNR of this sequence of gustatory fMRI was not statistically different from tSNR of multiband sequences with a TR of 2 s in any of the selected region of interests. Conventional general linear model analysis of fMRI showed that single-band sequences are more advantageous than multiband sequences for detecting brain responses to gustatory stimuli in the primary gustatory cortex. In addition, a Bayesian data comparison showed that data derived from a single-band sequence with a TR of 2 s was optimal for inferring neuronal connectivity in gustatory processing. Therefore, a conventional single-band sequence with a TR of 2 s is more appropriate for fMRI with gustatory stimuli. Image acquisition sequences should be selected aligned with the study objectives and target brain regions.

Challenges Facing the Use of Remote Sensing Technologies in the Construction Industry: A Review

Remote sensing is essential in construction management by providing valuable information and insights throughout the project lifecycle. Due to the rapid advancement of remote sensing technologies, their use has been increasingly adopted in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. This review paper aims to advance the understanding, knowledge base, and practical implementation of remote sensing technologies in the construction industry. It may help support the development of robust methodologies, address challenges, and pave the way for the effective integration of remote sensing into construction management processes. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the challenges faced in using remote sensing technologies in construction management. One hundred and seventeen papers were collected from eight relevant journals, indexed in Web of Science, and then categorized by challenge type. The results of 44 exemplary studies were reported in the three types of remote sensing platforms (satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing). The paper provides construction professionals with a deeper understanding of remote sensing technologies and their applications in construction management. The challenges of using remote sensing in construction were collected and classified into eleven challenges. According to the number of collected documents, the critical challenges were shadow, spatial, and temporal resolution issues. The findings emphasize the use of unmanned airborne systems (UASs) and satellite remote sensing, which have become increasingly common and valuable for tasks such as preconstruction planning, progress tracking, safety monitoring, and environmental management. This knowledge allows for informed decision-making regarding integrating remote sensing into construction projects, leading to more efficient and practical project planning, design, and execution.

Re-thinging Embodied and Enactive Psychiatry: A Material Engagement Approach.

Emerging consensus among enactivist philosophers and embodied mind theorists suggests that seeking to understand mental illness we need to look out of our skulls at the ecology of the brain. Still, the complex links between materiality (in broadest sense of material objects, habits, practices and environments) and mental health remain little understood. This paper discusses the benefits of adopting a material engagement approach to embodied and enactive psychiatry. We propose that the material engagement approach can change the geography of the debate over the nature of mental disorders and through that help to develop theoretical and practical insights that could improve management and treatment for various psychiatric conditions. We investigate the potential role of Material Engagement Theory (MET) in psychiatry using examples of aetiologically different mental illnesses (schizophrenia and dementia) in respect of their shared phenomenological manifestations, focusing particularly on issues of memory, self-awareness, embodiment and temporality. The effective study of socio-material relations allows better understanding of the semiotic significance and agency of specific materials, environments and technical mediations. There is unrealised potential here for creating new approaches to treatment that can broaden, challenge or complement existing interventions and practices of care.

Visual perception and user satisfaction in video see-through head-mounted displays: a mixed-methods evaluation

ObjectiveOur study addresses the challenges limiting the adoption of Extended Reality (XR) Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), mainly focusing on device quality and cybersickness. We aim to investigate the impact of hardware and software on user experience and task performance while wearing Video See-Through (VST) HMDs. We employ a novel methodology designed to bridge the gaps identified in previous research.MethodsThis study uses a convergent mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data in a within-subjects evaluation involving 20 participants. This comprehensive evaluation examines visual perception, visual quality, and user experience through a range of tasks. Usability, comfort, and cybersickness are assessed, with insights derived from both user performance metrics and subjective measures collected through in-depth interviews and comments. The study includes three distinct HMDs—two prototypes (PD1 and PD2) and one commercial device (CD1)—to provide a broad analysis of the technology.FindingsOur findings reveal that while participants were generally satisfied with VST mode, their preferences varied across devices. CD1 was preferred for its realistic color representation and superior reading task performance due to its high-resolution display and camera. However, visual disturbances and temporal issues differed across devices, with CD1 exhibiting fewer artifacts when stationary but showing more disturbances when participants were moving. Participants found PD1 and PD2 more comfortable for extended use and fewer cybersickness symptoms, but they highlighted color and display resolution issues. These variations underscore the importance of considering both qualitative and quantitative measures in HMD evaluations.ConclusionThis mixed-methods evaluation emphasizes the limitations of relying solely on visual perception performance measures for VST HMDs. By integrating both quantitative and qualitative insights, we offer a more detailed evaluation framework to identify design flaws and user experience issues that quantitative metrics alone might miss. This methodology contributes to the field by illustrating how a mixed-methods approach provides a broader perspective on XR technology, guiding future improvements and enhancing VST adoption in future applications.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Telephone Triage Research to 2021 Using VOSviewer.

Telephone triage services are becoming increasingly commonplace in modern healthcare. Despite this widespread adoption, health researchers and practitioners seeking to understand evidence-based best practice face several challenges. Firstly, the few systematic reviews available yield small sample sizes, suggesting a small amount of research. Secondly, the rapid pace of development of telephone triage technologies means that there may be temporal validity issues with the available research, given some of this research is relatively old. Thirdly, researchers use different terminologies to describe telephone triage, meaning evidence may be more difficult to find than if consistent terminology was used. This bibliometric analysis therefore is aimed at providing a macroscopic overview of telephone triage, to understand the scale and scope of the available evidence (i.e., where, when, and by whom research is conducted), for interested researchers and practitioners. Additionally, it is aimed at quantifying the prevalence of terms used to describe telephone triage, to recommend consistent terminology for future use, and to improve accessibility of research. To address these aims, literature searches using three different key terms: "telephone triage," "remote triage," and "teletriage" were conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Corresponding bibliometric data was visualised and analysed using VOSviewer. This bibliometric review identified 784 papers since the term "telephone triage" first appears in 1980, confirming a paucity of literature in the field. An overview of telephone triage research up to 2021 is provided, which should serve as a useful foundation for future research and application of evidence-based practice. Gaps in telephone triage research are identified, and the use of consistent terminology is encouraged, with the aim of supporting telephone triage researchers in determining research priorities and improving the impact of future studies.

Introduction: Autoimmunities in the Wake of COVID-19

Our introduction and the essays collected in this Special Section address themselves to the ruins, creations, and legacies of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. More precisely, we ask how our notions of immunity and especially autoimmunity have changed over the last three years. We theorize autoimmunity in the wake of COVID-19 through approaches that consider the material and experiential phenomenology proliferated by the longue durée of both the experience of COVID-19 infection and the pandemic itself. In this way, we connect our inquiries both to the history of recent epidemics—most notably HIV/AIDS—and to broader philosophical and cultural investigations of what immunity means and does. The writings grouped here focus their attentions in different and complementary ways. Some train their analysis on issues of temporality, others on ontology (Does the virus live?). Still others focus on geopolitics and other fields of specialization such as feminist and queer theory, science and technology studies, disability studies, critical race theory, and health humanities. Taken together, we imagine strategies of care and collective survival through notions of autoimmunity that model different, more queerly entangled and cripped understandings of bodies and environments that reach beyond myths of autonomy and sovereignty, eradication, and cure.

A Pharmacological perspective on the temporal properties of sweeteners

Several non-caloric sweeteners exhibit a delay in sweetness onset and a sweetness linger after sampling. These temporal properties are thought to be the result of non-specific interactions with cell membranes and proteins in the oral cavity. Data and analysis presented in this report also support the potential involvement of receptor affinity and binding kinetics to this phenomenon. In general, affected sweeteners exhibit distinctly higher binding affinity compared to carbohydrate sweeteners, which do not have temporal issues. In addition, binding kinetic simulations illustrate much slower receptor binding association and dissociation kinetics for a set of non-caloric sweeteners presenting temporal issues, in comparison to carbohydrate sweeteners. So, the higher affinity of some non-caloric sweeteners, dictating lower use levels, and affecting binding kinetics, could contribute to their delay and linger in sweetness perception. Simple pharmacology principles could explain, at least in part, some of the temporal issues of sweeteners.

To stay or not to stay at home? The unintended consequences of public health advice for older adults in the context of Covid-19 and urban heat

Stay-at-home advice is one of the most widespread public health solutions to various health risks, including Covid-19 and heat stress. Authorities often direct this recommendation to adults above 65 years old, a group particularly vulnerable to multiple risks. While this advice aims to save lives, when prolonged it also comes with various negative unintended consequences. It increases older adults’ isolation and loneliness, which negatively affects their mental and physical health, as well as their wellbeing and quality of life.This article builds on the findings from two European projects that studied, respectively, Covid-19 responses and adaptation to urban heat. First, we analyze the data from semi-structured interviews about Covid-19 responses and their consequences conducted with local experts in Vienna, Austria, in 2021–22. Second, we analyze the data from focus groups on experiencing and adapting to urban heat conducted with older adults in Warsaw, Poland, in 2021.This article demonstrates why stay-at-home advice might be problematic for older adults who live alone and how it leads to their increased isolation and loneliness when it stops being a short-term measure and becomes a prolonged experience. We examine differences and similarities between the two cases to discuss the shortcomings in care for older and frail people. We argue that public health recommendations should consider the issues of temporality, sociality and inequality when re-implementing the stay-at-home advice in the future. We also demonstrate that measures focusing on community wellbeing, instead of thinking only in terms of individual health and responsibility, might be a way to address those issues.

Time-dependent kinematic reliability of motion mechanisms with dynamic factors

Time-dependent kinematic reliability of a motion mechanism is critical for optimizing its operational performance. Dynamic factors, including material deterioration and wear in the joints, are disregarded in the prior study. As such, the envelope method is employed to undertake time-dependent kinematic reliability analysis of motion mechanisms, accounting for dynamic factors. Firstly, a decoupling strategy is proposed for decoupling the time-dependent motion error stemming from motion input and the dynamic factors. Thus, the kinematic reliability is delineated into two distinct temporal parameter-dependent issues. Subsequently, the envelope function is extended to solve the kinematic reliability. The expansion temporal points determination function (ETPDF) in the envelope function is approximated using a first-order method coupled with an active learning Kriging mode. After the expansion temporal points are found, the time-dependent reliability can be efficiently calculated via a multivariate Gaussian integral. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by means of a 4-bar function generating mechanism.

Sentiment analysis based on long short-term memory model

An important area of natural language processing is text emotion analysis. Emotion analysis is a very meaningful research work and has a broad application prospect, such as social media monitoring, reputation research of commodity brands, market research, and so on. By analyzing the time and content factors of the data, considering the final application scenario, and finally comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the methods, There are three main techniques for analyzing emotions in text: emotion analysis using an emotion dictionary, emotion analysis using machine learning, and emotion analysis using deep learning. Among them, Convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) are examples of deep learning-based techniques. For processing temporal relate issues such as video, speech, and text, CNN algorithms often consume a large amount of computational time, especially for processing image datasets, which may encounter specific problems. To address this issue, RNN is more suitable for solving temporal related issues such as video, voice, and text. In natural language, word order is an extremely important feature. RNN may potentially process sequences of any length, add memory units based on the original neural network, handle pre- and post-word dependencies, and process sequences of any length. The main work is as follows: LSTM adds or deletes unit states through a structure called gate, Determine the experimental thinking of text analysis, Crawl and train data sets through AI Studio, pycharm and other tools.

Framing the barriers to collaborative online international learning implementation: the impact of political, infrastructural, temporal, and experiential factors

ABSTRACT Scholarship indicates that Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) is a cost-effective approach to enhancing students’ intercultural communication competence (ICC). While much has been recently written about COIL’s impact on ICC and its classroom implementation, the barriers which potentially impact student engagement remain underexamined. This exploratory qualitative case study of seven foreign language learners at a rural U.S. public university details barriers to COIL implementation through four frames: political issues related to censorship of preferred communication applications, infrastructural challenges related to unreliable technology, temporal issues related to scheduling and time management, and experiential challenges in adjusting to virtual learning environments.

Sensor-independent LAI/FPAR CDR: reconstructing a global sensor-independent climate data record of MODIS and VIIRS LAI/FPAR from 2000 to 2022

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) are critical biophysical parameters for the characterization of terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term global LAI/FPAR products, such as the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), provide the fundamental dataset for accessing vegetation dynamics and studying climate change. However, existing global LAI/FPAR products suffer from several limitations, including spatial–temporal inconsistencies and accuracy issues. Considering these limitations, this study develops a sensor-independent (SI) LAI/FPAR climate data record (CDR) based on Terra-MODIS/Aqua-MODIS/VIIRS LAI/FPAR standard products. The SI LAI/FPAR CDR covers the period from 2000 to 2022, at spatial resolutions of 500 m/5 km/0.05∘, 8 d/bimonthly temporal frequencies and available in sinusoidal and WGS1984 projections. The methodology includes (i) comprehensive analyses of sensor-specific quality assessment variables to select high-quality retrievals, (ii) application of the spatial–temporal tensor (ST-tensor) completion model to extrapolate LAI and FPAR beyond areas with high-quality retrievals, (iii) generation of SI LAI/FPAR CDR in various projections and various spatial and temporal resolutions, and (iv) evaluation of the CDR by direct comparisons with ground data and indirectly through reproducing results of LAI/FPAR trends documented in the literature. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of each step involved in the generation of the SI LAI/FPAR CDR, as well as evaluation of the ST-tensor completion model. Comparisons of SI LAI (FPAR) CDR with ground truth data suggest an RMSE of 0.84 LAI (0.15 FPAR) units with R2 of 0.72 (0.79), which outperform the standard Terra/Aqua/VIIRS LAI (FPAR) products. The SI LAI/FPAR CDR is characterized by a low time series stability (TSS) value, suggesting a more stable and less noisy dataset than sensor-dependent counterparts. Furthermore, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the CDR is also lower, suggesting that SI LAI/FPAR CDR is comparable in accuracy to high-quality retrievals. LAI/FPAR trend analyses based on the SI LAI/FPAR CDR agree with previous studies, which indirectly provides enhanced capabilities to utilize this CDR for studying vegetation dynamics and climate change. Overall, the integration of multiple satellite data sources and the use of advanced gap filling modeling techniques improve the accuracy of the SI LAI/FPAR CDR, ensuring the reliability of long-term vegetation studies, global carbon cycle modeling, and land policy development for informed decision-making and sustainable environmental management. The SI LAI/FPAR CDR is open access and available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8076540 (Pu et al., 2023a).

Temporality in protection against social risk and legal regulation of social security: domestic and international legal aspects

Considering the issue of temporality in protection against social risk, the authors point out that this activity, which is complex in nature, includes, as one of the most important elements, compensation for social risks mediated by social security law. The conclusion is substantiated that the influence of time on the legal regulation of social security is manifested at two levels. First, time is included in the sectoral legal mechanism in the form of terms, which are associated with the implementation of the right to protection from social risk. These terms, formalized in the rules of law, must be adequate to the social risk, the goals of social security, and the financial and organizational capabilities of the state. Attention is drawn to the fact that the type of terms - the length of service (insurance experience, length of service, etc.) - is especially dependent on the passage of time, since the experience itself is formed in connection with long-term activity. In addition, over time, it is possible to introduce changes to the legislation that directly affect the implementation of social security rights of citizens. This is the second level of the impact of time on the legal regulation of social security - the impact from the outside. As the most striking example of such influence, the reform of the pension system of the Russian Federation is indicated, however, it is emphasized that international agreements on social security, including pensions, concluded by the Russian Federation and the states of the post-Soviet space, over time and as the priorities of the social policy of the state are gradually clarified, lose their force. are being replaced by new agreements that have a serious impact on the realization of citizens' rights. Thus, it is concluded that the problem of temporality in protection against social risk and legal regulation of social security at the domestic and international legal levels is multidimensional and deserves scientific attention.

High-resolution-gridded rainfall dataset derived from surface observation by adjustment of satellite rainfall product

A high-resolution-gridded rainfall dataset is essential for many purposes. Such as analysis of extreme weather conditions, natural-disaster mitigation, or to be used as an input to the hydrological model. Satellite-based rainfall products (e.g., Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation-GSMaP) can solve the spatial and temporal issues despite their rainfall intensity often being under or overestimated. This research aims to provide a high-resolution rainfall dataset by adjusting the 0.1 deg GSMaP rainfall data to the surface rainfall data from several observation points in the greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek) during January 2020 when several flooding occurred in Jakarta. The adjustment process includes calculating the bias between the satellite estimation in the nearest observation point and interpolating the error back to the 0.01 deg grid by using radial basis function (RBF) to obtain the correction factor in every grid point, GSMaP data then adjusted by the correction factor. We implemented the method in January 2020 when several floods occurred in Jakarta. The result reveals a more realistic rainfall spatial distribution than regularly interpolating the observation data. The validation of adjusted rainfall estimation at the verification points also shows a reduction in domain-wide RMSE by 30 – 80%.

Exploring Digital Communication Needs of Local Communities and Self-organized Collectives

Recent work in HCI has explored the use of ICTs for the mobilisation and organisation of values-led communities and social movements. This paper extends this line of work by exploring the design of a communication system for informal, place-based citizen collectives-also referred to as Social Solidarity Movements. The distinctive characteristics of such collectives, namely their decentralised, bottom-up and self-organised organisation, and their lack of monetary resources, pose interesting challenges for communication technology design. The work reported in this paper sought to explore how the values and practices of such collectives can be embodied in mobile communication tools. A system was designed to mirror on-the-ground informal organisational structures, its primary goal being to serve as a probe for research and discussion. Our findings highlight the diversity of channels and organisational structures prevailing in these contexts, their participatory nature, and issues of temporality, anonymity, privacy, and trust, all of which must be considered when designing technologies to support cooperative work. We contribute methodological insights and design implications for mobile technologies underpinning the work of social collectives and their practices.

Impacts of the 2022 War in Ukraine on the Travel Habits of Ukrainian Tourists

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore how the travel habits of Ukrainian tourists changed after the beginning of the 2022 war in Ukraine in comparison to the year 2021. The theoretical part of the paper discusses the impacts of war on tourism; in the empirical part, the secondary and the primary research on the Ukrainians’ travel habits before and during the war is performed. The research gives an insight into the frequency of travelling, planned spending on travel, ethnic dilemmas on travelling, and travel destinations. The research is essential in the context of war and post-war periods for understanding the psychological and behavioral effects, assessing economic consequences, addressing destination marketing and recovery efforts, and facilitating reconciliation and social integration. Research limitations include the scope and generalizability of the findings, self-reporting biases, causality and temporal issues, and limited timeframe and context.

DisCoVQA: Temporal Distortion-Content Transformers for Video Quality Assessment

Compared with spatial counterparts, temporal relationships between frames and their influences on video quality assessment (VQA) are still relatively under-studied in existing works. These relationships lead to two important types of effects for video quality. Firstly, some meaningless temporal variations (such as shaking, flicker, and unsmooth scene transitions) cause temporal distortions that degrade quality of videos. Secondly, the human visual system often has different attention to frames with different contents, resulting in their different importance to the overall video quality. Based on prominent time-series modeling ability of transformers, we propose a novel and effective transformer-based VQA method to tackle these two issues. To better differentiate temporal variations and thus capture the temporal distortions, we design the Spatial-Temporal Distortion Extraction (STDE) module that extracts multi-level spatial-temporal features with a video swin transformer tiny (Swin-T) backbone and uses temporal difference layer to further capture these distortions. To tackle with temporal quality attention, we propose the encoder-decoder-like temporal content transformer (TCT). We also introduce the temporal sampling on features to reduce the input length for the TCT, so as to improve the learning effectiveness and efficiency of this module. Consisting of the STDE and the TCT, the proposed Temporal Distortion-Content Transformers for Video Quality Assessment ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DisCoVQA</i> ) reaches state-of-the-art performance on several VQA benchmarks without any extra pre-training datasets and up to 10% better generalization ability than existing methods. We also conduct extensive ablation experiments to prove the effectiveness of each part in our proposed model, and provide visualizations to prove that the proposed modules achieve our intention on modeling these temporal issues. Our code is published at https://github.com/QualityAssessment/DisCoVQA.

Extending Soundwalking Practice: Soundsitting as an Inclusive and Complementary Method to Soundwalking

This paper proposes the ‘soundsit’ as an alternative method to be used independently or in conjunction with current soundwalking methodological practice. The soundsit seeks to address the limits of the soundwalking method in relation to issues of transition, changing context, event occurrence, temporality, and inclusivity. Soundwalking and soundsitting are both methods of experiencing soundscape: soundwalking involves exploring and listening to the sounds of the environment while moving through it, while soundsitting involves sitting still in a particular place and listening to the sounds that exist in situ. The soundsit provides the participant or researcher with a fixed perspective and place to observe and experience sounds, within a defined soundscape context, enabling them to gain a longer-term experiential understanding of a space. Analogous with acoustic measurements, soundsitting is comparable to capturing average energy equivalent sound level LAeq measurements in allowing the perception of and activities within a soundscape to settle into a steady state. Beyond obtaining a longer-term impression of a chosen sound environment, soundsitting allows for a participant to disengage with the visual, which allows for deeper engagement and focus when listening to a soundscape; in addition, soundsitting removes the safety implications and distractions of walking practice and, as such, is a more inclusive form of activity, allowing those who are unable to walk to engage in the practice. The static nature of the listening experience allows for a different type of immersion through engaged active listening, something which is not possible on a soundwalk, allowing for deeper qualitative analysis and insight into the soundscape of a specific space or location. The primary findings show with test group of n = 6 that both methods are effective soundscape study tools, and further work with diverse groups is required.