Tehran University Of Medical Sciences Research Articles

Assessment of relationship of mental health and quality of life of COVID-19 Survivors in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2021

IntroductionSurvivors from Covid-19 are more prone to psychological distress due to their experience of illness, hospitalization, and severe conditions. Diseases can also affect patients’ quality of life. Nursing of these patients is not limited to hospitalized patients and paying attention to the mental health status and quality of life of patients is one of the roles and responsibilities of nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and quality of life of Covid-19 survivors in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021.ObjectivesDue to the disturbance in mental health and the decrease in the quality of life of the survivors of this disease, the results of the research can be used for policy making and rehabilitation planning for those who have recovered from this disease. Also, considering that the covid-19 virus may remain for years and infect many people, supporting and controlling the physical and mental conditions of these people in the long term can help to increase the quality of life and improve their mental health.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study in which the mental health and quality of life of 276 survivors of Covid-19 who were hospitalized in three hospitals of Imam khomeini, Shariati and Baharloo between February 2020 and July 2020 were examined. Data were collected by using demographic and clinical information questionnaire, 12-item general health questionnaire and 36-item quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16 software at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe results showed that the general health (mental health) score of the participants in this study one year after Covid-19 was equal to 6/26 ± 2/75 and 231 survivor of Covid-19 (83.7%) score more than 3 they had. Regarding quality of life, the results showed that the dimensions of energy and vitality, and general health, had the lowest scores with an average of 53.3 and 54.71 (out of 100 points), respectively.There is an inverse relationship between mental health and all aspects of quality of life, so that with the deterioration of mental health status in Covid-19 survivors, their quality of life score decreases.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that the mental health status of a large percentage of Covid-19 survivors is impaired and there is also a significant and inverse relationship between the total score of mental health and dimensions of quality of life and their total score of quality of life. Paying attention to the mental health problems of Covid-19 survivors by health system staff, especially nurses, and choosing supportive strategies for them is one of the priorities that should be considered. Psychological support for these people can improve their mental health and indirectly increase their quality of life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in non-16/18 high-risk human papilloma virus positive/cytology negative women: An alternative approach in poor resource areas.

Because the specific prevalence and carcinogenesis of non-16/18 high-risk (hr) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is not fully understood, we designed a study with aim of evaluating the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in non-16/18 hr-HPV positive/cytology negative cases and assessing the distribution of non-16/18 hr-HPV subtypes. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 non-16/18 hr-HPV positive/cytology negative women, who were referred to the gynecologic oncology clinic of Yas hospital, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, January 2021 to 2022. Among the detected types, HPV 31 was the most frequent type. 63 cases underwent biopsy as indicated based on colposcopic examination with acetic acid 3% application among which 34 had normal results. In the remaining 29 cases, 25 had insignificant findings. CIN2 was reported in 2 cases, one with HPV 31, 45, 58, and the other with HPV 58. CIN3 was also detected in 2 cases, one with HPV 31 and the other with HPV 35, 45. The overall incidence of high-grade CIN was 2.8%. A statistically significant (P-value=0.046) difference was detected between patients with high-grade CIN compared with the others regarding the Hookah usage. The risk of CIN among non-16/18 hr-HPV positive/cytology negative cases is noticeably low. Based on ASCCP guidelines return testing at 1 year without immediate colposcopy seems sufficient; however, because of many reasons doing immediate colposcopy rather than 1-year follow-up may be a more accessible approach in resource poor, low-income countries such as ours.

Dental students' knowledge about protective guidelines for clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in China, in December 2019, spread worldwide promptly and turned into an outbreak which caused an international public health concern. The novel coronavirus which is also called SARS-CoV-2 transmits predominantly by respiratory droplets and the spread pattern of this infection throughout the community became a big challenge encountering the dental profession. Recently several guidelines have been developed for dental clinicians to protect both patients and practitioners, agents this infection. The aim of this study was to estimate the knowledge of dental students about the content of protective guidelines for clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was developed by a team of specialists which were the faculty member of Tehran University of Medical sciences according to the content of the protective guidelines of ADA for dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was validated and its reliability was confirmed by retesting 10 samples after 2 weeks with a cronbach alpha of 0.9. The online questionnaire was sent to 4 dental schools in the city of Tehran and was fill out by 170 dental students. The mean knowledge score for all 170 participants was 16.23 out of 32 (50.72%) with the maximum score of 24 (75.0%) and the minimum score of 1 (3.1%). There was a significant relationship between the gender of participants and their knowledge score (p=0.032) in the way that male students had significantly higher score than females. Students with more advanced educational level achieved higher knowledge scores. (p=0.038) However, there were no significant correlation between other variables and the students' knowledge score. (p>0.05). Dental students had acceptable knowledge about the general protocols against corona virus in terms of hand hygiene, wearing face masks, surface sanitization and diagnostic symptoms of a patient susceptible to be infected by corona virus. However, mostly they were not aware of the details of the guideline's items which makes it crucial to add related content in the dental students' educational curriculum.

Evaluating and comparing critical thinking skills of residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

BackgroundToday’s complexities and diversity in the clinical setting have revealed the need to pay attention to strengthening critical thinking (CT) skills. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare CT skills in the residents of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. The study's statistical population included 284 residents in orthopedic, internal medicine, and surgery groups studying in the PGY1 to PGY4 years of residency. The data collection tool was the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) form B. The collected data were entered into SPSS-16 software and analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (one-way ANOVA) statistics. The significant level in all tests was considered at P < 0.05.Results189 out of 284 residents completed and returned the questionnaire, and the response rate was 66%. The mean CT skill score of residents (M = 13.81, SD = 3.52) was lower than the optimal level (M = 17.1 SD = 5.0). Comparing the mean CT skill scores of the residents separately for the residency year revealed a significant decrease in CT scores in the 4 years. A significant difference was found between the CT skill scores in the three groups (internal medicine, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery).ConclusionThe CT skills of the residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were generally below the optimal level. The CT score of the residents show an increase in PGY2, but a decrease in PGY3 and PGY4. Due to the emphasis of accreditation institutions, the World Federation for Medical Education, and other international educational institutions on the importance of critical thinking, it is recommended to pay more attention to the factors related to the promotion and development of CT skills in residency programs.

Withdrawal: Explaining the concept of moral resilience among intensive care unit nurses.

There are many studies that indicate moral distress is a widespread problem in health care systems. However, some nurses are able to moderate moral distress and show competence and resilience in morally tense situations. The aim of this study is to explain the concept of moral resilience using the experiences of nurses working in intensive care units. This is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach guided by the method of Elo and Kyngäs in 2008 and based on the theoretical framework of Defilippis et al. in 2020. The study sample included all nurses working in intensive care units, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected through 17 in-depth, individual, and semi-structured interviews with 17 nurses. Elo and Kyngäs method was used to analyze the data. Data management was also performed by MAXQDA software version 20. This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All ethical guidelines in research were followed. The results of present study support the theory of Defilippis et al., while adding another category to it. Four categories of awareness and self-awareness, harmonious connection, improvement of moral agency, and moral well-being were extracted from the data. Explanatory theory resulted from the study of Defilippis et al. can be used as a guide to cultivate and improve moral resilience skills in nurses working in intensive care units. Nurturing and improving individual capacities such as self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-confidence in nurses to maintain and promote morality and also establishing a harmonious connection between the treatment team members help to foster moral resilience in the intensive care unit nurses. Acquiring the moral resilience skills can lead to positive consequences, while preventing the negative consequences of moral distress.

History of Small for Gestational Age at Birth With Verbal and Non-verbal Intelligence: A Case-Control Study Among Preschool Children.

Advances in technology and treatments have improved the survival rate of small for gestational age (SGA) infants that need more concern for their neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the present study, we hypothesized that a history of SGA may affect verbal and non-verbal intelligence indices among pre-school children. A case-control study was conducted at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran-Iran, 2020). Totally 232 children entered the study. An expert pediatrician examined all included subjects. Based on birth weight (extracted from medical records), participants were divided into the case (born SGA) and control (born Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)) groups. Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) and Conners tests were implemented to assess intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal, attention, development, and executive functions. Finally, total scores were compared between groups. Totally, 232 preschool children were included in the study. Of all, 114 (49.1%) and 118 (50.9%) subjects had the history of born SGA and AGA, respectively. The results related to WISC scores showed that the mean WISC-verbal score among children born SGA was significantly higher than children born AGA; (114.288±18.130 vs. 108.898±20.145; P=0.024). This significant difference was associated with Vocabulary (13.531±2.843 vs. 12.745±3.242; p=0.046) and Similarities (14.054±3.630 vs. 13.279±4.898; p=0.048) domains between the groups. The results related to different domains of the Conners test also showed that the mean scores of Inattention (B) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder score (D) in the case group were higher than these scores in the control group; however, these differences were not significant (4.929±3.511 vs. 4.906±4.300; p=0.495 &10.371±5.867 vs. 10.093±7.588; p=0.211). Our results indicated that the development of non-verbal intelligence in children born with SGA had been delayed. This finding shows that these children may need more consideration during the preschool period and after that.

The role of motivational components in metamotivational monitoring in medical students: a mixed method study

BackgroundIn metamotivational monitoring, students try to identify the declined motivational component in order to regulate their motivation. There is scarcity of evidence on which motivational components are targeted by the medical students when they use each motivational regulation strategies. This study aims were identifying motivational components in motivational regulation process, developing a measurement tool and, testing the predictive relationship between the motivational components and motivational regulation strategies.MethodsThis exploratory sequential design mixed method study is part of a project has been started from 2018 with medical students at Tehran University of Medical Science. First, in a qualitative study conducting a semi-structured in-depth interview, the motivational components were explored. The interviews continued until saturation of data. Then, in a psychometric study the validity and reliability evidence of questionnaire obtained. In the quantitative study, applying the convenience sampling method, 508 students completed the questionnaires. Predictive relation between the motivational regulation strategies and motivational components was assessed utilising Structural Equation Modelling. Path coefficients, T-Value, and R2 index were reported by SmartPLS software.ResultsIn the Exploratory Factor Analysis of Motivational Components Questionnaire (MCQ), 6 factors were discovered that explained 74% of the total variance. All paths in seven models of SEM showed a T-Value above 1.96 that means there is a significant correlation between all strategies and components. In examining the predictive relationships, each of the four components of self-efficacy, intrinsic value, self-relevant value and promotion value were specifically predicted by two motivational regulation strategies.ConclusionsEvidence of validity and reliability of the MCQ indicates that this questionnaire can be used in medical education contexts. Health Profession Educators can improve the academic motivation of students by identifying one or more declined motivational component and teaching specific motivational regulation strategies. It is recommended to hold training courses on motivational regulation strategies for medical school faculty, study-skills advisors, and students.

An Investigation of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Therapeutic Communication with Patients.

Therapeutic Communication (TC) is the process of purposeful and understandable communication between patients and caregivers, which helps facilitate optimized care. Here, we assessed nursing students' interaction with patients and its related factors. In this descriptive-analytical study, a convenience sample of 240 undergraduate nursing students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, completed consent forms, a demographic information questionnaire, and a TC questionnaire in 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. TC score of most students was moderate and good, with the mean (SD) of 143.07 (12.86). Factors, including gender (Χ2 = 8.02, p ≤ 0.01), semester (Χ2 = 4.01, p ≤ 0.05), employment (r = 0.49, p ≤ 0.01), and workshop attendance (r = 0.80, p ≤ 0.01), influenced the students' TC knowledge and skills. Future nurses' TC can be improved by part-time employment and practical training. Conducting more research with a larger sample size from all nursing faculties is suggested.

Explaining the Role of Experiences in Shaping the Professional Identity of Medical Residents of Tehran University Medical Sciences

Background: The important central theme in the career is one’s professional self-concept based on attributes, beliefs, values, motives, and experiences regarding the professional identity. Recently, there has been a growing interest in how a physician's professional identity is shaped by education and experience. Objectives: This study aimed to illuminate the role of experience in shaping the professional identity of Tehran University of Medical Sciences medical residents. Methods: Eighteen 26 - 40 years old residents (male and female) in four Major specialty groups, including obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, and internal medicine, participated in this qualitative content analysis study. Sampling was done in four specialty hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results: Results showed four main categories of effective experiences in Shaping of residents' professional identity formation, including interpersonal communication experiences, independent professional work, general medical education course, knowledge, and educational background.in this study also, sub-categories extracted from the findings were: (1) forced scheme; (2) symbolic events; (3) learnt competencies of GP; (4) beneficial reforms and integration in general medical education; (5) the education quality level among families; and (6) the education quality level among schools and institutes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the previous unique constructive experiences of assistants are one of the most important underlying factors in shaping their professional identity. Interpersonal communication experiences, independent professional work, general medicine training courses, and knowledge and educational background are the unique experiences of any assistant. By creating constructive experiences, it is possible to positively affect the formation of the professional identity of the assistants so that they can be accountable to society.

Prevalence of Malnutrition among Hospitalized Elderly Patients in Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Background: Following the improvement in health status and life expectancy in developing countries, the elderly population is increasing. Elderly malnutrition is common across healthcare services and is associated with high costs and adverse outcomes. This study assesses the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly patients in the selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly patients aged 65 years or older in 6 selected hospitals between June and September 2015. Using convenience sampling method, a total of 451 patients were included. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.49 ± 6.60 year and 55.5% were female. The prevalence of malnutrition was 27.3%. A total of 30.8% were at risk of malnutrition, and 41.9% had a normal nutritional status. There were significant associations between nutritional status and chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI), mobility, psychological condition, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference, and more than three prescription drugs per day (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: A satisfactory nutritional status was found among most hospitalized elderly. Future studies with follow-up during and after hospitalization are required.

Effect of motivational interviewing on oral and dental health of adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances

Introduction: Orthodontic appliances increase the risk of dental caries and gum disease. Since it is rather difficult to maintain oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances due to the presence of brackets, bands, and arch wires, they should be persuaded to take care of their oral cavity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an oral and dental health educational intervention using motivational interviewing in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Thirty adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances aged 12-16 years presenting to orthodontics departments of school of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, received individual counselling, verbal guidelines, and training for correct brushing and flossing techniques by a senior student of dentistry during a 20-minute motivational interview. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, oral health behaviors including brushing, flossing, and consumption of sugary snacks were collected in a self-report manner. Moreover, plaque and gingival indexes were measured before and one-month post intervention. The SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis.&#x0D; Results: Among oral health behaviors, optimal frequency of brushing increased after the intervention (p=0.002). The mean plaque index was 0.99±0.43 before and 0.37±0.16 after the intervention, indicating a significant difference (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the mean gingival index (average inflammation) was 0.99±0.56 before the intervention, which improved to 0.30±0.20 after the intervention (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Educational intervention based on motivational interviewing reduced dental plaques and gingival inflammation and increased the frequency of brushing in the short term among adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION OF ANTI OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF PHYTOSOMES FORMULATIONS OF MORINDA LUCIDA BENTH

Introduction: Lucid morinda (L) A medium-sized evergreen tree of the Morinda genus, the Benth (M. lucida, Rubiaceae) is a tropical West African rainforest plant that is also known as the Brimstone tree. In several West African nations, it is utilized in traditional medicine to cure a variety of human ailments. Phytosomes are freshly developed herbal formulations that have superior bioavailability and effects than traditional phyto molecules or botanical extracts because they are more readily absorbed. The goals of the current study were to evaluate ethanolic leaf extract of M. lucida's phytosomes, in vitro antioxidant properties, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses, and phytosome formation. Methods: The ethanolic plant extract and cholesterol-containing phospholipids were used to make the phytosome. The entrapment efficiency, particle size and size distribution, optical microscopic research, stability tests, and in vitro dissolution investigations were used to characterize phytosomes. Alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins were found by phytochemical examination. Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of M. lucida contained 0.721 mg of total phenols and 0.464 mg of total alkaloids per 100 mg. Using industry-standard procedures, the ethanolic leaf extract's in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated against the DPPH assay technique. Combining phospholipids and M. lucida can have a synergistic impact, which can be measured using the DPPH model for free radical scavenging activity. The optimised batch F10's particle size and entrapment efficiency were found to be 223.30±0.41 nm and 76.46±0.61 nm, respectively. Conclusion: It can be employed as a targeted medicine delivery system in the future for applications such as liver, brain, heart, etc. protection. The use of novel approaches rather than traditional methods for delivering herbal drugs increases the bioavailability of polar extracts and boosts patient compliance. Peer Review History: Received: 28 October 2022; Revised: 27 November; Accepted: 3 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Hasniza Zaman Huri, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, hasnizazh@ummc.edu.my Similar Articles: NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, CONSTITUENTS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POWDER FRACTIONS OF FICUS DICRANOSTYLA MILDBREAD LEAVES IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OF YEMENI FAGONIA SCHWEINFURTHII HADIDI CYTOTOXIC EFFECT, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF PLEIOGYNIUM TIMORENSE SEEDS

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION FORMULATIONS OF LORNOXICAM

Background and aims: Microemulsions (ME) basically are the mixture of oil, surfactant (SA) and water, with a co surfactant (Co-SA) in different ratio. This mixture is clear and stable. The final prepared fluid possesses low viscosity. ME are isotropic, stable transparent systems of with a droplets diameter&gt;500 nm. Due to small droplets size, they may serve an excellent carrier for drugs having poor water solubility. Lornoxicam is derivative of allylamine, and is used orally in the treatment of hepatic failure, neutropenia. Methods: In the present study an attempt was made to increase solubility of Lornoxicam by the means of ME formulations. Oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were selected based on their solubility criteria. Total 5 formulations were developed using water titration method. Prepared formulations were evaluated on different parameters. Results: The percent transmission was found to be in the range of 98.48±0.15to 99.42±0.04. Refractive index for the micro emulsion formulations was found to be in the range of 1.3218±0.009 to 1.3720±0.021. Percent drug content was found to be in the range of 98.47±0.08 to 99.75±0.21. ME5 has shown faster drug release 91.2±0.06% in an in-vitro study of 4 hrs. Conclusion: Study concluded that the means of microemulsions formulations solubility of Lornoxicam can be enhanced. Peer Review History: Received: 15 November 2022; Revised: 8 December; Accepted: 9 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANO EMULGEL OF TERBINAFINE

CLINICAL EFFECTS OF PLATELETS RICH FIBRIN (PRF) FOLLOWING SURGICAL EXTRACTION OF IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLARS AMONG A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS

Background and aims: Third molar surgery is one of the most frequent procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Pain, trismus, and swelling are the majority symptoms that have an impact on patients' quality of life. Haemorrhage, alveolitis and infections are general complications. Several endeavors have been through to decrease the possibility of complications and make better patients' quality of life, such as the administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or the administration of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The aim of this study is to determine the clinical consequences of PRF subsequent to surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars among a sample of Yemeni adults by evaluate the PRF effect on postoperative complications of pain, swelling, and mouth opening and to compare the difference in the healing process between the PRF surgery site and the control site. Methods: The prospective study consisted of 36 patients who obtainable for subtraction of an impacted bilateral mandibular molar. Subsequent to extraction, plugs were filled up with PRF or without PRF in the study (18 patients) and comparative control (18 patients) groups, respectively. Postoperative edema was calculated using a flexible tape measure by estimating the distance between several facial features on the 2nd to the 7th postoperative days. Postoperative pain was assessed using a line-type visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal scale (VRS); and trismus by caliper scales. Epi-Info version 7.0 was used for data analysis. Results: There were statistical significant variations concerning the PRF group and the control group in regard to pain intensity, number of analgesics tablets used and the interincisal distance, as the p value were 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: The PRF helps in reducing the post-surgical pain, edema and trismus. As well as accelerate healing process after the application to the socket of surgically extracted lower third molar. Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2022; Revised: 14 December; Accepted: 6 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg Similar Articles: HISTOLOGIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF PATHOLOGIC CHANGE IN COMPLETE IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS DENTAL FOLLICLES KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN

COVID-19 KINETICS BASED ON REPORTED DAILY INCIDENCE IN HIGHLY DEVASTATED GEOGRAPHICAL REGION: A UNIQUE ANALYSIS APPROACH OF EPIDEMIC

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted the whole globe in various facets of life. Most challenges stem from the public health effect with morbidities and mortalities extensively and comprehensively recorded and reported. The present case provides a unique analysis of the database of the observed cases and deaths of the corona virus pandemic. The focus was on one of the most devastating geographical locations in the world. The dataset of the USA was extracted and arranged chronologically over 106 weeks. The kinetics of mortality and morbidity were analyzed using three-dimensional graphs and control charts. Modeling of the cumulative dataset after logarithmic transformation was executed and the model was analyzed for fitting in terms of regression and error. A strong correlation existed between the number of reported cases and deaths over the study period with noticeable signs of six overlapping waves. Logarithmic transformation (to the base ten) showed improvement in data fitting with an appreciable reduction in standard error and residual parameters. The best-fitted model was an exponential association that could be used to evaluate the severity and frequency of the epidemic in terms of cumulative daily cases and deaths. The provided examination highlights the importance of the new statistical techniques for public health assessment and confrontation of the outbreaks by practitioners and professionals for community protection by providing measurable metrics for the evaluation of the health effect of the disease in the community. Peer Review History: Received: 1 November 2022; Revised: 7 December; Accepted: 4 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: COVID-19 PANDEMIC AWARENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESHI PEOPLE: A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY KNOWLEDGE, CHARACTERISTICS, WORK SITES OF HEALTH PRACTITIONERS FOR CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19, IN KHARTOUM, SUDAN COVID-19 IN MEXICO: PREPARING FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS

COLONIZATION OF PATHOGENIC AEROBIC BACTERIA IN THE EXTERNAL EAR AND EFFECTS OF CERUMEN TYPES, AGE, AND GENDER ON COLONIZATION

Aims: The study aimed to study the prevalence of pathogenic aerobic bacteria colonization in the outer ear and to determine the prevalence of cerumen types among different ages and sex of selected individuals in Sana'a city. Also determined the effects of cerumen types, age, and sex on the incidence of pathogenic aerobic bacterial colonization. Methods: The current study was carried out in the Department of Medical Microbiology and ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University. The study proposal was permitted by the ethics committee of the Faculty. Written informed consent was taken from the chosen participants. Families of the study sample members residing in the various sectors of Sana'a city were visited at home in which participants were randomly selected from all age groups and sexes. Households were reviewed on time and clinical examination of the ear was done and results were recorded and ear swab samples were collected. The rapid visual identification of cerumen was performed. The culture samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory then culture and bacterial growth was identified by standard bacteriological methods. Results: The study included 246 healthy persons, 33.3% of them male and 66.7% were females. The age ranged from 1 -80 years with mean age equal to 34.2±18.7 years, 96.3% of the study subjects have the wet type and only 3.7% have the dry type of cerumen, 2.03% had impacted cerumen. The most prevalent isolate from the outer ear was Staphylococcus aureus with 35 strains (14.2%), followed by Psedumonas aureginosa with 14 strains (5.7%). Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus pyogenes and Hemophilus influenzae isolates were less frequent with 7 (2.8%), 6 (2.4%) and 5 (2.03%) isolates, respectively. Positive growth for bacterial pathogens was significantly associated with males (OR=1.8, p=0.03), ≤15 years group (OR=2.5, p=0.01), and dry-type cerumen (OR=8.9, p=0.001). Conclusion: There are two distinct and specific types of cerumen, wet and dry, of which the wet type appears to be the most common in Yemen, and of the subspecies of the wet type, honey brown was dominant. The present study concluded that some pathogenic bacteria that can cause otitis externa are naturally present in the normal external auditory canal. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Psedumonas aureginosa, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Hemophilus influenzae. Hence clinicians must find a history of any predisposing factors before interpreting laboratory culture reports. Peer Review History: Received: 4 November 2022; Revised: 8 December; Accepted: 5 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Attitude toward end-of-life care in emergency medicine residents- can a short workshop make a difference?

There is a growing demand for palliative care (PC) in Emergency departments (ED) as the number of patients who need end-of-life (EOL) care is increasing. Despite significant variability amongst residency programs, there is a lack of structured core curriculum for PC/EOL care in most emergency medicine (EM) training programs, which often do not meet the needs of EM physicians. In this study, we evaluate the effect of a short EOL care workshop on changing the attitude of Iranian EM residents towards EOL care in ED. In this prospective before/after educational study at Tehran University of medical science, we enrolled 40 EM residents using a random sampling method. We obtained demographic and practice background information, and participants underwent a half-day PC training workshop designed by an expert panel. We administered a translated and validated Standard PEAS (physician End of Life Care Attitude Scale) questionnaire before and four weeks after an educational intervention. Baseline and differences in attitude were reported and compared by paired t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and ANOVA. None of the participants had prior experience of formal PC training. All of the 40 participants completed the follow-up questionnaire. Baseline attitude was not different among demographic groups. The mean (SD) PEAS score before and four weeks after the workshop was 86.9 (5.8) versus 89(6.9), respectively (P = 0.023). Residents with no previous close exposure to a terminal illness in their family members had significantly more attitude change than those with such an experience (P = 0.045). A brief educational intervention improved EM residents' attitudes toward EOL care. The optimal design and characteristics of this educational intervention yet remain to be defined by further studies.

A global bibliometric analysis on Kawasaki disease research over the last 5 years (2017-2021).

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly affects children. We aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore the latest research hotspots and trends of KD. By using the keywords "Kawasaki disease," "Kawasaki syndrome", and "Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome," the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases were searched for publications related to KD from 2017 to 2021. Author, country and journal submissions were classified and evaluated using Biblioshiny software (using R language). VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) was used to visualize the relevant network relationships. According to the search strategy, 5,848 and 6,804 KD studies were published in WOS and Scopus, respectively. The results showed an overall increasing trend in the number of publications and citations during the study period. The three most influential institutions in the WOS were St. Marianna University, Kawasaki Medical School and The University of Tokyo in Japan, while in Scopus, Harvard Medical School, University of California and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were the most influential institutions. The most influential authors of the two databases are Goodman SG, Kazunori Kataoka, and Takeshi Kimura of the WOS and Marx Nikolau and Wang Y, Burns JC, and Newburger JW of the Scopus, respectively. And Scientific Reports and Frontiers in Pediatrics were the most critical journals. The most cited documents were the WOS document by McCrindle et al. and the Scopus document by Benjamin et al. published in 2017, while the keywords in the last few years were focused on "COVID-19," "multisystem inflammatory syndrome," and "pandemic." This bibliometric analysis summarizes for the first time the research progress in KD (2017-2021), providing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of KD research bibliometric information. In the field, researchers mainly from Japan and USA are dominant, followed by China. It is recommended to pay close attention to the latest hot spots, such as "COVID-19" and "multisystem inflammatory syndrome." These results provide a more intuitive and convenient way for researchers to obtain the latest information on KD.

Medial Calcar Osteotomy in Revision of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Orthopedic Research Online Journal Medial Calcar Osteotomy in Revision of Total Hip Arthroplasty Alireza* Tehran university of medical science, Iran *Corresponding author: Alireza, Tehran university of medical science,Iran Submission: November 18, 2022;Published: January 06, 2023 DOI: 10.31031/OPROJ.2023.10.000736 ISSN: 2576-8875 Volume10 Issue3

Comparison of Cognitive Functions Between Patients with Alzheimer Disease, Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Healthy People

Background: There is a growing need for predicting Alzheimer disease (AD) based on emerging neurocognitive dysfunction before the onset of the disease. Objectives: According to neuropathological changes in the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) before the onset of clinical symptoms and the relationship between the function of these structures and cognitive functions (such as visual memory, working memory, and new learning), we aimed to investigate the possibility of these cognitive functions as markers of transition from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Methods: In this case-control study, 15 patients with AD, 18 patients with MCI (from memory clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences), and 15 healthy people were compared using the 3 subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), including spatial working memory (SWM), pattern recognition memory (PRM), and paired-associate learning (PAL). The tests were performed between 9 AM and 12 noon. The scores were compared by a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean ages of AD, MCI, and healthy groups were 68.66, 68.22, and 64.26 years, respectively. In terms of the SWM test, in 2 of 3 variables, there were significant differences between the 3 groups (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001). Regarding the PRM test, there were significant differences between the 3 groups in accuracy and response time (P = 0.000 and P = 0.004, respectively). Regarding PAL, there were significant differences between the 3 groups in all 3 variables (P = 0.000). The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were associated with almost all variable scores (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Dysfunction in new learning and recognition memory can be indicators of MCI and its progression to AD, whereas the assessment of SWM can only be used to assess the progression of MCI to AD.