Experimental Video Research Articles

„In naives Plaudern“ geraten?

Kurt Pahlen’s activities in the Ibero-American region from 1939 to approximately 1970 were based on his musicological studies and musical activities in Vienna until 1938. Certificates of his studies at the university or press reports on his engagements in Vienna’s musical life shed light on Pahlen’s formation before his emigration to Switzerland, Argentina and Uruguay. In exile, he transmitted his knowledge of classical music to the Spanish-speaking world via articles and books on music history or radio and television broadcasts. His writings were commercially successful and, after their first edition in Latin America, they were often translated into German. As a result, Pahlen acted as translator between cultural contexts, audiences and media. An analysis of selected paragraphs of the books demonstrates, however, that he mainly transmitted his particular view of music, which was extremely time-bound and lost its relevance in later reprints. The reason for the divergent opinions of Kurt Pahlen’s work Spanish- and German-speaking scientific communities can be found in his rejection of academic musicology as he had got to know it in Vienna, and the increasingly superficial and subjective prose in his German reeditions. (Vorlage)

Factors Associated with Minimum Acceptable Diet in 6–11-Month-Old Indonesian Children Using the 2017 IDHS

BACKGROUND: Inadequate complementary feeding practices are known to contribute to children’s nutritional status. A minimum acceptable diet (MAD) is one of the simple, valid, and reliable indicators to assess complementary feeding practices in 6–23-month-old children on food diversity and meal frequency. Based on the UNICEF data, the MAD of 6–11 months in Indonesia was 26.3% in 2017 and the lowest compared to other groups. Hence, this study research question is posing toward several factors associated with the low MAD among 6–11 months infant. AIM: This study aimed to determine factors associated with MAD in 6–11-month-old children in Indonesia. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis using the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. This is a cross-sectional study involving 17,848 children in Indonesia. Final sample to be analyzed were 1,441 children of 6–11-month-old. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the significant risk factors associated with MAD. RESULTS: The result showed that the prevalence of MAD in this study is 29%. From the multivariate logistic regression, wealth index, television ownership, and mother’s occupation were significantly associated with MAD of 6–11-month-old children in Indonesia. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, factors associated with MAD among 6–11-month-old children were wealth index, television ownership, and mother’s occupation.

Fashion in Copenhagen films and TV shows

This article examines the representations of fashion and clothing through the history of Copenhagen films and TV shows. Because a comprehensive study of Copenhagen media does not yet exist, we have reviewed, compiled and analysed many examples of historical and contemporary films and television shows that have a special relationship with the city and its fashion. We examine the ways in which the city is mediated, how various film genres (including social realism, historical costume dramas and contemporary lifestyle dramas) and TV shows (ranging from historical and political dramas to Nordic noir crime series) use the characters’ clothing as signifiers and representations of class, careers, lifestyles and identities. The clothing and fashion in these works reveal many underlying cultural messages, motivations of the characters, as well as important social, cultural and political commentary on the city as a microcosm for society at large. Our methodology is grounded in cultural history, fashion history and media analysis, with a particular attention to the cultural, political and urban transformations in Copenhagen over the decades, and the role fashion plays in the city’s cultural landscape.

Research on the Application of 4K+5G Technology for UHD Live TV: Taking China Media Group as an Example

This paper systematically reviews the development history of 4K UHD TV in China, analyzes the innovative application of 4K+5G technology in the field of UHD TV live broadcast, and analyzes its characteristics and advantages. Taking the UHD TV broadcast by The China Media Group(CMG) using 4K+5G technology as an example, this paper analyzes the role of 4K+5G technology in promoting the reform of radio and television programs and its future development direction, so as to provide references for the industry.

Uptake of integrated soil fertility management technologies in heterogeneous smallholder farms in sub-humid tropics

Low soil fertility strongly affects environmental sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. Integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) is a potential remedy for declining soil fertility. We addressed determinants of ISFM technologies and identified the sources of soil fertility information using cluster and ordered probit analyses in two counties of the Central Highlands of Kenya. In Tharaka-Nithi county, the uptake of ISFMclass1 (Animal manure +anti-erosion + inorganic fertilizer +crop rotation + legume intercrop), positively correlated with membership to cooperatives, religious groups, SACCOs, and ownership of wheelbarrow but negatively associated with gender, level of education, low farming experience and increased off-farm income. The uptake of ISFMclass2 (Compost +Tithonia diversifolia +minimum tillage +agroforestry + crop residue retention) significantly correlated with religious group membership and ownership of radio. The uptake of ISFMclass3 (sole green manure) positively correlated with a household with an adult offering outside labor but negatively associated with distance to agro-dealers. In Murang'a, ISFMclass2 (Animal manure +inorganic fertilizer +anti-erosion + legume intercrop) is positively associated with farmers' age, membership to cooperatives, television ownership, and access to handhoe and distance to tarmacked roads. Access to drought power, distance to tarmacked road, and buyers positively correlated with ISFMclass1 (Agroforestry +green manure +minimum tillage +crop residue retention + crop rotation). There was a positive correlation between access to drought power and uptake of ISFMclass3 that combined compost and Tithonia diversifolia. We conclude that the region's uptake of unique ISFM combinations is influenced by socioeconomic, bio-physical determinants, and farmers' perception of soil fertility status. We thus recommend that increased upscaling of uptake of unique combinations of ISFM technologies require robust collaboration among various local development stakeholders to address the prohibitive factors while strengthening enabling ones.

The Folk Fight Back: Protesting the Cancellation of Don Messer’s Jubilee in 1969

This article examines part of the reaction to the 1969 cancellation of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (cbc) television’s Don Messer’s Jubilee , one of the most popular Canadian-produced programs of the era. In addition to an exploration of television history and popular culture, it is also a look at the neglected topic of “square” Canada in the 1960s. Messer began fiddling at dances in rural New Brunswick in the 1920s and moved to radio and recording prior to becoming an unlikely national television star by 1961. After exploring possible classifications of the show’s music, the article examines themes in protest letters and petitions sent to the cbc. These include Canadian nationalism in opposition to American mass culture, Canadian folk culture, cbc elitism, Maritime regionalism, nostalgia, and the related themes of the generation gap and permissive society. The article concludes that fans viewed Messer as a custodian of Canadian folk culture that was being erased by the national broadcaster at a time of heightened nationalism.

Harold Pinter’s Early BBC Roles: Between Tradition and Innovation

Using previously undocumented files from the BBC’s Written Archives Centre, this article accounts for Harold Pinter’s roles in BBC radio and television productions through the 1950s. The article fills the gaps in Pinter’s history with the BBC by detailing these archival records. It also examines the reception of these productions and situates them both in Pinter’s career and the history of the BBC. Along the way, this article argues that Pinter’s BBC work provides a way in to exploring the different evolutionary histories of BBC radio and television as they competed with one another for audience attention and management support.

No longer “As Crappy as Possible”?: Cult sensibilities and the high-definition revisioning and “Unbleeping” of early seasons of South Park

ABSTRACT This article will consider the recent ‘remastered’ editions of the first twelve seasons of the Comedy Central animated series South Park (1997-), and the impact that this may have upon the meanings associated with the original episodes. The show is now produced in a high-definition format, and most circulating versions of new instalments present any swearing ‘unbleeped’. These choices were not present from the very beginning of the series, however, and retrospectively applying them to past works serves to complicate the linear production history of the show. South Park has been quite vocal in its criticism of the revisionist practices of directors such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas (most notably in the episode ‘Free Hat’, airdate 07/10/2002). As such, this decision to submit to an apparently similar process raises questions about South Park’s ‘cult’ status, and the previous tendency to celebrate its (self-professed) ‘crappy’ aesthetics. The show’s remarkable longevity offers a valuable case study into the complexities and contradictions of preserving television history, while also attempting to maximize a text’s profitability and ‘afterlife’ in the online streaming marketplace.

‘You are, like, so woke’: Dickinson and the anachronistic turn in historical drama

ABSTRACT Whilst scholars of historical fiction have largely moved away from the idea of accuracy as a means of assessing historical fiction, fidelity to historical facts continues to be considered an important generic requirement of the form. To include anachronisms in any historical fiction is usually considered a mistake or an embarrassment, a sign that the requisite attention to historical detail has lapsed. For a new spate of historical television shows such as Reign (2013–17), Dickinson (2019) and The Great (2020), however, authenticity is not located in an objective measure of accuracy or fidelity, but instead lies within the explicit, textual acknowledgement that the context of creation shapes all historical drama. Apple TV+’s comedy/drama Dickinson, in particular, entirely bypasses the question of accuracy by embracing intentional anachronism. With its soundtrack of contemporary music and a contemporary queer progressive sensibility, Dickinson uses anachronism to suggest a new way of thinking about one of the most mythologised and enigmatic of American literary icons. The show self-consciously draws overt parallels between past and present to emphasise the familiarity of the past, rather than its strangeness, thus rejecting triumphalist readings of history and positing a new way for contemporary audiences to understand and access history. Dickinson also suggests a definition of authenticity that is not reliant on the development of a sense of verisimilitude. In its use of intentional anachronism and its insistence on capturing a sense of affective accuracy, Dickinson suggests a new way of thinking about the function and form of historical fiction in the twenty-first century.

Book Review: Her Stories: Daytime Soap Opera & US Television History

Book Review: Her Stories: Daytime Soap Opera & US Television History

Inflammatory pathways amongst people living with HIV in Malawi differ according to socioeconomic status.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increased amongst people living with HIV (PLWH) and are driven by persistent immune activation. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in immune activation amongst PLWH is unknown, especially in low-income sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where such impacts may be particularly severe. We recruited Malawian adults with CD4<100 cells/ul two weeks after starting ART in the REALITY trial (NCT01825031), as well as volunteers without HIV infection. Clinical assessment, socioeconomic evaluation, blood draw for immune activation markers and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were carried out at 2- and 42-weeks post-ART initiation. Socioeconomic risk factors for immune activation and arterial stiffness were assessed using linear regression models. Of 279 PLWH, the median (IQR) age was 36 (31-43) years and 122 (44%) were female. Activated CD8 T-cells increased from 70% amongst those with no education to 88% amongst those with a tertiary education (p = 0.002); and from 71% amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month to 87% amongst those earning between 100-150 USD/month (p = 0.0001). Arterial stiffness was also associated with higher SES (car ownership p = 0.003, television ownership p = 0.012 and electricity access p = 0.029). Conversely, intermediate monocytes were higher amongst those with no education compared to a tertiary education (12.6% versus 7.3%; p = 0.01) and trended towards being higher amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month compared to 100-150 USD/month (10.5% versus 8.0%; p = 0.08). Water kiosk use showed a protective association against T cell activation (p = 0.007), as well as endothelial damage (MIP1β, sICAM1 and sVCAM1 p = 0.047, 0.026 and 0.031 respectively). Socioeconomic risk factors for persistent inflammation amongst PLWH in SSA differ depending on the type of inflammatory pathway. Understanding these pathways and their socioeconomic drivers will help identify those at risk and target interventions for NCDs. Future studies assessing drivers of inflammation in HIV should include an SES assessment.

Preservice Social Studies Teachers’ Views on Middle School Students’ Levels of Historical Literacy

This research aimed to present reasons and solutions that soon-to-graduate preservice social studies teachers expressed in relation to middle school students’ low level of historical literacy as reported in the literature. To this end, we used a basic qualitative research design. The sample consisted of 30 soon-to-graduate preservice teachers (17 women and 13 men) who were studying social studies teaching at the faculty of education of a state university in the 2019-2020 academic year and already served their teaching internship. The data were collected using the semi-structured “Interview form” developed by Keçe (2013). The data were analysed using descriptive analysis. According to the analysis results, the preservice social studies teachers stated that middle school students’ low level of historical literacy was generally due to the methods and techniques used by teachers in teaching historical topics, students’ lack of interest in historical topics, and the lack of parental encouragement. The preservice teachers also highlighted that students should be encouraged to use social media tools properly and the content of historical series, films, documentaries, and television shows should be adjusted to students.

Towards an Environmental History of Television. Water Pollution Issues on Finnish Broadcasting Prior to Earth Day 1970

Abstract If we want to understand the historical expansion of environmental awareness among the great public, then we must answer the questions, who communicated what to whom and how? In addition to traditional print media, television also presumably played a significant role in raising environmental issues to public consciousness. And yet, surprisingly enough, unlike with newspapers, empirical data about television is almost completely lacking. We simply do not know when, where, why and how television started to broadcast environmental news. Consequently our case study can be considered an entrée into the qualitative study of the environmental history of television. Our study focuses on Finnish Broadcasting Company and we explore how water pollution and protection issues were introduced on television to the Finnish public as a part of the 'long' emergence of modern environmental awareness prior to the Earth Day in 1970. The data sources consist of written content reports collected from the database of the television archives as well as digitised versions of original programme recordings. Relying on frame analysis, the article explores the glory days of television, a time when television network heads could expect that almost any programming would attract the undivided attention of its audience in all industrialised nations in the world.

Almost Immortal?

This article sheds theoretical and empirical light on the ritual media events constructed around the deaths of three Cold War political leaders in the 1980s: the Finnish president, Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986), the Swedish prime minister, Olof Palme (1927–1986), and the Soviet Union general secretary, Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982). Investigating news articles published in the first days after the news of each death broke, as well as news articles on the funeral for each and the immediate aftermath, this study utilises historical news television and print media material, obtained from the national and media archives in Finland, Sweden and Russia. By bringing the study of media culture and history into a dialogue shared with anthropology and political history, this article produces new knowledge on the workings and outcomes of ritual media events in the context of Cold War history. The article places special emphasis on Victor Turner’s ritual analysis and the ways in which power was symbolically transformed in these societies with different political and ideological histories.

The Application of the Sales Comparison Affiliate Transaction Provision to New, In-House Streaming Transactions Involving Historical Television Programs, and Their Impact on Profit Participants

In this Article, the Authors discuss how the rise of in-house streaming services will impact profit participation.&nbsp; Specifically, this Article discusses: (1) the vertical integration of the television industry, including the recent advent of in-house streaming services exhibiting content produced by their related-party studios; (2) the context in which the Sales Comparison ATP became a standard provision in profit participant agreements and how this history aids in its interpretation; (3) the meaning and purpose of each sentence and term in the Sales Comparison ATP; and (4) a roadmap for how profit participants may be able to leverage the Sales Comparison ATP to preserve their rights as entertainment conglomerates increasingly use their own streaming platforms to exhibit the valuable library television programs that they own.

Tracing the Ephemeral

This paper examines how Greek television fiction introduced and represented lesbian characters during primetime. Drawing on feminist and queer theory and taking the codes and conventions of the comedy genre into account, the paper reveals Greek comedy’s elusive and ambiguous stances towards heteronormativity. By applying a qualitative textual approach, the paper argues that despite their subversive potentialities, the television shows in question (re)produce cultural stereotypes about lesbian identity, invest in queerbaiting strategies and play down the transgressive elements of certain lesbian characters. Despite this critique, the paper stresses the importance of recording, archiving, and further exploring such ephemeral moments in television history in understanding how small national television industries as well as audiences have engaged with the visual representation of gender and sexual diversity.

History in Motion

The subject of this paper is the use of broadcast media content – newsreels, news reportage and non-fiction documentaries – in the history classroom. Used educationally as sources of evidence, such moving images offer students a valuable learning experience. Drawing on findings from a study involving students analysing media content in a Maltese secondary history classroom, I report how students preferred the documentary-type of broadcast content. Students demonstrated an awareness of disciplinary knowledge when analysing moving images and highlighted certain limitations. Teacher questions were key to driving the analysis forward. I place these findings within the general goal of helping students become visually literate. It is hoped that the reflections offered will help educators maximise the use of broadcast media content to promote effective learning in history and increase awareness among researchers and practitioners of television history and culture about educationally-relevant content.

Downton-Mania. Die Fernsehserie „Downton Abbey“ und ihre Auswirkung auf die Public History und den Filmtourismus

Downton Mania. The Television Series “Downton Abbey” and its Impact on Public History and Film TourismThe following seminar-paper examines the potential of historical television series for historical science. Using the television series "Downton Abbey" as an example, it shows series’ effects on public history and film tourism. The main argument is that historical series increase public interest in history and thus make it possible to communicate historical topics to a broader audience.

Development of a temporally harmonized asset index: evidence from across 50\u2009years of follow up of a birth cohort in Guatemala

BackgroundAsset-based indices are widely-used proxy measures of wealth in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The stability of these indices within households over time is not known.MethodsWe develop a harmonized household asset index using Principal Component Analysis for the participants (n = 2392) of INCAP Longitudinal Study, Guatemala using data from six waves of follow-up over the period of 1965–2018. We estimate its cross-sectional association with parental schooling (in 1967–75) and attained schooling (in 2015–18) of cohort members. We study how patterns of cross-sectional loadings change over time and between urban-rural settings. We assess its robustness to omission of assets or study waves and alternate specifications of factor extraction procedure (exploratory factor analysis, multiple correspondence analysis).ResultsThe harmonized index constructed using 8 assets and 11 housing characteristics explained 32.4% of the variance. Most households increased in absolute wealth over time with median wealth (25th percentile, 75th percentile; households) increasing from − 3.74 (− 4.42, − 3.07; 547) in 1967 to 2.08 (1.41, 2.67; 1145) in 2017–18. Ownership of television, electricity, quality of flooring and sanitary installation explained the largest proportion of variance. The index is positively associated with measures of schooling (maternal: r = 0.16; paternal: r = 0.10; attained: r = 0.35, all p < 0.001). In 2015–18, house ownership versus housing characteristics and ownership of electronic goods differentiate households in urban and rural areas respectively. The index is robust for omission of assets or study waves, indicator categorization and factor extraction method.ConclusionA temporally harmonized asset index constructed from consistently administered surveys in a cohort setting over time may allow study of associations of life-course social mobility with human capital outcomes in LMIC contexts. The approach permits exploration of trends in household wealth of the sample over a follow-up period against repeated cross-sectional surveys which permit the estimation of only the mean trajectory.

Drama production and audiences as ‘affective superaddressee’ in an illiberal democracy

There is a long history of television and film research that highlights the essential roles audiences play in everyday production decisions. Based largely on Western media industries, these studies’ investigations of producer–audience relationships have revolved predominantly around the market concerns of liberal media models. So how do producer–audience relationships work when it comes to illiberal contexts of media production? Using Singapore as a case study, this article argues that existing approaches to producer–audience relations largely based on liberal media industries like Hollywood are insufficient for thinking through audience power in everyday media production in illiberal contexts. Drawing on insights from affect theory, I examine the materials gathered during an immersive ethnography of the writing process of a Singaporean television drama and propose conceptualizing audiences as an ‘affective superaddressee’, as a productive way to think about the work that situational audiences do in everyday media production in illiberal contexts.