Temperature Coefficient Research Articles

Curvature-Compensated Bandgap Voltage Reference with Low Temperature Coefficient

Resistance errors in bandgap reference (BGR) circuits often cause deviations in design indicators, and it is true that utilizing various compensation techniques mitigates the impact of resistance errors. In this paper, an original BGR circuit with 180 nm BCD processing is presented, which uses an improved high-order compensation and curvature compensation. The proposed BGR contains four main blocks, including a start-up stage, a first-order temperature compensation stage, a high-order temperature compensation stage, and a curvature compensation stage. Meanwhile, a trimming resistor array structure is designed to revise the temperature coefficient (TC) deviation of the test output voltage from the theoretical design value. Through wafer-level laser trimming technology, the measurement results are achieved with very little difference from the theoretical design value. The proposed BGR provides a stable reference voltage at 1.25 V with a low TC and strong power supply rejection (PSR). Within temperatures ranging from −45 °C to 125 °C, the measured TC shows an optimal value at 4.2 ppm/°C and the measured PSR shows −100 dB.

Thermal Analysis of Acousto-Optic Modulators and Its Influence on Ultra-Stable Lasers

Acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) have been widely used in ultra-stable lasers (USLs) for optimizing its performances. A thermal theoretical model of the AOM, which is made by TeO2, was established. Based on the model, the temperature coefficients of the diffraction angle and efficiency were calculated to be 4.051 μrad/°C and 0.018%/°C. The influences of thermal effects of the AOM on USLs’ cavity coupling and frequency stability were firstly studied. A 1 °C temperature change in the AOM results in a 0.31 Hz frequency fluctuation of the laser within the USL cavity. Simulation and experimental results indicate that, to achieve USLs’ optimal performance, thermal effects of AOMs within the system must be addressed and managed.

Tl2XY (X, Y = S, Se) monolayers with low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance by full-band approach with four scattering mechanisms

Abstract The low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance of the Janus Tl2SSe monolayer in the temperature region of 300–700 K are identified based on the thermoelectric properties of the Tl2S2, Tl2SSe, and Tl2Se2 monolayers. The transport coefficients for carrier concentrations and temperatures are obtained by solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation in a full-band electronic structure. Four scattering mechanisms of acoustic deformation potential, optical deformation potential, polar optical phonon, and ionized impurity scatterings are considered. The ionized impurity scattering is recognized as the most important. The lattice thermal conductivity of the Janus Tl2SSe monolayer is substantially smaller than those of the Tl2S2, Tl2Se2 monolayers with higher symmetry. Moreover, we find that the Janus structures of the Tl2SSe monolayer increase the dielectronic constants and enhance the polar optical phonon scattering, then reduce the power factor to some extent. Therefore, the lattice thermal conductivity actually couples with the transport coefficient and cannot be individually regulated as is usually assumed. However, the ZT value of the Tl2SSe monolayer can still reach 1.77 at 700 K even if the intrinsic concentration and the bipolar effect are included. Therefore, the Tl2SSe monolayer is expected to be a promising candidate for thermoelectric materials.

Microwave dielectric properties of Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system with low‐sintering temperature

AbstractThis study examines the low‐loss and temperature‐stable Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system, synthesized via a solid‐state process at low‐sintering temperatures ranging from 840°C to 900°C The structure, microstructure and microwave properties of the Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) ceramics as a function of the sintering temperature were studied. The results of XRD patterns and microstructure characterization showed that the main phase in compositions belong to tetragonal scheelite and tetragonal structure. The ceramic composition Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce), sintered at 840°C–900°C for 2 hours, demonstrated excellent microwave dielectric properties, exhibiting relative dielectric constant (εr) of 13.9–14.4, Q × f value of about 31 100 (at 9.66 GHz) – 48 600 GHz (at 9.33 GHz), and temperature coefficient of –8.1 to –1 ppm/°C. Our work designs temperature‐stable microwave dielectric ceramics with low‐sintering temperature for LTCC technology applications.

A Robust Low‐Power Power‐On‐Reset Circuit With Dual Threshold Method

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a robust low‐power power‐on‐reset (POR) circuit with dual threshold method is proposed. The current‐based circuit exhibits good robustness with respect to process, voltage, temperature, and supply ramp variations. In contrast to conventional delay‐based pulse generation approaches, a dual threshold method is introduced to generate POR and brown‐out‐reset (BOR) pulse signals, resulting in ultralow quiescent current and a compact area. Implemented in the 55‐nm CMOS process, the proposed circuit achieves an accurate trigger‐point voltage with a temperature coefficient of 90.4 ppm/°C and a deviation to the ramp time of 2.9% for a range from 100 μs to 1 s. Furthermore, the quiescent current and active area are 0.3 nA and 4834 μm2, respectively, making it particularly suitable for energy harvesting systems.

Outdoor Performance Monitoring Method for Degradation Studies of Perovskite Modules

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an outdoor performance monitoring method for degradation studies of perovskite modules, focusing on a large‐area perovskite module (81.9 cm2) over a long‐term monitoring campaign. The module underwent an industrial lamination process to prevent long‐term degradation from environmental factors. The characterization procedure involved degradation correction and determining the temperature coefficients and electrical parameters of the module using initial days of measurements. The results demonstrated temperature coefficients for Isc, Voc, and Pm (α′, β′, and γ) of −0.071%·K−1, −0.119%·K−1, and −0.113%·K−1, respectively, indicating a minimal temperature influence on this technology compared with conventional ones. Using this coefficient, the STC electrical parameters were retrieved from 1‐min power output data, resolving the uncertainty of the indoor/outdoor IV curve measurements caused by the curve scan direction (JV hysteresis effect). We also highlight the initial remarkable capacity recovery effect of almost 16% during the first 2 days of operation. Additionally, a procedure that includes the IV curves analysis taken every 10 min and their translation to standard conditions has been implemented to evaluate the degradation of the module over the long‐term outdoor campaign. The results show three different trends over the period.

Features of the change in the thermal coefficient of electrical resistance upon heating electrically conductive composites of crystallizable polyolefins with carbon black

Objectives. To investigate electrically conductive polymer composite materials (EPCMs) based on crystallizable polyolefins and electrically conductive carbon black for the production of self-regulating heaters; to study the mechanism of the occurrence of positive and negative temperature coefficients (PTC and NTC) upon heating such composites.Methods. A comprehensive study of the structure and properties of crystallizable EPCMs with electrically conductive technical carbon was carried out. In order to measure the electrical characteristics of the composites, they were compacted into plates to model polymer heaters. Contact electrodes made of an ungreased brass mesh were embedded in their ends. The temperature dependencies of the electrical characteristics of the samples were investigated in a modified thermal chamber of an FWV 633.10 Vicat softening temperature meter. The change in the degree of crystallinity was analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry with a NETZSCH DSC 204 F1 Phoenix calorimeter. The dilatometric and rheological characteristics of the samples were studied using an IIRT-AM melt flow index tester.Results. It was determined that the self-regulation ability (an abnormally high positive thermal coefficient of electrical resistance) of selfregulating heaters made of composites of crystallizable polyolefins with electrically conductive technical carbon cannot be explained by the thermal expansion of EPCMs alone. It was shown that in crystallizable polyolefin-based EPCMs, the inversion of the thermal coefficients of electrical resistance (transition from PTC to NTC) is associated with a change in the aggregate state of EPCMs and the beginning of its transition to a viscous-flow state. A mechanism involving a sharp increase in the electrical resistance of self-regulating crystallizable polyolefin-based composite with electrically conductive technical carbon was proposed and substantiated. This mechanism takes into account the additional shear deformation effect produced on the crystalline phase of the EPCM by numerous expanding melt microvolumes formed at the early stages of the melting process with a minimum change in the degree of crystallinity.

Preparation of chlorinated polyethylene/carbon black/benzoxazine composites with positive temperature coefficient effects

Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)/carbon black (CB)/ benzoxazine composites with Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) characteristics are prepared using the conventional melt-mixing method. The research investigates how benzoxazine content and curing time impact the PTC/NTC characteristics, resistivity, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of these composites.The findings demonstrated a positive correlation between the room temperature resistivity of CPE/CB/benzoxazine composites and benzoxazine content, making the control of benzoxazine content particularly important. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that these composites maintain a porous isolated structure regardless of curing time. However, crystallinity decreases as curing time increases. Optimal conditions are achieved with benzoxazine concentration of 2 wt% and a curing time of 45 minutes, resulting in a PTC intensity peak exceeding 5 after R-T cycling. Additionally, at 2 wt% benzoxazine content and a curing time of 60 minutes, a three-dimensional cross-linked network is formed. This network confines carbon black within specific regions, preventing large-scale aggregation and eliminating the NTC effect. After three thermal cycles, the PTC intensity stabilizes around 3.8, indicating good cycling stability.

Induced polarization of clay-rich materials. 4. Water content and temperature effects in bentonites

Deep geological disposals (DGDs) are widely seen to be the best solution to contain high-level radioactive wastes safely. Compacted bentonite and bentonite-sand mixtures are considered the most appropriate buffers or sealing materials for access drifts, ramps, and shafts due to their favorable physicochemical and hydro-mechanical properties. Bentonite-sand mixtures are expected to swell and seal all voids when in contact with water, forming an impermeable barrier to radioactive elements. The parameters that will most affect the hydraulic performance of these seals are their water content, dry density, water salinity, and temperature. Monitoring and assessing these parameters are, therefore, crucial to confirm that the seals’ safety functions are fulfilled during the life of a DGD. Induced polarization (IP) is a nonintrusive geophysical method able to perform this task. However, the underlying physics of bentonite sand mixtures has not been checked. The complex conductivity spectra of 42 compacted bentonite-sand mixtures were measured in the frequency range of 1 Hz–45 kHz in order to develop workable relationships between in-phase and quadrature conductivities versus water content and saturation, pore water conductivity, bentonite-sand ratio (10% to 100%), temperature (10°C–60°C), and dry density (0.97 to 1.64 g cm−3). We observe that conductivity is mostly dominated by surface conductivity associated with the Stern layer (SL) coating the surface of smectite, the main component of bentonite. At a given salinity and temperature, the in-phase and quadrature conductivities obey the power law relationships with water content and saturation. The in-phase and quadrature conductivities depend on the temperature according to a classical linear relationship with the same temperature coefficient. An SL-based model is used to explain the dependence of the complex conductivity with water content, dry density, water salinity, and temperature. It could be used to interpret the IP field data to monitor the efficiency of the seal of DGD facilities.

The mechanical and dielectric properties of high-density Ti-doped MgAl2O4 ceramic prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel combined with mechanochemical method

The synthesis of MgAl2O4 requires high calcination temperatures which generally result in larger grain sizes and smaller specific surface areas. These factors pose challenges in achieving high-density MgAl2O4 ceramic. This study introduces an innovative approach that has successfully sintered MgAl2O4 ceramic at 1500 ℃ with MgAl2O4 powder prepared using a Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel (NHSG) method combined with a mechanochemical method. The sintered MgAl2O4 ceramic with 2 wt% TiCl4 doping displays an apparent porosity of only 0.09 %, a flexural strength of 183 MPa, a relative permittivity of 8.7, a quality factor of 77000 GHz, and a frequency temperature coefficient of −59.4 ppm/℃. The introduction of titanium ions causes lattice distortion and cationic vacancies, which promotes sintering and improves the mechanical and dielectric properties of the resulting ceramic. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of NHSG combined with the mechanochemical method in preparing MgAl2O4 ceramic with enhanced sintering properties.

Unexpectedly strong heat stress induction of monoterpene, methylbutenol, and other volatile emissions for conifers in the cypress family (Cupressaceae)

We investigated the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission rates and composition of Cupressaceae species and how the emissions change in response to moderate warming and more severe heat stress. A total of 8 species from 7 distinct Cupressaceae genera were targeted in this study and exposed to laboratory-simulated heatwaves. Each plant was enclosed in a temperature-controlled glass chamber and allowed to equilibrate at 30 °C for 24 h. The temperature was then increased stepwise from 33 °C to 43 °C in 2 °C increments, with each step lasting 2 h, and was finally kept at 45 °C for 12 h. The BVOC emissions were measured periodically using an automated air sampler coupled to a gas chromatograph.Most of the sampled Cupressaceae species (6 out of 8) were low BVOC emitters (<0.3 μgC g−1 h−1) at 30 °C. However, the BVOC emissions of all 8 species increased strongly with temperature, and in most species (5 out of 8), the emissions continued to increase with longer exposure times to heat stress. The largest increase was observed in Thuja occidentalis and Chamaecyparis thyoides, which reached maximum emissions of 350 and 190 μgC g−1 h−1, respectively. Of the different BVOCs, monoterpenes responded most strongly to heat stress, with Q10 temperature coefficients typically ranging between 7.6 and 22, which were significantly greater than the model-predicted value of 2.7. Other BVOCs including sesquiterpenes, C9 aromatics (only detected in Calocedrus decurrens), methylbutenols, and other C5 oxygenates were also induced by heat stress, but generally at a lower magnitude than monoterpenes.Our results indicate that Cupressaceae are a large but typically dormant source of reactive volatile hydrocarbons (mostly monoterpenes) whose emissions can be activated by heat stress. This phenomenon could have important implications for ozone and aerosol formation, air quality, and human health, particularly in urban areas that are prone to heatwaves.

Experimental study on flow boiling and circumferential non-uniform heat transfer characteristics in helically-coiled tube under coupled heat transfer conditions

Helically-coiled tube steam generator has been widely used in nuclear reactor, energy power, petrochemical and other systems. In the liquid metal reactor, the liquid metal on the primary side of the helically-coiled tube steam generator exchanges heat with the water on the secondary side. Due to the coupled heat transfer between liquid metal and water, the distribution of the wall temperature or heat transfer coefficient of helically-coiled tube are significant different in the circumferential direction of the tube cross-section. An experimental system of helically-coiled tube steam generator was set up in this paper. The non-uniform heat transfer characteristics of secondary side fluid of helically-coiled tube steam generator were studied under the coupled heat transfer conditions between the heat transfer of primary side and secondary sides fluid. It was found that the wall temperature or heat transfer coefficient in the circumferential direction of tube cross-section were significantly different, the maximum and minimum wall temperature appeared on the inside and bottom of the tube cross-section, respectively, the maximum and minimum heat transfer coefficient appeared on the outside and top of the tube cross-section, respectively. The effect of secondary side refrigerant pressure, secondary side refrigerant supercooling degree, mass flux of secondary side refrigerant, primary side heating water temperature and mass flux of primary side heating water on the maximum wall temperature, minimum wall temperature, maximum heat transfer coefficient, minimum heat transfer coefficient were obtained. Beside, The local and overall non-uniformity of the wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient in the circumferential direction of tube cross-section were obtained and the influence of each parameter on the local and overall non-uniformity were revealed, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that the non-uniformity of heat transfer coefficient in the circumferential direction of tube cross-section under coupled heat transfer conditions was more obvious than that under constant heat flux conditions. And the the overall non-uniformity of heat transfer coefficient (δh) obtained in our experimental were larger than the δh of Chang et al. [33], Zheng et al. [38], Kong et al. [34], Yao et al. [36] and Niu et al. [37] by 130.67%, 48.10%, 289.48%, 151.28% and 271.67%, respectively.

Exploration of electrical conduction mechanisms via modulating sintering period of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films in various phase regions

Perovskite manganese oxide films have garnered significant attention due to their unique and diverse physical properties. In this work, La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) films are prepared on LaAlO3 (00l) substrates using the sol−gel spin coating method with varying sintering period (Ps). By optimizing Ps, improvements were observed in the films’ structure, morphology, ionic valence, and temperature−dependent resistivity. The reduction in Mn−O bond length and the increase in Mn−O−Mn bond angle change the degree of MnO6 distortion, resulting in an increased eg bandwidth. As Ps increased, the LCMO films exhibited better crystalline quality. The improved Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio strengthened the double exchange effect, facilitating the carrier hopping of the eg electrons. Analyses of various electrical conduction mechanisms showed that optimized electron scattering behavior, reduced hopping distance, energy and theoretical Curie temperature collectively enhance the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of LCMO films under optimal Ps. The TCR of the LCMO films reached a maximum value (31.64 % K−1) at Ps = 18 min. These findings offer valuable insights into the main electrical conduction mechanisms in both metallic and semiconducting phases, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying physical processes and offering experimental guidance for optimizing the electrical transport properties of perovskite films.

High-performance anisotropic Sm2Co17/Fe(Co) bulk nanocomposite magnets fabricated by two-step high-pressure thermal compression deformation

In the realm of Sm2Co17 nanocomposite magnetic materials, it remains a challenge to fabricate anisotropic magnets by forming nanocrystalline Sm2Co17 phases with strong texture, alongside soft phases of small size and high soft phase content. In this paper, we present a novel approach for fabricating anisotropic Sm2Co17/Fe(Co) nanocomposite bulk magnets with a prominent (00 l) texture of the Sm2Co17 phase, the 25 wt% content of the Fe(Co) phase, and a refined grain size of 25 nm. This fabrication is achieved using a two-step high-pressure thermal compression (HPTC) deformation process. The fabricated magnets exhibit a maximum energy product [(BH)max] of 20.0 MGOe with a pronounced magnetic anisotropy (Br///Br⊥ = 1.23). This result is 53 % higher than the previously reported largest value [(BH)max = 13.1 MGOe] for Sm2Co17-based nanocomposites. The magnets also exhibit a low remanence temperature coefficient (α = −0.014 %/°C) and a low coercivity temperature coefficient (β = −0.23 %/°C), demonstrating exceptional thermal stability. Our findings may improve the fabrication of anisotropic bulk Sm2Co17 nanostructure magnets for practical applications.

Experimental study on the low-temperature preheating performance of positive-temperature-coefficient heating film in the prismatic power battery module

The performance of a power battery directly affects the thermal safety performance of the vehicle. Aiming at the improvement of thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries under low temperature condition, this study focuses on the effect of the positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) heating film on the heating performance of batteries through experimental testing. First, the side and bottom of the cell were heated, and the heat transfer path and mode of the single cell were analyzed. The effects of different power densities and geometric positions on the heating effect were studied by testing the heating time and temperature consistency. Second, for the battery module, a low-temperature heating thermal management heat transfer model was built to analyze the heating mechanism of the heating film under different heating power densities. Finally, the results of these studies were synthesized to obtain the optimal heating power density. The results show that for the cell, the optimum power density of side heating and bottom heating is 0.5 W /cm2 and 0.4 W /cm2, respectively. The time required for side heating from −20 °C to 10 °C is 730 s lower than that of bottom heating, and the maximum temperature difference is 1.885 °C lower. For battery modules, a power density of 0.5 W/cm2 was appropriate for both bottom and side heating methods. Due to the existence of heat conduction between battery packs, the battery modules will be quickly and evenly preheated. Under the optimal power density, the time length for side heating from –20 °C to 10 °C was 1459 s, and the maximum temperature difference was 6.32 °C; bottom heating time required slightly more time (1783 s), and the maximum temperature difference was 6.221 °C. Side heating can be beneficial for the rapid preheating of the battery module. This study will contribute to improving the performance and safety of batteries in cold environments.

Optoelectronic and thermodynamic properties of the Yttrium filled skutterudite YFe4P12

In this work, we sought to understand the structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of the compound YFe4P12 using the full-potential and linear augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW) based on density functional theory (DFT), our calculation of the lattice parameter of this compound YFe4P12 is reasonably in good agreement with the experimental results. Calculations carried out on the electronic band structure showed that the YFe4P12 compound is classified as a direct-gap Half- half-metallic in the minority spins. Moreover, optical properties, such as the optical absorption coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, optical conductivity, refractive index, and optical reflectivity have been studied. The effects of pressure and temperature on the lattice parameter, heat capacities, coefficients of thermal expansion, entropy, and Debye temperature were explored using the quasi-harmonic Debye model.

Effect of B/Pb ion replacement in B2O3-PbO-SiO2 glasses: Structural, thermal, optical and electrical properties

Due to its easy manufacturing process and outstanding physical and chemical characteristics, boron lead silicate glass is widely used in electronic packaging, optical fields, and sensor technology. Herein, new glass samples with different proportions of B2O3/PbO are prepared by a combined melting and annealing process. The glasses undergo structural and thermal characterization to investigate its composition, thermal behavior, optical properties, and dielectric properties. The results show that the glass structure changes gradually as [SiO4] and [PbO4] units were replaced by [BO3] units with increasing B2O3 content. This transformation has an impact on coefficient of thermal expansion and characteristic temperature of the glass. Additionally, it is observed that alterations in structure resulted in a decrease in both optical band gap as well as dielectric constant and loss. These findings provide insights into how variations in the B2O3/PbO ratio influence structural evolution and enhance properties for boron lead silicate glasses. This provides a theoretical basis for further advances to improve material properties and expand optical and electronic applications.

Thermal performance analysis of a domestic-size absorption cooling system incorporating nanofluid with thermal insulation in hot climate of Algeria

The increased demand for energy consumption for air conditioning, due to rising temperatures, has created challenges related to thermal comfort in residential environments .In the present study, a simulation of an air conditioning system for a small building was conducted, considering various absorption cooling scenarios to assess system performance through dynamic and economic analysis. The proposed system employs a parabolic trough collector in conjunction with a storage tank, designed to cool a 12 m² room in Adrar, Algeria. The study aims to identify the optimal scenario based on temperature, heat, and system coefficient of performance indicators. A computer program was developed using characteristic equations and finite difference methods to analyze the system's behavior with different nanofluid concentrations and thermal insulation. Simulation results show that scenario with nanofluid and insulation the best performance is achieved with a 4% nanofluid concentration, a 9 m² solar collector, a 0.3 m³ storage tank, and 0.05 m thick polystyrene insulation. The system can operate for 9 h, maintaining an indoor temperature of 27°C with a peak cooling load of 3 kW. The economic analysis estimates an investment cost of 4535.4$ and Net Present Value 3,370.40$ with a payback period of 12 years and 3 months.

An Analytical Exploration of Low Reynolds Number Cilia-Driven Flow of Johnson-Segalman Fluid with Heat Transfer Effects

This article discusses the properties of heat transfer on Johnson-Segalman fluids in a complex wavy channel made of metachronal wavy cilia. Such complex wall structures can be used in the design of biomimetic systems. The movement of fluid through a two-dimensional complex wave channel produced by the metachronal wave of cilia is characterized as laminar and incompressible. Firstly, the system of equations is transformed from a fixed frame of reference to a wavy frame of reference. Secondly, the system of equations of motion (EOM) is transformed into a non-dimensional form by using the scaling factors. Mathematical analysis has been conducted using long wavelength as well as low Reynold numbers assumptions. The Perturbation approach is used to solve the simplified governing equations for the axial velocity, temperature, stream function, pressure rise, and heat transfer coefficients. The equations representing axial velocity, pressure rise, and the streaming function are illustrated, and the reason for observed changes in different physical aspects are explained using basic theoretical principles. A solution for small values of the Weissenberg numbers is generated for the resulting nonlinear system. The current study investigates the effects of different boundaries and rheology on fluid flow.The velocity profile increases near the channel center with higher Q (time-mean flow rate) and e¯ (slip parameter), but decreases with greater Weissenberg number (We). The Brinkman number (Br), Q, and e¯ directly influence the temperature distribution, while We have the opposite effect. The size and number of trapped boluses increase with higher Q but decrease with rising We and e¯. It is noteworthy that the overall number of trapped zones rises throughout the complex wavy path.

Performance analysis of air conditioner system integrated with thermal energy storage using enhanced machine learning modelling coupled with fire hawk optimizer

Integrating air conditioning (AC) systems with thermal energy storage (TES) offers a promising solution for managing large buildings' peak load demands and energy efficiency. Predicting the performance of the AC-TES is a significant index in ensuring optimal cooling load and energy consumption. However, conventional approaches encounter challenges in achieving high levels of accuracy, reliability, and scalability. Therefore, this study introduces leveraging machine learning techniques and in-situ measurements for precise predicting the energy performance of AC-TES system in a semi-arid climate building. The study proposes a hybrid prediction strategy leveraging the benefits of machine learning and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The proposed approach integrates a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) with the Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO) for predicting the performance parameters of the AC-TES system; including, energy consumption, cooling load, air room temperature and performance coefficient (COP). The RBFNN framework in the developed strategy is trained to identify intricate patterns and correlations within the data, while the FHO is utilized to explore the optimal hyperparameters of the RBFNN for maximizing the prediction accuracy. The proposed strategy was modelled in MATLAB software and validated using a publicly available measurements for the AC-TES system. The system maintained improved cooling performance in which the average daily values of energy consumption, cooling load, air room temperature and COP are 1100 kWh/hr, 1.30 kW, 23.97 oC, and 3.12, respectively. The statistical outcomes depict that the developed RBFNN-FHO strategy achieved an impressive prediction accuracy of 95.81% accuracy, a 0.94 correlation coefficient, a 0.4193 mean absolute error (MAE), and a 0.5200 root mean square error (RMSE), respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed RBFNN-FHO is model, is compared with the existing machine-learning approaches utilized for predicting the dynamic performances of HVAC systems. The comparative analysis with existing techniques highlights the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed RBFNN-FHO strategy in predicting AC-TES performances.