Temperature-sensitive Behavior Research Articles

A missense mutation in the tyrosinase gene explains acromelanism in domesticated canaries.

Acromelanism is a form of albinism observed in several vertebrate species. In mammals, acromelanism is known to be caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR) that induce a temperature-sensitive behavior of melanin synthesis, resulting in a characteristic hair color gradient. In birds, several phenotypes consistent with acromelanism have been reported, but their genetic basis remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the genetic basis of an acromelanistic phenotype in domesticated canaries known as pearl and test whether it is caused by the same molecular mechanism described for mammals. To do this, we compared the genomes of pearl and non-pearl canaries and searched for potentially causative genetic mutations. Our results suggest that the pearl phenotype is caused by a mutation in the TYR gene encoding a TYR-P45H missense substitution. Our findings further suggest that reports of acromelanism in other bird species might be explained by TYR mutations.

A novel strategy inspired by Luban lock towards endowing polyzwitterionic electrolyte hydrogel with UCST behaviors

The electrostatic interaction in polyzwitterionic electrolyte hydrogels is the prerequisite for materials to exhibit temperature-sensitive behaviors. Few reports mention the potential temperature-sensitive properties of these hydrogels, although amounts of polyzwitterionic electrolyte hydrogels with bright prospects in advanced fields have been reported. PMAD (copolymer of AM, AA and DMC) is a typical polyzwitterionic electrolyte, which is taken as an example to elucidate the essential conditions for the UCST behaviors of polyzwitterionic electrolyte hydrogels. The temperature-sensitive properties of PMAD hydrogels depends on the tight stacking of zwitterionic polymer chains, while the introduction of chemical crosslinker could limit the movement of PMAD chains and increase the difficulty of forming effective electrostatic interactions between zwitterionic segments resulting in the disappearance of UCST behaviors. Accordingly, the strategy inspired by the Chinese Luban lock for compressing the distance of PMAD chains by utilizing the “mortise-tenon” structure could recovery the UCST behaviors of PMAD and are expected to endow more polyzwitterionic electrolyte hydrogels with temperature-responsive properties.

Fabrication and properties of conductive films based on bacterial cellulose and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-modified graphene oxide

A conductive film (PNIPAM-rGO/BC) was fabricated combining bacterial cellulose (BC) with poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-modified graphene oxide (PNIPAM-GO) through vacuum filtration and steam reduction techniques. The conductivity and performance of PNIPAM-GO composite and the resulting conductive film were studied. The key findings revealed that PNIPAM-GO composite exhibited a reversible temperature-sensitive behavior. Specifically, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) increased upon the introduction of graphene oxide (GO). Detailed analyses confirmed uniform dispersion of GO nanosheets within the BC matrix. The incorporation of 10.0 % PNIPAM-GO (containing 7.0 % GO) led to a remarkable 19.6 % increase in tensile strength and approximately 37.0 % enhancement in elongation at break for the conductive film (PNIPAM-rGO/BC) compared to BC. After steam reduction, the electrical conductivity of PNIPAM-rGO/BC exhibited significant improvement over BC. Furthermore, the conductive film demonstrated temperature-dependent conductivity, with a resistivity value approximately 5.2 ± 0.2 KΩ at 25 °C. As the test temperature above the LCST of PNIPAM-GO composite, the resistance decreased. These intriguing temperature-sensitive conductive properties position PNIPAM-rGO/BC as a promising material for smart switches.

Intrinsically disordered sequences can tune fungal growth and the cell cycle for specific temperatures

Temperature can impact every reaction essential to a cell. For organisms that cannot regulate their own temperature, adapting to temperatures that fluctuate unpredictably and on variable timescales is a major challenge. Extremes in the magnitude and frequency of temperature changes are increasing across the planet, raising questions as to how the biosphere will respond. To examine mechanisms of adaptation to temperature, we collected wild isolates from different climates of the fungus Ashbya gossypii, which has a compact genome of only ∼4,600 genes. We found control of the nuclear division cycle and polarized morphogenesis, both critical processes for fungal growth, were temperature sensitive and varied among the isolates. The phenotypes were associated with naturally varying sequences within the glutamine-rich region (QRR) IDR of an RNA-binding protein called Whi3. This protein regulates both nuclear division and polarized growth via its ability to form biomolecular condensates. In cells and in cell-free reconstitution assays, we found that temperature tunes the properties of Whi3-based condensates. Exchanging Whi3 sequences between isolates was sufficient to rescue temperature-sensitive phenotypes, and specifically, a heptad repeat sequence within the QRR confers temperature-sensitive behavior. Together, these data demonstrate that sequence variation in the size and composition of an IDR can promote cell adaptation to growth at specific temperature ranges. These data demonstrate the power of IDRs as tuning knobs for rapid adaptation to environmental fluctuations.

Multifunctional basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites with in-situ damage self-sensing and temperature-sensitive behavior

In this work, a multifunctional basalt fiber reinforced polymer composite (BFRP) with damage self-sensing and temperature-sensitive behavior was developed. Firstly, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited on basalt fibers (BF) by electrostatic self-assembly. Then, strong shear forces were applied during melt mixing with polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) to construct a structure of CNTs surrounding the BF (CSB). This CSB structure endowed the composite with a low percolation threshold (0.82 wt% CNTs), a high conductivity (1.53 × 10−2 S/m at 1.12 wt% CNTs) and enhanced mechanical properties. The combination of resistance and acoustic emission real-time measurements confirmed that the composite achieved an excellent damage self-sensing capability with a maximum gauge factor (GF) of 7.68. Moreover, the composite exhibited a temperature-sensitive behavior with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 0.542 %/°C. This study provides a significant guidance for the development of multifunctional BFRP with damage self-sensing and temperature sensitive behavior.

Design of smart temperature-sensitive terpolymeric hydrogel for multi-applications in liquid chromatography

Hydrogels with a unique three-dimensional network structure have been widely used in a variety of fields. However, hydrogels are prone to swelling under water-rich conditions, which severely limits their application in liquid chromatography. Therefore, producing a hydrogel with reliable performance and good mechanical property is essential. Smart temperature-sensitive chromatographic packings have attracted extensive attentions in recent years. In this work, sodium 4-styrenesulfonate and 1-octadecene were introduced into the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel to improve mechanical property and separation performance. As a consequence, a smart temperature-sensitive terpolymeric hydrogel modified silica stationary phase (ION-hydrogel@SiO2) was synthesized for multimode liquid chromatographic separation. It was found that this new ION-hydrogel@SiO2 column exhibited excellent chromatographic separation ability for a wide range of analytes. To a certain extent, this new column has a higher chromatographic separation efficiency compared to the commercial C18 column and XAmide column. Moreover, the use of low proportion of organic phase in chromatographic separation is conducive to the realization of green chromatography. By investigating the chromatographic separation mechanism, it has been demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding interaction is primarily responsible for the temperature-sensitive behavior of the hydrogel. Finally, the ION-hydrogel@SiO2 column was used for the determination of pyridoxine in the commercially available tablet samples. In conclusion, this study presents a feasible idea for the development of novel copolymer hydrogels as liquid chromatographic stationary phases.

Investigation of dynamic scaling behavior, electrocaloric performance, and pyroelectric energy storage of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 ceramic

In this current study, comprehensive investigations were carried out to examine the pyroelectric energy storage, electrocaloric performance, and temperature-sensitive scaling behavior of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.10Ti0.9O3 ceramics synthesized by mixed oxide route. Tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetries were concurrently present with the presence of a single perovskite material under ambient conditions, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement investigations. The scanning electron micrograph reveals distinct, pore-free grain structures. The dielectric performance shows a temperature-dependent characteristic with a diffuse phase transition. The temperature-sensitive behavior of ferroelectric hysteresis was analyzed with a variety of applied electric fields. The pyroelectric energy storage capabilities were assessed using the Olsen cycle for calculation. Furthermore, figures of merit (FoMs) for pyroelectric properties, including responsivity (Fv), current responsivity (Fi), energy harvesting (Fe), new energy harvesting (Fe*), and detectivity (Fd), were computed. An indirect method based on the thermodynamic Maxwell's relation was employed to analyze the changes in adiabatic temperature, isothermal entropy, and electrocaloric strength. The scaling relationships for ferroelectric hysteresis, specifically about the coercive field (EC), remnant polarization (Pr), and hysteresis area (<A>), were methodically explored across varying temperatures (T). The power-law temperature exponents were found for all the associated hysteresis parameters.

Castor seed-derived luminescent carbon nanoparticles for metal ion detection and temperature sensing applications

In the current study, castor seeds are used as a first-time natural precursor in the hydrothermal process of making carbon nanoparticles. The produced nanoparticles have a non-uniform size distribution with an average diameter of 13 nm and a roughly spherical shape. They comprise a variety of functional groups containing carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Their spectra have peaks at 524 nm and 441 nm for their emission and excitation, respectively. They exhibit temperature-sensitive Photoluminescence (PL) behaviour, high quantum yield value (24%), and excitation-dependent emission. In high salt environments, UV radiation, storage time, and fluorescent light they provide exceptional photostability. They have been used in applications for metal ion and thermal sensing. With a limit of detection (LOD) value of 18 μM, they are found to be both sensitive and selective to Fe3+ ions. Additionally, a nanothermosensor with good recovery and a broad temperature range (5 °C–85 °C) has also been demonstrated with a thermal sensitivity of 0.54% °C−1 based on their temperature-sensitive behaviour.

Spectral Tunability, Luminescence Enhancement, and Temperature Sensitivity of Sb3+-Doped Bismuth-Based Halide Emission Crystals for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications.

The synthesis of sustainable luminescent materials with simplicity, low energy consumption, and nontoxicity is of great importance in the field of chemistry and materials science. In this study, a room temperature evaporation method was employed to synthesize Sb3+-doped bismuth-based halide emission crystals, allowing for investigation of spectral tuning, luminescence enhancement, and temperature sensitivity. By substitution of Rb+ with varying concentrations of Cs+ in Rb3BiCl6 (RBC), the luminescent color of the crystals can be tuned from orange to yellow. The resulting alloyed yellow-emitting crystals were identified as Rb2CsBiCl6 (RCBC). Remarkably, when one-third of the Rb+ ions were replaced by Cs+ in the RBC, the crystals exhibited improved thermal stability and a 20-fold increase in luminescence intensity. The temperature-sensitive behavior was observed for RBC:Sb, with emission shifting from 590 to 574 nm upon heating while the yellow emission of RCBC:Sb exhibited no significant peak shift with temperature. Notably, the yellow emission of RBC:Sb could be reversibly converted back to orange light upon cooling to room temperature. In contrast, RCBC:Sb exhibited no significant peak shift with temperature. The differential temperature sensitivity between RBC:Sb and RCBC:Sb offers potential applications in anti-counterfeiting measures.

An injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel of PNICL-PEG-PNICL block copolymer as a sustained release carrier of EGCG

Biodegradable in situ thermo-sensitive hydrogels have potential applications in ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparations. Herein, a thermo-gel of PNICL-PEG-PNICL loaded with the natural compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) used as a drug sustained release carrier was prepared by block bending strategy. Compared to mono polymers that cannot form a gel, mixing two block copolymers through a block blending strategy allows for the preparation of thermo-sensitive hydrogels. The temperature sensitive behavior of the system can be easily regulated by varying the blending ratios of the two polymers. Furthermore, the internal structure of the gel was investigated that indicated the system formed a permeable network through micelle aggregation. The biosafety of the system and its ability to sustainably release EGCG at 37 °C for 240 h were preliminarily demonstrated in vitro. This study has revealed the internal structural changes of block blending thermo-gels and tentatively justified their potential as drug carriers.

Nanoelectromechanical Temperature Sensor Based on Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Graphene Film

The substrate impurities scattering will lead to unstable temperature-sensitive behavior and poor linearity in graphene temperature sensors. And this can be weakened by suspending the graphene structure. Herein, we report a graphene temperature sensing structure, with suspended graphene membranes fabricated on the cavity and non-cavity SiO2/Si substrate, using monolayer, few-layer, and multilayer graphene. The results show that the sensor provides direct electrical readout from temperature to resistance transduction by the nano piezoresistive effect in graphene. And the cavity structure can weaken the substrate impurity scattering and thermal resistance effect, which results in better sensitivity and wide-range temperature sensing. In addition, monolayer graphene is almost no temperature sensitivity. And the few-layer graphene temperature sensitivity, lower than that of the multilayer graphene cavity structure (3.50%/°C), is 1.07%/°C. This work demonstrates that piezoresistive in suspended graphene membranes can effectively enhance the sensitivity and widen the temperature sensor range in NEMS temperature sensors.

Physicochemical insights into cloud point phenomenon of Triton X-100 on carbon nanofibers

Triton X-100 exhibits wide application potential as emulsifier, foaming and dispersion agent which are hampered by its temperature-sensitive behavior. It is a manifestation of the cloud point (CP) phenomenon of Triton X-100. Carbon nanomaterials are frequently dispersed with Triton X-100; however, the temperature-driven self-assembly behavior of the surfactant has never been discussed on such nanomaterials. The shape of Triton X-100 micellar aggregates in an aqueous medium or at the surfaces in itself is not clear and needs further explorations. The present study is performed to address both of these facets of Triton X-100. It discusses the CP phenomenon of Triton X-100 on carbon nanofibers (CNF) in an aqueous medium and at the surface of dispersed and acid-modified CNF at high temperature. For the very first time, the spherical-shaped micelles of Triton X-100 are visualized on CNF in an aqueous medium via FESEM and HRTEM studies. At the surface of CNF, the hemispherical-shaped micellar aggregates are formed. This unique behavior is attributed to the surface area and special morphological features of CNF, geometry, concentration and temperature-sensitive behavior of Triton X-100. It is hoped that this study will lead to better understanding of the interfacial mechanisms between Triton X-100 and carbon nanomaterials. The modified CNF exhibited good mechanical strength also so they are expected to foster thriving research fields such as flexible electronics.

Synthesis and characterization of PnVCL grafted agar with potential temperature-sensitive delivery of Doxorubicin

Thermo-responsive copolymer, Agar agar-graft-poly(N-vinylcaproactam) (AA-g-PnVCL) was prepared by grafting N-vinylcaprolactam units onto the Agar backbone. Graft copolymer was synthesized by free-radical polymerization, using 2,2′-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) as an initiator in the nitrogen atmosphere. In order to evaluate the composition effect different ratios between Agar agar, nVCL and AMVN were used. The formation of AA-g-PnVCL was confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, 1H NMR, and XRD techniques. Viscosity average molecular weight (Mη‾) was determined after the measurement of intrinsic viscosity. Turbidity measurements of dilute aqueous solutions were used to determine the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the new polymer. The grafting was evaluated by estimation of the percentage of grafting, grafting efficiency and percentage of conversion. One of the prepared polymer models (dried powder Model 4 with AA/VCL ratio 1:20 and VCL/AMVN ratio 20:1) showed the desired temperature-sensitive behavior (LCST 40 °C) and was further characterized. Its swelling was investigated with the determination of swelling indices in different media and at different temperatures. SEM images of dried and lyophilized gels were taken in order to investigate the morphology of the systems. Viscous and elastic moduli were determined at different temperatures for gel characterization. Doxorubicin (Dox) was chosen as a model drug and it was formulated into an injectable gel drug delivery system. Its loading and in vitro drug release was studied. The cytotoxicity of the proposed Dox loaded Model 4 was further characterized by the MTT test on H9c2 cardio blasts. The results showed successful preparation of a new temperature-sensitive polymer AA-g-PnVCL. Model 4 showed sufficient grafting efficiency and desired LCST for potential application as a modified drug delivery carrier. The proposed dosage form showed delayed release at 25° and 37 °C and rapid release at 40 °C. These results suggest that AA-g-PnVCL could be a potential stimuli-responsive material for controlled drug delivery in tumor chemotherapy with reduced cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin.

Crystal plasticity modeling of strain-induced martensitic transformations to predict strain rate and temperature sensitive behavior of 304 L steels: Applications to tension, compression, torsion, and impact

This paper advances crystallographically-based Olson-Cohen (direct γ → α’) and deformation mechanism (indirect γ→ε→α’) phase transformation models for predicting strain-induced austenite to martensite transformation. The advanced transformation models enable predictions of not only strain-path sensitive, but also of strain-rate and temperature sensitive deformation of polycrystalline stainless steels (SSs). The deformation of constituent grains in SSs is modeled as a combination of anisotropic elasticity, crystallographic slip, and phase transformation, while the hardening is based on the evolution of dislocation density and explicit shifts in phase fractions. Such grain-scale deformation is implemented within the meso‑scale elasto-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) homogenization model, which is coupled with the implicit finite element (FE) method to provide a constitutive response at each FE integration point for solving boundary value problems at the macro-scale. Parameters pertaining to the hardening and transformation models within FE-EPSC are calibrated and validated on a suite of data including flow curves and phase fractions for monotonic compression, tension, and torsion as a function of strain-rate and temperature for wrought and additively manufactured (AM) SS304L. To illustrate the potential and accuracy of the integrated multi-level FE-EPSC simulation framework, geometry, mechanical response, phase fractions, and texture evolution are simulated during gas-gun impact deformation of a cylinder and quasi-static tension of a notched specimen made of AM SS304L. Details of the simulation framework, comparison between experimental and simulation results, and insights from the results are presented and discussed.

Evaluation of Tensile properties of FRP Composite Laminates under Varying Strain Rates and Temperatures

The present investigation deals with the characterization of tensile behavior of various Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites under Thermo-Mechanical loading. Five different types of Uni-Directional (UD) composites of Carbon, Glass, Carbon-Glass hybrid and Metal Laminates of Carbon &amp; Glass were tested for tensile behavior. Tensile tests were performed at strain rates of 10-3, 10-2, &amp; 10-1 s-1 at Room Temperature,250 0C and 450 0C. Stress-strain relations reveal the strain rate and temperature sensitive behavior of composites. Glass, Glass-Carbon, Glass-metal epoxy composites showed higher peak tensile stress under room temperature with varying strain rates as compared to neat carbon epoxy composites. Also, high strain rate tensile properties such as peak stress and peak strain of Glass-Carbon-Epoxy specimens were 26%, and 60% higher than that of the neat carbon epoxy composite. The failure mechanisms of both the composites were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. The composites mainly failed due to matrix crack within elastic range under room temperature and failed with significant plastic deformation of matrix and fibers under test temperatures 250 0C and 450 0C. Finally, this study reveals that the continuous phase of metal layer embedded between Uni-Directional Glass and Carbon fiber, based composite system can be tailored to act as an energy-absorbing material system under both elastic and plastic stress strain regimes.

Experimental study on the temperature-sensitive behavior of poly-n-isopropylacrylamide/graphene oxide composites and the flexible conductive cotton fabrics

This work focused on the development and characterization of poly-n-isopropylacrylamide/graphene oxide composite (PNIPAM-GO) which was prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of n-isopropylacrylamide and graphene oxide (GO). It was then compounded on cotton fabrics by dip-drying layer group method to prepare PNIPAM-GO/cotton fabrics, which were further reduced by hydrazine hydrate to obtain PNIPAM-rGO/cotton conductive fabrics. The conductivity of flexible conductive fabrics and performance of PNIPAM-GO composite were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that PNIPAM-GO composites have reversible temperature-sensitive response, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM-GO composites increased with the introduction of GO. With increasing of dip-drying cycles, the resistance value of PNIPAM-rGO/cotton fabrics decreased, which decreased from 908.3 KΩ with 5 dip-drying cycle processes to 162.5 KΩ with 15 dip-drying cycle processes at 25 °C. Besides, PNIPAM-rGO/cotton fabrics have temperature-sensitive conductivity, the resistance value decreased when testing temperature above LCST. The results also show that the resistance value changed reversibly with the changing of testing temperature above or below the LCST of PNIPAM-GO. Therefore, PNIPAM-rGO/cotton fabrics have potential development in flexible conductive materials in temperature control valve.

Multifunctional silver nanowire coated fabric capable of electrothermal, resistance temperature-sensitivity, electromagnetic interference shielding, and strain sensing

The integration of high conductive networks and textiles has become a favorable technical route to fulfill the objectives of wearable electronics. Herein, high stretchable and recoverable PET fabric coated with a layer of silver nanowire network by a simple and scalable polyol-method is provided. The electrothermal performance, resistance temperature-sensitivity, electromagnetic shielding performance, strain sensing, and washability of silver nanowire (AgNWs)/PET fabrics with different coating times were performed. The conductivity of the fabric coated AgNWs of 2.8 mg/cm2 is as high as 175 S/m, the EMI shielding effectiveness is 37 dB, and it gives a highly sensitive strain response to human movement (gauge factor of −6.16 under 10% strain) and an underwater oil repellent angle of 125°. The heating temperature can reach above 100°C within 27 s under an applied current of 0.10 A. In addition, an excellent linearity of the resistance temperature-sensitive behavior for AgNWs/PET fabrics is obtained, and fabric Ag-5 gives a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −0.05%/°C. Knitted fabric with multi-function is obtained by use of silver nanowire coating. This method provides a simple, low-cost and easy-to-scalable process for the production of electronic textiles, such as fabric heater, microwave blocker, sensor, and other technologies.

Multi-stimuli-sensitive superparamagnetic κ-carrageenan based nanoparticles for controlled 5-fluorouracil delivery

Herein, a novel multi-stimuli-sensitive nanoparticles with triple magnetic field, temperature, and pH-sensitive features was designed and developed as a drug nanocarrier for delivery of 5-fluorouracil (FL). For this purpose, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) was firstly grafted onto κ-carrageenan (κ-CG), and then κ-CG-g-PDMA copolymer was coated onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles via microwave-supported coprecipitation method. The prepared multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, TEM, Zeta-sizer, and VSM analyses to confirm the formation of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@κ-CG-g-PDMA structure. The in vitro FL release of the nanoparticles was investigated at 48 and 37 °C in different pH conditions and exhibited good pH- and temperature-sensitive behavior. Furthermore, the effects of graft yield and magnetic field on FL release were explored. When the magnetic field was applied at 100 kHz, the release of FL increased rapidly, demonstrating that nanoparticles had magnetic field-sensitive features. According to the results, the designed Fe3O4@κ-CG-g-PDMA@FL nanoparticles can be considered as a “smart” drug delivery system for cancer therapy due to its high entrapment efficiency, slow and multi-stimuli-triggered FL release performance, and satisfactory magnetic properties.

Electric heating behavior of flexible knitted fabrics comprising reduced graphene oxide, with emphasis on resistance temperature-sensitive behavior and decoupling of contact resistance

Electric fabric heaters have demonstrated potential applications in a wide range of fields for medical electrothermal, human healthcare and athletic rehabilitation. Whereas, little attention has been paid to the resistance variations and the interface of electric heaters. Here, this paper focuses on the resistance temperature-sensitive behavior and interfacial electricity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/polyester (PET) fabrics, which are obatained through a facile and scalable dip-coating method. When a current of 0.055 ampere (A) is applied, the RGO/PET fabric can achieve an equilibrium temperature about 89 °C in 20 s, with a maximum heating rate of 11.78 °C/s. Besides, the relative resistance changes of RGO/PET fabric are linearly related to the temperature. When the RGO/PET fabric reaches its steady-state temperature of 89 °C, the value of ΔR/R0 drops by ∼30%, showing that the fabric is endowed with temperature sensitivity. These prominent results indicate that the RGO/PET fabric owns great promise in the field of wearable electric heaters. Notably, the contact resistance at the interface of RGO/PET fabric heater is investigated and the mechanism of the temperature in middle part of heater is higher than that of both ends is analyzed. This provides a qualitative decoupling analysis method for the study and analysis of interfacial electricity and electrothermal distribution of carbon materials.

Electromagnetic shielding, resistance temperature-sensitive behavior, and decoupling of interfacial electricity for reduced graphene oxide paper

Electromagnetic shielding behavior, resistance temperature-sensitive behavior, interfacial electricity, and their variations with heating treatment of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) paper are of concern. Herein, self-assembling RGO papers were prepared by solution-phase deposition method. An electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMSE) of 64 dB shielding (corresponding to a SE/Grammage of 7032 dB/(g/cm2)) covering X-band (8–12 GHz) were obtained. In addition, resistance temperature-sensitive behavior of RGO paper is investigated, and equivalent circuit model is established to decouple interface electricity. The relative resistance variations of RGO paper is caused by the temperature, and the value of ∆R/R0 drops by around 36% when the RGO paper temperature increase from 200 °C to 800 °C. This graphene-based paper provides a simple experimental approach to prepare graphene papers with remarkable electromagnetic shielding performances. More importantly, a qualitative decoupling analysis method is provided for the study and analysis of interfacial electricity. These results and decoupling method can provide useful data and method for carbon-based microwave blockers, sensors and other technologies.