Investigation of dynamic scaling behavior, electrocaloric performance, and pyroelectric energy storage of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 ceramic

Abstract

In this current study, comprehensive investigations were carried out to examine the pyroelectric energy storage, electrocaloric performance, and temperature-sensitive scaling behavior of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.10Ti0.9O3 ceramics synthesized by mixed oxide route. Tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetries were concurrently present with the presence of a single perovskite material under ambient conditions, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement investigations. The scanning electron micrograph reveals distinct, pore-free grain structures. The dielectric performance shows a temperature-dependent characteristic with a diffuse phase transition. The temperature-sensitive behavior of ferroelectric hysteresis was analyzed with a variety of applied electric fields. The pyroelectric energy storage capabilities were assessed using the Olsen cycle for calculation. Furthermore, figures of merit (FoMs) for pyroelectric properties, including responsivity (Fv), current responsivity (Fi), energy harvesting (Fe), new energy harvesting (Fe*), and detectivity (Fd), were computed. An indirect method based on the thermodynamic Maxwell's relation was employed to analyze the changes in adiabatic temperature, isothermal entropy, and electrocaloric strength. The scaling relationships for ferroelectric hysteresis, specifically about the coercive field (EC), remnant polarization (Pr), and hysteresis area (<A>), were methodically explored across varying temperatures (T). The power-law temperature exponents were found for all the associated hysteresis parameters.