Personality Traits Research Articles

Supplemental Material for The Cross-Cultural Big Two: A Culturally Decentered Theoretical and Measurement Model for Personality Traits

Supplemental Material for The Cross-Cultural Big Two: A Culturally Decentered Theoretical and Measurement Model for Personality Traits

Antisocial personality traits as potential risk factors for cyberstalking: only aspects of psychopathy and narcissism matter

Cyberstalking is defined as the repeated pursuit of an individual using the Internet. The current study examined the relationship between Dark Triad constructs and cyberstalking among a large sample of adults (N = 1724) while addressing several limitations of previous research. Each construct was assessed using a validated measure; a newer measure of Machiavellianism was used to ensure that psychopathy and Machiavellianism could be distinguished; and separate models were run for each trait to avoid interpreting residuals from multivariate models. After controlling for age and sex, only the antisocial facet of psychopathy (early and repeated antisocial behaviour; odds ratio, OR = 2.74, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.73, 4.36]) and grandiose narcissism (inflated self-esteem and antagonism; OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.08, 1.50]) were significantly related to cyberstalking perpetration within the past 12 months. While psychopathy and narcissism may be important factors for understanding antisocial behaviour, Machiavellianism appears to have limited predictive and practical utility.

Evolutionary Pedagogy: Evolutionary Foundations of Certain Pedagogical Practices and Their Implications in Teaching Processes

Human evolution is the result of highly complex biological, psychological and cultural changes over millions of years. This process can be traced back to the evolution of modern humans, thanks to the ability of human ancestors to adapt to environmental conditions. The evolutionary process involves the development not only of physical characteristics, but also of mental capacities and social structures. It is therefore a natural consequence that evolution has fundamentally influenced human cultural and psychological traits. The main reason for the emergence of fields such as evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychiatry in the light of recent studies is the search for the contributions of evolutionary processes to such fields. Evolutionary pedagogy is basically the result of such a search. It was shaped as a result of the search for the reflections of psychological and cultural situations affected by evolutionary processes on pedagogy. Therefore, evolutionary pedagogy is a synthesis and it seeks to explain how many pedagogical practices may have been shaped in the evolutionary process. To this end, it draws heavily on evolutionary psychology and directly on human biological evolution. Such a quest for grounding predicts that a more beneficial process can be realized in the teaching-learning process by reproducing evolutionary situations in the classroom environment. In other words, the learning process can become more effective if teachers use the features compatible with evolutionary processes in their teaching techniques, classroom management, and the development of skills for learning to learn, and if they include them in the classroom environment. This is the main starting point of the study. Throughout the study, some examples of the pedagogical practices in which can manifest itself are emphasized. In addition to the explanations and examples given in the study, other researchers may associate different pedagogical practices with evolutionary processes. Therefore, evolutionary pedagogy is not only a new field but also a field that is open to the interest of researchers as a field open to development.

Gender Stereotypes About Career and Family Are Stronger in More Economically Developed Countries and Can Explain the Gender Equality Paradox.

Using data from Project Implicit collected between 2005 and 2020, comprising 1,489,721 observations in 111 countries, we find that implicit and explicit gender stereotypes about career and family are more pronounced in more economically developed countries. Besides, these gender stereotypes are strongly correlated at the country level with gender differences in values (such as family values), self-reported personality traits (such as agreeableness or dependence), and occupational preferences (such as health-related occupations), and may account for the fact that these gender imbalances are "paradoxically" stronger in more economically developed countries (the so-called "gender equality paradox").In line with social role theory, our findings suggest that there are in developed countries strong gender stereotypes about career and family, which may at least partly explain the persistence or even the "paradoxical worsening" of a number of gender differences in these countries, despite generally high levels of gender equality in other areas.

The Correlation Between Big Five Personality Profile and Burnout Incidence in Medical Students

Burnout is a syndrome of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive stress, commonly experienced by medical students. Contributing factors include lifestyle and personality. The Big Five Personality Theory (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) helps explain individual personality traits. This study aims to determine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and burnout among medical students. An observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional design was used, targeting fourth-year medical students at Swadaya Gunung Jati University in 2024. Consecutive sampling was employed, and data were analyzed using the C contingency coefficient test. Data collection involved a questionnaire. Results indicated that 15 out of 68 students (22.1%) experienced burnout, with most students falling into the openness and agreeableness categories. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between personality traits and burnout (p = 0.003; p < 0.05), with students exhibiting openness experiencing burnout more frequently than those with agreeableness traits. Specifically, 48.5% of students in the openness category, 38.2% in agreeableness, 10.3% in conscientiousness, and 2.9% in neuroticism experienced burnout. The findings demonstrate a correlation between personality traits and the occurrence of burnout.

Startup entrepreneurs’ personality traits and resilience: unveiling the interplay of prior experience

Startup entrepreneurs’ personality traits and resilience: unveiling the interplay of prior experience

Misinformation and Personality: Big-5 Trait Related to Misinformation Believing and Sharing

Abstract: With the advancement of media and the proliferation of new digital platforms, the Internet has become the primary channel through which individuals access information. However, this shift has also heightened the likelihood of people believing and sharing misinformation. This article explores the relationship between personality traits and the propensity to believe and share misinformation. Through a comprehensive literature review, the associations between the Big Five personality traits and misinformation are analyzed and summarized. The findings suggest that extraversion is positively associated with the belief in and sharing of misinformation, whereas conscientiousness and agreeableness are negatively associated with these behaviors. In contrast, openness to experience and neuroticism do not show a significant relationship with misinformation, belief, or sharing. At the specific period, extroversion, openness to experience and neuroticism show the positive relationship with misinformation believing. Moreover, extroversion has positive relationship with misinformation sharing during epidemic period. Effective interventions to mitigate the belief in and sharing of misinformation can include strategies such as leveraging social norms, peer influence, and promoting critical thinking. However, these interventions should be tailored to align with different personality traits to maximize their effectiveness.

Rapid Effects of MDMA Administration on Self-Reported Personality Traits and Affect State: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) assisted therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for PTSD and emerging research suggests a change in personality traits may be a factor in treatment response. Most prior research on MDMA and personality has focused on cross-sectional comparisons of MDMA users and non-users; as such, well-controlled research assessing personality and affective states change following MDMA vs placebo administration is needed. In the current pre-registered study, we investigated the impact of MDMA administration on five-factor model (FFM) traits and affective states before and 48 h after drug administration in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of healthy adults (N = 34). Statistical significance was not observed for the four a priori hypotheses; however, medium effect sizes were found between MDMA administration and trait Openness and Positive Affect 48 h following drug administration, compared to placebo (d = .79 and .51, respectively). This study provides initial results to help guide future well-powered studies with large samples and longer follow-up timepoints to continue to investigate how MDMA impacts personality and emotional experience, which may inform optimization of MDMA treatment approaches.

Filling in the missing pieces: Personality traits (un)related to dishonest behavior

Despite notable progress in the study of dishonest behavior and in particular the identification of personality traits (most notably, Honesty-Humility) that are robust predictors of individual differences in dishonesty, prior research has also left several traits untested or yielded inconsistent or inconclusive findings for other traits. We herein provide corresponding evidence, testing the associations between dishonesty and six operationalizations of Big Five Agreeableness, the dark tetrad traits, impression management and lie scales, and self-control versus impulsivity. We relied on a large dataset ( N = 1,916) across two incentivized measurements of dishonesty (separated by about 5 weeks) and tailored hierarchical modeling, and preregistered all hypotheses prior to data analysis. As expected, neither impression management and lie scales nor self-control versus impulsivity were related to dishonesty. By contrast, dark tetrad traits were consistently associated with dishonesty, though almost entirely due to their shared aversive core, the dark factor of personality. Finally, several (but not all) operationalizations of Big Five Agreeableness were associated with dishonesty, but none explained incremental variance above Honesty-Humility whereas the opposite was always the case. We discuss the implications of these findings for recent controversies about basic personality structure, the question of theoretical parsimony, and the dangers of jingle-fallacies.

Developing design mindset: how individual and contextual factors influence the development of design mindset through method teaching

Method Teaching is an essential approach for training novice designers to think and act like designers. Methods are commonly used in design education, yet with varying outcomes and experiences for students. There is a need to better understand how individual and contextual factors influence the effectiveness of Method Teaching. In this quasi-experimental pre-post-intervention study, we investigate how group composition, motivation, Design Mindset (D-Mindset0.1), Self-efficacy (GSES), Ambiguity tolerance (TAS), and Sensation-seeking (BSSS) influence students’ learning through Method Teaching. Our results show that Method Teaching increases Design Mindset scores and that the effectiveness of Method Teaching is influenced significantly by the three personality traits and the level of prior Design Mindset.

Personality Dynamics and the Impact of Life Events

Understanding personality dynamics in response to life events is crucial for comprehending individual differences in social behavior. The introversion-extraversion spectrum, developed by Carl Jung, offers a framework to explore how individuals channel their energy. This spectrum, initially perceived as a dichotomy, is now recognized as a continuum, with most individuals exhibiting traits of both introversion and extraversion. Life events encompass significant occurrences or milestones that profoundly impact an individual's life, either positively or negatively. Despite the growing importance of this relationship, there is a lack of experimental research exploring the causal impact of life events on introversion-extraversion traits. This research aims to enhance understanding of how life events influence personality traits, with a particular focus on the interplay between intra-psychic and extra-psychic factors, and discussing how introverts and extroverts manage their behavior in different environments. Utilizing a questionnaire survey method and validated psychometric instruments, data from 203 participants will be analyzed to understand the complex interplay between personality traits and life events. The findings contribute to our understanding of personality dynamics and have implications for interventions aimed at promoting psychological well-being.

Exploring Individual Components of Sport Persistence in the Light of Gender, Education, and Level and Type of Sport

Background/Objectives: Sport persistence can be coded as an indicator of sport performance and commitment, incorporating personality traits such as resilience, adaptive coping, and positive personality traits. Thus, athletes do not merely persist in sporting activities but are qualitatively committed to them. Methods: In the present research, we used a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors underlying sport persistence, using Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model. In total, 133 high school and college student-athletes were surveyed in a semi-structured interview study. We set the following research question: How do the factors involved in developing sport persistence vary across athletes’ gender, level of study, and level and type of sport? Data were analyzed along the lines of grounded theory. ATLAS.ti and IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical software were used for the analysis. Results: Our analysis divided individual motivation into intrinsic (health promotion, habituation, becoming a competitive athlete, self-improvement, self-actualization, relaxation, and sport enjoyment) and extrinsic motivation (family-related motivation, coach, social relationships, competition, livelihood, recognition). The cross-tabulation analysis revealed that contrary to the general trend, no significant differences can be experienced in the core motivational patterns contributing to sport persistence. However, significant differences could be detected concerning the level of education, level of sporting activity, and type of sport. Conclusions: Our findings not only shed light on the unique factors underlying sport persistence, but also challenge the trends observed in traditional sport motivation analyses. This insight could potentially revolutionize how we approach youth sport promotion and physical activity among young people, making our research highly relevant and impactful.

Interpersonal Relationship Between Parents and Its Impact on Mental Health of Children

The family plays an important role in the development of a person as an active participant in the life of society. When a child is born and grows up in a family, the system of relationships in the family that has been developing for years has an impact on the child's psychology. They are influenced by the interpersonal relationships of adults in the family with each other and with their children, i.e. communication, behavior, and attitude toward the child. This effect ultimately affects the child's way of understanding the world, his attitude toward the environment, and even his way of thinking. It would be wrong to consider this effect as negative or positive in the same direction. Because under certain conditions, a child's susceptibility to family influence can have different results depending on how he reacts to these influences. If the educational influence exerted by adults can be compared with existing social norms, the child will most likely follow the model that is considered positive for him. But life experience and observations show that the educational power of the family, especially in the child's preschool age, is high, and during this period the influence of adults in the family on the child can be of primary importance. Therefore, we have sufficient grounds to speak about a direct connection between personality traits and even the formation of a way of thinking and methods of educational influence in the family. Keywords: interpersonal relationship, parents, mental health of children, development

Norwegian science teacher educators’ views of the master’s thesis and the supervision process

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to investigate Norwegian science teacher educators’ views of the master’s thesis and the supervision process in connection with the recent change to five-year master’s programmes. Interviews with fourteen science teacher educators from the seven teacher education institutions offering a master’s specialisation in science education were analysed inductively through thematic analysis. The teacher educators’ perceptions were represented by four themes: development of personal traits, academic competence, value for classroom practice and value for the teaching community. Furthermore, they emphasised being project leaders and having competence in science education and relational competence when supervising master’s theses. The science educators are positive about the general features of the master’s thesis, such as developing personal traits and more research-competent colleagues of teachers. However, the study revealed that many supervisors expressed a lack of competence and supervision experience, and we suggest involving teacher educators in research projects in education.

Cluster analysis of suicidal ideation and influencing factors among Spanish teachers

Suicidal ideation signals a higher suicide risk, particularly among teachers, affecting their well-being and impacting student development and academic success. This study, the first to use standardized measures with Spanish teachers, examines suicidal ideation among 1,251 educators from 107 schools. It analyzes suicidal thoughts and their associated risk and protective factors using a cross-sectional design. Results show an 18.86% prevalence of suicidal ideation, with 12.39% occurring in females. Anxiety and depression may act as risk factors, while emotional intelligence and resilience might serve as protective factors in identifying teachers with and without suicidal thoughts. The analyses identified four clusters based on suicidal ideation severity and psychological traits, indicating a need for enhanced targeted interventions. Main limitations include the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and the lack of a broader perspective on sociocultural variables. Evidence highlights the need for tailored interventions to reduce teachers’ suicidal thoughts and improve their well-being.

The Perception and Attitude of Beijing Residents Towards Clothing Freedom

Abstract: In daily life, many individuals hesitate to choose their preferred dressing style due to concerns about negative comments from those around them. This article discusses how to create a more inclusive environment and alleviate these concerns through investigation and research. A total of 200 valid responses were collected from Beijing residents, including 87 males and 113 females. The results indicated no significant gender difference in attitudes toward freedom of dressing (P = 0.051). Correlation tests revealed that open personality traits (r = .263, p < .001), rule awareness (r = .526, p < .001), and the level of perceived social support (r = .329, p < .001) are significantly positively correlated with Beijing residents' attitudes toward freedom of dress. Enhancing these factors may help reduce individuals' concerns, thereby increasing their freedom to choose their attire. People's right to dress freely should be respected as long as it does not violate laws or personal rules.

God of Promise and Voucher: Alienation, Reconciliation, and Resurrection

Abstract A Christian approach to suffering, sin, and evil cannot offer now a full theodicy. We now ‘know in part’ only regarding divine purposes in allowing suffering, sin, and evil. We can clarify instead how God interacts in righteousness with people as their God of promise and voucher in the midst of suffering, sin, and evil. To that end, this article illuminates a divine effort toward human reconciliation with God in righteousness and resurrection, despite our gaps in explaining suffering, sin, and evil. It identifies current reconciliation with God and resurrection by God that do not fully explain suffering, sin, and evil, but can be a voucher now in human experience and life for eventual eschatological reparations promised by God. If the Spirit of God can be such a voucher, so also can the reconciliation and resurrection now empowered by that Spirit. This article recognizes a special role for the divine ‘fruit of the Spirit’ identified by Paul. It also explains how this role figures in spiritual resurrection with Christ now, in advance of any resurrection of the body. The article contends that the spiritual resurrection in question emerges through reconciliation with God now in volitional cooperation with God’s unique moral personality traits.

The Impact of Personality on Productivity and Job Performance

Abstract: There is a growing body of research on the impact of personality on job performance. Additional research is required to examine the influence of individual variations and perceptions on workplace conduct and productivity. Productivity is a critical quantitative element in determining the success of any individual to excel in a competitive environment and must effectively utilise limited resources. Job performance is a qualitative indicator of an individuals level of success within the workspace. For this study, the research method used is a survey to analyse the impact of different personalities on job performance and productivity. The results illustrate introverts are more productive despite displaying lower job performance than extroverts. In general, the personality questionnaire's design may have a limited representation of introverts due to their quiet nature. Ambiverts may be more challenging to distinguish during analysis. The study indicates the necessity of a more comprehensive comprehension of personality traits, with a specific emphasis on demographics and the working environment. Providing peaceful environments and designated time slots can enhance introverted performance in the workplace. Extraverts can excel at extroverted tasks but may struggle to adapt to introverted settings. Ambiverts possess both qualities, making influential leaders possible. Furthermore, this paper advises including supplementary control factors to establish a causal relationship between personality and workplace capability.

Diagnostic classification systems for disorders of gut-brain interaction should include psychological symptoms.

The group of disorders known as Disorders of Gut Brain Interaction (DGBI) were originally labeled functional GI disorders and were thought to be disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that had several psychological conditions as comorbidities. Despite mounting evidence that psychological morbidity plays an innate role in the etiology and maintenance of DGBI, none of the Rome IV criteria include any measure of psychological symptoms. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals would cluster differently if GI symptoms alone were considered versus GI symptoms combined with measures of psychological symptoms. Data were obtained from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study measuring Rome IV GI symptoms, psychological measures and demographic characteristics. Latent profile models were used to cluster individuals based on (i) GI symptoms only (GI only) and then (ii) GI and psychological measures (GI + Psych). Individuals clustering into the same group of individuals whether formed via GI only or GI + Psych, ranged from 96% for a 2-class solution (the most simplistic) to 76% with 6 classes (the parsimonious system) and 59% with twenty-two classes (mimicking Rome IV). The generalisability of this finding between six geographic regions was confirmed with agreement varying between 95%-97% for 2 clusters and 71-79% for 6 classes and 51%-63% for 22 classes. These findings were also consistent between DGBI (range 94% with 2 classes to 50% with 22 classes) and non-DGBI (range 97% with 2 clusters to 65% with 22 classes) groups. Our data suggest that considering psychological as well as gastrointestinal symptoms would lead to a different clustering of individuals in more complex, and accurate, classification systems. For this reason, future work on DGBI classification should consider inclusion of psychological traits.

Harnessing Leadership Styles to Enhance the Effectiveness of Secondary School Dynamics in the Vhembe District

The study aimed to explore the relationship between leadership styles and their effectiveness in enhancing the culture of secondary schools in the Vhembe District, South Africa. The study aimed to identify how different leadership approaches impact educator performance, learner achievement, and overall school dynamics. It also sought to provide recommendations for fostering leadership practices that positively influence these domains. A qualitative research approach was used, using purposive sampling to select 20 participants with substantial experience and knowledge of leadership dynamics within secondary schools in the Vhembe East District. The study collected in-depth insights into the various leadership styles practised and their effects on the school environment through interviews and observations. Key findings revealed a variety of leadership styles, from democratic to authoritarian, and their differing impacts on educators and learners. While collaborative and culturally responsive leadership practices enhanced school culture and performance, inconsistent or overly authoritative leadership led to challenges such as low educator morale and poor learner outcomes. The power and influence theory and Leadership trait theory provided a framework for understanding the dynamics of power and the traits that contribute to effective leadership. The study indicated that enhancing collaborative leadership, promoting culturally responsive practices, and maintaining consistency in leadership approaches are crucial to improving leadership quality in secondary schools. These findings contribute to the scholarship by offering practical insights that can guide the development of leadership training programs and inform policy-making in educational leadership, ultimately aiming to cultivate positive and supportive school dynamics. Keywords: Leadership, Leadership Style, School Ecosystem, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Trait.