Telecommunication Network Services Research Articles

Large-scale quantum key distribution network simulator

The wide range of supported services in modern telecommunication networks has increased the demand for highly secure means of communication. Common security frameworks based on the computational security model are expected to become insecure due to significant advances in quantum computing. Quantum key distribution (QKD), a new secret key agreement primitive, enables long-anticipated practical information-theoretical security (ITS). Over the past two decades, academic and industrial communities have devoted their time and resources to developing QKD-based networks that can distribute and serve ITS keys to remote parties. However, because the availability of QKD network testbeds to the larger research community is limited and the deployment of such systems is costly and difficult, progress in this area is noticeably slow. To address this problem and spur future development and education, we provide a valuable, unique tool for simulating a QKD network. The tool is essential to testing novel network management methodologies applied to large-scale QKD networks. The simulator model contained in the tool was validated by simulating a network with six nodes and three pairs of users. The results indicate that the designed functional elements operate correctly.

Implementation of 5G Telecommunication Network Services in Indonesia based on Techno-economic Analysis

The 2300 MHz spectrum is a medium band that telco operators will not pay much attention to when they deploy 5G. They are more comfortable at 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 28 GHz, in addition to 700 MHz for the breadth of coverage. The performance of cellular telecommunications services based on 5G technology is possible for new operators, although it will be carried out as stand-alone services. This opportunity will be taken by looking at internet subscriber data/data communication from existing operators as active internet users, which is quite large and has a potential of over 250 million users. There has been no previous study regarding the feasibility of deploying this 5G technology-based Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Network. Based on the experience of implementing previous generations of telecommunication service technology, the government and operators need to be careful in determining the right moment to deploy this 5G technology service, which is predicted to be able to provide broadband services with streaming capabilities of 10 to 100 times the streaming speed of 4G technology. It should be noted that the lack of success of 3G performances in 2006 from 2G, 2.5G, and 2.75 G. Almost all operators who were expected to be very lucky turned out to be not optimal; even now, only 4 operators are playing on 3G. where they have not been able to force users of the 2G generation to switch to 3G, including in big cities where the performance of the 3G network is not yet optimal and evenly distributed. Still, many areas are blank spots from 3G networks and services. From this experience, scientific studies are needed to ensure the feasibility of the upcoming 5G BWA business and identify business opportunities that can be implemented. The feasibility analysis must be viewed from various aspects, namely aspects of technical readiness, market aspects, and financial aspects in terms of the techno-economics of the operators who will provide 5G telecommunications services by calculating several essential parameters as a measure of business feasibility, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP).

Implementation of 5G Telecommunication Network Services in Indonesia based on Techno-economic Analysis

The 2300 MHz spectrum is a medium band that telco operators will not pay much attention to when they deploy 5G. They are more comfortable at 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 28 GHz, in addition to 700 MHz for the breadth of coverage. The performance of cellular telecommunications services based on 5G technology is possible for new operators, although it will be carried out as stand-alone services. This opportunity will be taken by looking at internet subscriber data/data communication from existing operators as active internet users, which is quite large and has a potential of over 250 million users. There has been no previous study regarding the feasibility of deploying this 5G technology-based Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Network. Based on the experience of implementing previous generations of telecommunication service technology, the government and operators need to be careful in determining the right moment to deploy this 5G technology service, which is predicted to be able to provide broadband services with streaming capabilities of 10 to 100 times the streaming speed of 4G technology. It should be noted that the lack of success of 3G performances in 2006 from 2G, 2.5G, and 2.75 G. Almost all operators who were expected to be very lucky turned out to be not optimal; even now, only 4 operators are playing on 3G. where they have not been able to force users of the 2G generation to switch to 3G, including in big cities where the performance of the 3G network is not yet optimal and evenly distributed. Still, many areas are blank spots from 3G networks and services. From this experience, scientific studies are needed to ensure the feasibility of the upcoming 5G BWA business and identify business opportunities that can be implemented. The feasibility analysis must be viewed from various aspects, namely aspects of technical readiness, market aspects, and financial aspects in terms of the techno-economics of the operators who will provide 5G telecommunications services by calculating several essential parameters as a measure of business feasibility, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP).

ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF FUNCTIONING OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

The rapid development and spread of information and communication technologies is taking on the character of a global information revolution today. Users have a need for communication services that can be flexibly configured. Next Generation Networks (NGN) - the modern stage of development of telecommunication networks (TCN) - represent a single transport platform on the basis of which various types of services are combined. One of the main aspects that should be taken into account when designing NGN is the provision of appropriate quality of service. With the introduction of multi-service networks, the approach to the task of service level based on the requirements of the users themselves for the quality of services becomes predominant, which requires the improvement of methods of managing the quality of services in TCN. The analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists regarding service quality management in TCN indicates the need to improve service quality management methods. It should be noted that in the works on the quality management of telecommunication services (TCS), attention is mainly paid to the technical indicators of the quality of services, while the development of effective methods of taking into account the user's opinion in managing the quality of services is currently relevant. The existing subjective methods of assessing the quality of TCS take into account the quality of the transmitted media information based on expert assessments, but do not provide a full assessment of the quality of the service by the user. The ITU-T recommendations describe different points of view on the quality of service, but do not provide specific methods for evaluating and managing the quality of TCS taking into account the opinion of the user. It is the unsolved task of comprehensive assessment of the quality of services in next-generation TCN that determined the purpose of this work.

Customers Reactions on Service Delivery by Major Telecommunications Operators in Nigerian Newspapers

Data from the Nigeria Communications Commission (NCC) stated that MTN lost a record of 667,245 Internet subscribers in one month in 2019.Figure shows that MTN’s total Internet subscribers stood at 52.2 million in July 2019 while the number dropped to 51.6 million in August 2019. It was observed that customers’ reactions bordered on issues ranging from unsolicited calls and short message services (SMS), unsubstantiated deductions of call credit units, poor service connection, network failure, cumbersome SIM swap process among others. This paper, thus, examines two Nigerian national dailies-The Punch and The Nation newspapers coverage of customers’ reaction to mobile telecommunication network services from 2015 to 2017. Using the content analysis research method, the study is anchored on the Social Exchange theory. The findings revealed a significant pattern of more negative than positive reactions by subscribers within the years under study. The negative complaints were high in 2015, dropped significantly in 2016, and rose again in 2017. On this, MTN recorded 15 (or 32%); Airtel 13 (or 28%), Glo10 (or 21%), while Etisalat (now 9Mobile) was 9 (or 19%), as against Etisalat (9 Mobile), 9 (or 19%), Glo 4 (or 8%) and Airtel 3 (or 6%) positive reactions by the customers during the period. Study thus recommends that Nigerian newspapers should once in a while carryout a survey on quality of service delivery by GSM operators and use such stories on the front page of their respective newspapers.

Route Optimization and Delivery of Short Message Service in Telecommunication Networks

Route Optimization and Delivery of Short Message Service in Telecommunication Networks

A Multi-Stakeholder Modeling Framework for the Techno-Economic Analysis of Telecommunication Networks

Services in telecommunication networks depend on distributed communication, computation, storage, and sensing resources. These resources are owned, operated, and used by different stakeholders. The stakeholders have their own preferences concerning technical or economic attributes associated with investing in, developing, deploying, and using telecommunication technologies. In this work, we propose a novel multi-stakeholder modeling framework for the techno-economic analysis of telecommunication networks considering the preferences of each stakeholder. To analyze autonomous decisions made by each stakeholder, we first present how to identify stakeholders, their utility functions, and how to elicit and integrate their preferences into their utility functions. Furthermore, we highlight important aspects regarding the interactions between stakeholders, such as conflicts of interests, information exchange and information asymmetries, and mutually beneficial interdependencies. Finally, we discuss how to design algorithms to solve multi-stakeholder problems in a given scenario and how to evaluate the results. Using concrete examples from edge computing, mobile crowdsensing, and device-to-device data forwarding, we show three applications of the proposed techno-economic multi-stakeholder modeling framework.

Assessing the Impact of Satellite Internet in Rural Areas: A Case of C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana

The internet has become an essential part of the world today. The internet will need to reach a wide range of individuals’ family members, friends, acquaintances, or even share data or information with a group of people. Imagine a constant and reliable internet connection, regardless of location or place. The CKT-UTAS (C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences) Campus is an example of an area where internet connection is inferior and unreliable. This research work studied the benefits and limitations of satellite internet, which can be a solution to the current state of internet connection unreliability on the CKT-UTAS campus and derive into the benefits it will provide to the university if implemented. This study aimed to compare the current telecommunication network services to the Satellite Internet services, analyses the awareness level of Satellite Internet in rural areas and examine the significance of Satellite Internet technology in rural areas. In-depth research was done by administering questionnaires and studying other related works on this study to gather all the necessary information. After the data were analyzed, it was concluded that the Satellite Internet had more advantages that are significant in rural areas than the Current/Traditional Internet.

Spatial distribution of telecommunication network services (Zain Iraq) in Al-Ramadi city and its efficiency by using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

The research aimed is studying telecommunications networks (Zain Iraq) in Al-Ramadi city, in terms of spatial distribution to know its efficiency. The western part of the city with unserved areas up to (688 hectares) of the total area of the city, at a rate of (11،6%). This research is based on setting a realistic future vision for improving the network performance and reaching upgrading the telephone services to an acceptable degree of efficient communication, locative distribution and redistribution of towers, and opening new axes that can deliver the service to areas of population and economic importance for achieving social justice. From here the aims of the research that came out have been crystallized to the extent of the importance of geographical information systems (GIS), which gave another dimension to digital databases in terms of spatial linking of information, indicating land uses and studying changes that contribute to the optimal planning of the city.

Toward integrating bidirectional multiband data and power transmission using double clad optical fibers for the next generation disaster resilient managing communication systems

AbstractDuring the cyclones and floods, all through the nation, the telecommunication network services were the most hit, leaving numerous individuals stripped from the ability to contact their precious ones. This paper is to demonstrate potential communications during such power blackouts. The double clad fiber is used for optically powering, transmitting and receiving the data to and from the remote antenna units by the Bidirectional method. The RoF multiband signals such as baseband, millimeter wave, and microwave, are transmitted and received bidirectionally by the single mode core, and power in outer clad to the Remote Antenna Unit. By the proposed RoF link transmission of 1 Gbps over a 100‐Km DCF with an optical power of about12.0 W is achieved.

Some Problematic Issues of Judicial Protection of Copyright and Related Rights Violated in the Information and Telecommunications Network

Russian legislation provides for measures of civil protection of infringed intellectual property rights. Protection measures include, for example, restricting access or deleting materials that are used in information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, if such use violates copyright or related rights. During the period of application of the legislation concerning the protection of copyright and related rights violated in information and telecommunication networks, certain judicial practice has already been formed and certain approaches have been developed. But the introduction of new technologies, the use of new services in information and telecommunication networks creates new uncertainties. The purpose of this article is to identify problematic aspects that require not only additional theoretical research, but also, possibly, changes in legislation. Based on the analysis of the legislation on intellectual property and information protection, as well as judicial practice, some problematic issues have been identified that arise in judicial consideration of cases related to copyright and related rights infringement. Problematic issues include, in particular, the use without the permission of the copyright holder of copyright and related rights objects placed in cloud services, indication in judicial decisions of the domain name of the website or other network resource, the possibility of an unlimited ban on placement on a certain website or other network resource of the object copyright and related rights.

ASSESSMENT OF CAPABILITY LEVEL AND IT GOVERNANCE IMPROVEMENT BASE ON COBIT 5 AND ITIL V3 2011 FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY PT. XYZ

Maintaining the service performance was the responsibility of the service company. As an organization providing telecommunications network services both satellite and terrestrial networks, decreasing service performance was an indication of IT governance problems in the organization. For understanding the extent of the IT governance in the organization, the assessment of capability level was required. COBIT 5 was the framework for assessing IT processes capability level and combined with the ITIL V3 2011 framework. This research methodology begins with problem identification in the organization, determining the ITIL V3 2011 service lifecycle 2011 related to the problem, and mapping ITIL V3 2011 processes with COBIT 5 processes. The mapping results obtained IT processes of COBIT 5 and then selected based on their relevance to the organization's problems and assessed its capability level using the PAM (Process Assessment Model) method which refers to the ISO/IEC 15504 standard. By defining a target of capability level, it can be performed gap analysis, prioritized process improvement, determined KPI (Key Performance Indicators), and provided recommendation activities of each IT process. Based on the assessment of 12 IT processes capability showed that the capability level of IT processes in the organization is level 1 (performed) with 8 processes and level 2 (managed) with 4 processes. To improve it, COBIT 5 has provided guidance and recommendations for each IT process activity.

Correlation between Individual Characteristics and Rest Break with Work-related Fatigue on Telecommunication Network Service Workers

Introduction: Work-related fatigue on workers are usually caused by some factors such as individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break. This research aims to analyze the correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers. Method: This research used an observational analytic and a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample in this research were all 32 workers at I-OAN unit in a telecommunication network service company. The independent variables in this study were age, work period, nutritional status, and rest break, while the dependent variable was work-related fatigue. Data were obtained throughquestionnaires about individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break filled by workers. The data were also obtained through the Industrial Fatique Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaires filled by workers. All of the data in this study were analyzed with the Spearman correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: The majority of I-OAN unit workers are in the age range of 25-29 years (46.9%), have 3-4 years of work period (56.2%), and have normal nutritional status (40.6%). For the rest break variable, there are16 workers (50%) who have <30 minutes rest break and also 16 workers (50%) who have ≥ 30 minutes rest break. Conclusion: There is a correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers.Keywords: individual characteristics, rest break, work-related fatigue

Understanding Why People Change Their Technology Use in Protests: User Study on Ebonyi State Mobile Telecommunication Subscribers Experiences

The rise in consumers complains against their service/tech providers has empowered government of various nations to set up Consumer Complaint Commissions. Some corporate organizations who wish to handle the complaints of their customers usually set up an in-house/internal customer care centres, a platform through which they attend to their customers’ needs. This research therefore is interested in exploring the reasons for user-protests among the mobile telecommunication subscribers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria against their network service providers. To arrive at this, we designed a research questionnaire to capture the experiences of the subscribers of the 4 major mobile telecommunication network service provider companies operating in the state. The participants were recruited through physical administration of research instrument and social media such as facebook, whatsapp and email platforms with a total of 72 participants feedbacks received. The users responses on the various issues raised on our questionnaire were thematically analyzed and represented using adequate data presentation tools. Our results proved that there are growing numbers of disgruntled customers among subscribers of the various network providers. From our survey, we gathered that 81.90% of the respondents have engaged in protest use at one point or the other against their service providers with MTN network topping the list with 36.50%, followed by GLO network 27%, Airtel network 23.80% and 9 Mobile 12.70%. Finally, we proposed a design prototype named “Komplain” that will serve as rallying system for the protest users to use and prosecute their actions. The system can also recommend actions which the protesters may undertake.

Reconfiguration Aware Orchestration for Network Function Virtualization With Time-Varied Workload in Virtualized Datacenters

Network function virtualization (NFV) is an emerging paradigm that has revolutionized the deployment and provisioning of telecommunication network services (NS). In NFV, a network service is implemented as a chain of network functions (NFs). NFs are virtualized and packaged into virtual network functions (VNF), so that they can be decoupled from the physical middleboxes and dynamically deployed on standard virtualization platforms in cloud or datacenters. Therefore, NFV has the potential to provide significant cost reductions in operating expenses (OPEX) and capital expenses (CAPEX) and increased agility for network service deployments. However, to build and manage a network function virtualization infrastructure (NFVI) is challenging. One of the key problems is to determine the mapping between underlying physical resources and VNFs in order to minimize energy consumption without violating service-level agreements (SLA). Many previous studies use embedding solutions to solve the problem by only considering the resource demand of NS and the resource capacity of physical network at a given time instance. But in practice, the resource demands of NS can vary over time, hence the embedding decision must be reconfigured accordingly. Many techniques can be used for reconfiguration, including resource scaling, instance migration and traffic re-direction. But each of these operation is associated with some costs, such as service interruptions, and additional resource or energy consumption. In this work, we investigate various reconfiguration strategies, formulate their costs by designing a model in the NFV placement problem, and propose Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic solutions, called REAP. In our evaluation, we observed 60% and 25% cost reduction for energy and reconfiguration costs, and we analyze the cost reduction from each of the reconfiguration methods to validate the design of our heuristic algorithm.

A Study to Identify and Profile Consumer Segments in the Mobile Telecommunication Services Market

Modern day mobile telecommunication network service business is quite challenging and complex. The consumer has been provided with a plethora of options and offers. Unlimited talk time plans, data packages, voice and SMS plans, etc. have changed the way the telecom business operates. Mobile number portability (MNP) has been the biggest game changer. An understanding of consumers at length is thus imperative. This research paper focused on proper segmentation and profiling of consumer segments with an aim to provide sharper and focused marketing programs. The paper highlighted the emergence of two different types of consumer segments namely, the Conventionalist and the Techi. It would be immensely useful for telecom companies to understand consumers’ tastes, habits, preferences, and personality with a view to link them with consumer purchase patterns. Both the segments were found to exhibit quite a few contrasting features and as such could be exploited for concentrated marketing communications. The results indicated that unless and until consumers are regarded as lifetime prospects, companies would find it very difficult to retain consumers. From chota recharge to unlimited talk time, companies have leaped milestones and come a long way, and this has been only possible because of effective segmentation of consumers on geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioural bases/parameters. This study used elements of factor analysis and cluster analysis along with behavioural modelling to derive segments’ personality traits.

Supporting Telecommunication Alarm Management System With Trouble Ticket Prediction

Fault alarm data emanated from heterogeneous telecommunication network services and infrastructures are exploding with network expansions. Managing and tracking the alarms with trouble tickets using manual or expert rule-based methods have become challenging due to increase in the complexity of alarm management systems and demand for deployment of highly trained experts. As the size and complexity of networks hike immensely, identifying semantically identical alarms, generated from heterogeneous network elements from diverse vendors, with data-driven methodologies, has become imperative to enhance efficiency. In this article, data-driven trouble ticket prediction models are proposed to leverage alarm management systems. To improve performance, feature extraction, using a sliding time window and feature engineering, from related history alarm streams, is also introduced. The models were trained and validated with a data set provided by the largest telecommunication provider in Italy. The experimental results showed the promising efficacy of the proposed approach in suppressing false positive alarms with trouble ticket prediction.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF SLICE SERVICE RESOURCES IN 5G NETWORKS

The trend of mobile networks 5G is growing with the increase in the number of users and the speed of transmission. Many operators are turning to small cellular and internal coverage of telecommunication network services. Due to the emergence of software-specific network technologies and virtualization of network functions, the ISP can deploy its networks more flexibly and dynamically. In addition to changing the model for deploying a wireless mobile network, it also determines the tendency for micro-operators to develop (μO). Communication operators can provide regional network services through public buildings, shopping malls or industrial facilities. In addition, localized network services are provided and bandwidth consumption is reduced. The distributed μO architecture meets the computing requirements for applications, data, and services from the cloud data center to the peripheral network devices or the micro-data center μO. The μO service model is able to reduce network latency in response to applications with a low latency for the future 5G boundary computing environment. This article discusses the design of the micro-operator 5G and proposes a mechanism for redirecting flows based on the decision tree (DTBFR) to redirect traffic flows to neighboring service nodes. The DTBFR mechanism allows different microcontrollers to share network resources and accelerate the development of border computing in the future.

Statistical Power Profiling of Various Network Switches

In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, because many organizations and business firms do not compromise on networking services, therefore this efficiency of networking services can be achieved only if there are reliable and proficient networking components. To provide exemplary networking services it is necessary to know what are the parameters for networking components. A standout amongst the most vital parameters is the vitality utilization or energy utilization of networking components. Subsequently, there is a need for power profiling of the network switches. Power usage of different kinds of switches, under various load scenarios are tested and recorded. The tool that we have used in this research paper to measure the powerusage factor of various switches is emonpi.

Analysis Of Stock Price At Pt. Telkom Indonesia Tbk Before And After Having Damage On Its Satelit

This study aims to determine the stock price of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk before and after damage to the Telkom 1 satellite. In the telecommunications industry, it is very important to know the financial performance in order to achieve the company's goals. The main goal of the company is to maximize the value of the company. High company value can increase prosperity for shareholders, so that shareholders will invest their capital in the company. The value of the company is reflected in the stock price. In Indonesia the government has a telecommunications industry which is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), namely PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk, as the most complete information and communication company and telecommunication network service and provider in Indonesia. PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk has a stock price which increases every year from year to year. Towards the end of 2017 PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk suffered damage to the Telkom 1 satellite, so PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk transferred its network to Telkom 2 satellite. there is a significant difference in the stock price after the damage to the Telkom satellite 1. The stock price before the damage to the Telkom 1 satellite is Rp. 4,730,67 while the share price after the damage to the Telkom 1 satellite was Rp. 4,704.00, which means a stock price decline after the damage to Telkom 1 satellite. Keyword: Analysis, Stock Price.