Rat Tooth Research Articles

S381 Retrieving an Endoscopic Cap From the Submucosal Tunnel During a POEM Procedure: Keep an Eye on the Cap Before Closing the Mucosal Incision

Introduction: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder that results in the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax. Moderate to severe forms of the Achalasia can be debilitating due to the patients’ inability to tolerate PO food or drink; often experiencing constant pain or pressure. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a relatively novel endoscopic procedure that has shown more favorable results when compared with other therapeutic modalities in the treatment of achalasia. This case illustrates retrieving an endoscopic cap from a closed submucosal tunnel during a POEM procedure. Case Description/Methods: A 74-year-old woman with type 3 achalasia underwent a seemingly routine POEM. At the beginning of the procedure, the GE junction was located, and methylene blue was injected to lift the mucosa at the site of the initial mucosectomy. After the mucosectomy was made, the endoscope was used to enter the submucosal tunnel, which was further lengthened by continued lifting and dissection. The submucosal tunnel was then extended to about 1 to 2 cm distal to the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and the myotomy was performed that extended into the cardia with no observed complications. After the mucosectomy site was closed with 4 endoclips, it appeared that the cap of the endoscope was missing after the endoscope’s removal from the esophagus. Upon further inspection of the patient's month, bed and floor in the procedure room, the cap was still missing. The endoscope was then reinserted into the patient’s esophagus to continue the search for the lost cap. The intraluminal compartment of the stomach, the esophagus, and the patient’s oropharynx showed no evidence of the cap. Video of the endoscopic procedure was reviewed, and it revealed the presence of bulging mucosa in the distal esophagus along with the absence of the endoscope cap during the clipping of the mucosectomy site. It was determined that the cap was most likely in the submucosal tunnel. After the initial four clips were removed by rat tooth forceps and deposited into the stomach, the scope went into the submucosal tunnel again. The cap was visualized in the submucosal tunnel and removed with the same rat tooth forceps, which was followed by reclosing the mucosectomy site with four more clips. The patient had a successful postoperative course. Discussion: Review of this case prompts further discussion and research into a more stable cap design for the endoscope, especially for third space endoscopy. Watch the video at https://tinyurl.com/ACGAbstractS381

Vibration accelerates orthodontic tooth movement by inducing osteoclastogenesis via transforming growth factor-β signalling in osteocytes.

We previously found the conditions of supplementary vibration that accelerated tooth movement and induced bone resorption in an experimental rat tooth movement model. However, the molecular biological mechanisms underlying supplementary vibration-induced orthodontic tooth movement are not fully understood. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β upregulates osteoclastogenesis via induction of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression, thus TGF-β is considered an essential cytokine to induce bone resorption. The aim of this study is to examine the role of TGF-β during the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by supplementary vibration. In experimental tooth movement, 15 g of orthodontic force was loaded onto the maxillary right first molar for 28 days. Supplementary vibration (3 g, 70 Hz) was applied to the maxillary first molar for 3 min on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. TGF-β receptor inhibitor SB431542 was injected into the submucosal palatal and buccal areas of the maxillary first molars once every other day. The co-culture of RAW264.7 cells and MLO-Y4 cells was used as an in vitro osteoclastogenesis model. SB431542 suppressed the acceleration of tooth movement and the increase in the number of osteoclasts by supplementary vibration in our experimental rat tooth movement model. Immunohistochemical analysis showed supplementary vibration increased the number of TGF-β1-positive osteocytes in the alveolar bone on the compression side during the experimental tooth movement. Moreover, vibration-upregulated TGF-β1 in MLO-Y4 cells induced osteoclastogenesis. Orthodontic tooth movement was accelerated by supplementary vibration through the promotion of the production of TGF-β1 in osteocytes and subsequent osteoclastogenesis.

Industrial noise: A new stimulus for dental pulp aging? Qualitative and quantitative analysis in Wistar rat teeth–A pilot study

Morphological changes induced by industrial noise have been experimentally observed in several organs. This study aims to characterize the effect of industrial noise on the pulp cell density of Wistar rats from a histological point of view, through qualitative and quantitative analysis. The histologic sections were observed over the optical microscope and photographed using 10x and 40x magnifications and analyzed using an image processing software. They refer to a group of animals exposed to industrial noise for 3 months and for 7 months (EG) and another group of animals kept in silence for control (CG) during the same periods. There was a significant decrease in pulp cell density in teeth of the animals exposed for 3 months when compared to control teeth group (p = 0.01). However, in the group exposed for 7 months, no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.66). Even so, we found an evident relationship between exposure to industrial noise and teeth morphological changes. The observed changes are similar to the modifications found on aged teeth. Therefore, this study places industrial noise as an aggressive stimulus that can cause a reaction of the pulp-dentin complex with morphological changes compatible with premature aging of the tooth.

A Self-Supplying H2O2 Modified Nanozyme-Loaded Hydrogel for Root Canal Biofilm Eradication.

The success of root canal therapy depends mainly on the complete elimination of the root canal bacterial biofilm. The validity and biocompatibility of root canal disinfectant materials are imperative for the success of root canal treatment. However, the insufficiency of the currently available root canal disinfectant materials highlights that more advanced materials are still needed. In this study, a nanozyme-loaded hydrogel (Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel) was modified and analyzed as a root canal disinfectant material. Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel was fabricated and examined for its release profile, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. sanguis biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, its efficiency in eliminating the root canal bacterial biofilm removal in SD rat teeth was also evaluated. The results in vitro showed that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel could release reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, it showed good biocompatibility, disrupting bacterial cell membranes, and inhibiting exopolysaccharide production (p < 0.0001). In addition, in vivo results showed that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel strongly scavenged on root canal biofilm infection and prevented further inflammation expansion (p < 0.05). Altogether, suggesting that Fe3O4-CaO2-Hydrogel can be used as a new effective biocompatible root canal disinfectant material. Our research provides a broad prospect for clinical root canal disinfection, even extended to other refractory infections in deep sites.

ZccE is a Novel P-type ATPase That ProtectsStreptococcus mutansAgainst Zinc Intoxication.

Zinc is a trace metal that is essential to all forms of life, but that becomes toxic at high concentrations. Because it has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and low toxicity to mammalian cells, zinc has been used as a therapeutic agent for centuries to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious conditions. While the usefulness of zinc-based therapies in caries prevention is controversial, zinc is incorporated into toothpaste and mouthwash formulations to prevent gingivitis and halitosis. Despite this widespread use of zinc in oral healthcare, the mechanisms that allow Streptococcus mutans, a keystone pathogen in dental caries and prevalent etiological agent of infective endocarditis, to overcome zinc toxicity are largely unknown. Here, we discovered that S. mutans is inherently more tolerant to high zinc stress than all other species of streptococci tested, including commensal streptococci associated with oral health. Using a transcriptome approach, we uncovered several potential strategies utilized by S. mutans to overcome zinc toxicity. Among them, we identified a previously uncharacterized P-type ATPase transporter and cognate transcriptional regulator, which we named ZccE and ZccR respectively, as responsible for the remarkable high zinc tolerance of S. mutans. In addition to zinc, we found that ZccE, which was found to be unique to S. mutans strains, mediates tolerance to at least three additional metal ions, namely cadmium, cobalt, and copper. Loss of the ability to maintain zinc homeostasis when exposed to high zinc stress severely disturbed zinc:manganese ratios, leading to heightened peroxide sensitivity that was alleviated by manganese supplementation. Finally, we showed that the ability of the ΔzccE strain to stably colonize the rat tooth surface after topical zinc treatment was significantly impaired, providing proof of concept that ZccE and ZccR are suitable targets for the development of antimicrobial therapies specifically tailored to kill S. mutans.

Dentin microhardness and porosity of wistar rats teeth following herbal-based devitalizing agent application

Objective: To evaluate the microhardness and porosity of the dentin of Wistar rats after pulp-out application.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with posttest design with control group. Twelve teeth of wistar rats were allocated into 2 groups, the test group and the control group. In the test group, teeth were prepared on the labial surface until half thickness of the dentin, then pulpout was applied to the base of cavity, covered with GIC. On the 7th day, euthanasia and extraction were performed to test the dentin microhardness with Vickers Hardness Tester and dentin porosity with Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM).&#x0D; Results: The mean value of tooth hardness after pulp-out application was 22.23 ± 3.51 HV while the mean value of the control group was 27.70 ± 1.70 HV, with p value = 0.31 at 95% significance level. There was a decrease in tooth hardness of treated sample which was not significantly different compared to the control group. CLSM photo shows white lines on the sample surface as the exposed dentinal tubules with a higher intensity compared to the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pulp-out decreased tooth microhardness and cause porosity of the teeth.

The Impact of Atorvastatin on RANKL Expression in Rats during the Retention Stage after Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Objective To probe into the impact of atorvastatin on RANKL expression in rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement and its associated molecular mechanisms. Methods After establishing an orthodontic tooth movement model, the left teeth of the retention-stage rats were the maintained side, and the right teeth were the nonmaintained side, which were given physiological saline or atorvastatin dosing at 7d, 14d, and 21d, respectively, by tube feeding, in order to keep the rats as a control group at the beginning of the retention stage. A model of the rat's upper jaw gypsum in each group was made at various time points to measure the distance at which the teeth relapsed. The pathological slices of the upper jaw arch were taken separately for TRAP staining observation. Results Compared to the physiological saline group, the recurrence distance of rats in the atorvastatin group was visually lower (p < 0.05), and the number of bone-breaking cells was signally lower (p < 0.05); P-5b, PTH, VitD3, GC, IL-1, and IL-17 expressions (p < 0.05) were visually decreased, while IL-11 expression was elevated (p < 0.05). Conclusion The atorvastatin given to rats during the retention stage after orthodontic tooth movement inhibits RANKL expression and may function through OPG/RANKL/RANK system.

Vitronectin-Derived Peptide Promotes Reparative Dentin Formation

Exposed dental pulp can maintain its vitality through a pulp-capping procedure with biocompatible materials, followed by reparative dentin formation. Our previous study demonstrated that a vitronectin-derived peptide (VnP-16) promotes osteoblast differentiation and concomitantly restrains osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that VnP-16 promotes odontoblast differentiation, mineralization, and reparative dentin formation in a pulp exposure model using a rat tooth. VnP-16 showed no cytotoxicity and promoted cellular behavior in human dental pulp cells, enhancing their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells and mineralization, effects that are comparable to those obtained with vitronectin. In a rat pulp exposure model, VnP-16 showed mild inflammatory responses at 2 and 4 wk or none. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) demonstrated a tendency of early formation of reparative dentin at 2 wk when compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and VnP-16. However, VnP-16 induced reparative dentin formation similar to MTA and rhBMP-2 without inflammation at 4 wk. In addition, VnP-16 showed a thicker and homogeneous reparative dentin formation versus MTA and rhBMP-2. Collectively, these results suggest that VnP-16 can be a useful, direct pulp-capping agent for highly qualified reparative dentin formation by promoting cell behavior and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.

Endoscopic removal of an embedded esophageal fishbone with rat tooth forceps.

Endoscopic removal of an embedded esophageal fishbone with rat tooth forceps.

Physiological and histological studies of dental response of Luxate tooth with application of VEGF

Background During luxate injury many dental tissue will be involved including pulp, periodontal ligament ,mucosa, hard dental tissue and alveolar bone with affecting the nerve and dental blood supplement. Growth factors may involved in healing process after replantation of tooth in its socket and the Vascular endothelial factor (VEGF ) is a potent one that increase angiogenesis and accelerate repairing and healing of dental pulp and the supporting tissues. The study was designed to illustrate the effect of application of growth factor on healing process of luxate molar tooth of rat. Materials &amp; Methods Twenty male Wistar rats with luxate lower right first molar teeth were included in this study. The control were injected with normal saline (0.5μl ) around the apex of mesial root .Experimental group injected with VEGF (0.5μl ). Histological assessment of physiological responses of (dental pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone in both control and experimental groups with Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) expression evaluation were recorded during the healing period in the examined tissue.

Evaluation of the Mixture of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as a Pulp Capping Material on Rat Teeth

Çalışmanın amacı Mineral Trioksid Agregat (MTA)’a farklı oranlarda grafen nanoplatelet (GNP) eklenerek oluşturulan karışımların rat diş pulpaları üzerindeki etkisinin histolojik olarak değerlendirilmesidir. GNP (Nanografi, Türkiye) saf haldeki Angelus MTA’ya (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brezilya) ağırlıkça %0.1 ve %0.3 oranlarında hassas terazide tartılarak katıldı ve homojen bir karışım oluşana kadar agat havanda karıştırıldı. 16 adet dişi Wistar Albino rat 4 gruba ayrıldı. Angelus MTA+%0.1 GNP, Angelus MTA+%0.3 GNP, kalsiyum hidroksit (Dycal, Dentsply, Almanya) ve saf haldeki Angelus MTA ratların alt iki keser dişlerinde oluşturulan sınıf V kavitelerdeki pulpa perforasyon alanlarında direkt pulpa kuafaj materyali olarak kullanıldı (n=8). Dişler 1 ve 4. haftalarda dentin köprüsü oluşumu ve pulpal doku yanıtları açısından histolojik olarak incelendi. Çalışma verileri IBM SPSS Statistics V22 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, ABD) ile analiz edildi. Rejeneratif dentin köprüsü oluşumu 1. haftadan itibaren gözlemlendi. 4. haftada Angelus MTA+%0.3 GNP grubunda yangısal reaksiyonun en hafif olduğu görüldü. 4. haftada hiperemi en hafif Angelus MTA+%0.1 GNP ve Angelus MTA+%0.3 GNP gruplarında belirlendi. Yangısal reaksiyon ve hipereminin varlığı açısından gruplar arasında 1 ve 4. haftalarda anlamlı bir farka rastlanmadı (p&amp;gt;0.05). GNP’nin Angelus MTA’ya katılması direkt pulpa kuafajında pulpal doku yanıtını hafifleterek tedavide başarıyı arttırabilir.

Study of Alveolar Bone Remodeling Using Deciduous Tooth Stem Cells and Hydroxyapatite by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Enhancement and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Expression in vivo.

BackgroundPeriodontitis progression is characterized by alveolar bone loss, and its prevention is a major clinical problem in periodontal disease management. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been shown to adequately monitor the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients as gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8s were positively associated with the severity of periodontal disease. Moreover, modulating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in bones could be a good way to improve bone regeneration and cure periodontitis as VEGF promotes endothelial cell proliferation, proteolytic enzyme release, chemotaxis, and migration; all of which are required for angiogenesis.PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroxyapatite incorporated with stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in Wistar rats’ initial alveolar bone remodeling based on the findings of MMP-8 and VEGF expressions.MethodsA hydroxyapatite scaffold (HAS) in conjunction with SHED was transplanted into animal models with alveolar mandibular defects. A total of 10 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups: HAS and HAS + SHED. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after 7 days to facilitate the examination of MMP-8 and VEGF expressions.ResultsThe independent t-test found significant downregulation of MMP-8 and upregulation VEGF expressions in groups transplanted with HAS in conjunction with SHED compared with the HAS group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of SHED with HAS on alveolar bone defects may contribute to initial alveolar bone remodeling as evident through the assessments of MMP-8 and VEGF expressions.

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB regenerates functional periodontal ligament in the tooth replantation

Tooth ankylosis is a pathological condition of periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration after tooth replantation. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has been proposed as a promising factor for preventing tooth ankylosis. Using rat tooth replantation model, we investigated whether PDGF-BB accelerates the repair of PDL after tooth replantation without ankylosis, and its molecular mechanisms. In PDGF-BB pretreated replanted teeth (PDGF-BB group), ankylosis was markedly reduced and functionally organized PDL collagen fibers were restored; the mechanical strength of the healing PDL was restored to an average of 76% of that in non-replanted normal teeth at 21 days. The numbers of PDGF-Rβ- and BrdU-positive cells in the periodontal tissues of the PDGF-BB group were greater than those of atelocollagen pretreated replanted teeth (AC group). Moreover, in the PDGF-BB group, the periodontal tissues had fewer osteocalcin-positive cells and decreased number of nuclear β-catenin-positive cells compared to those in the AC group. In vitro analyses showed that PDGF-BB increased the proliferation and migration of human periodontal fibroblasts. PDGF-BB downregulated mRNA expressions of RUNX2 and ALP, and inhibited upregulatory effects of Wnt3a on β-catenin, AXIN2, RUNX2, COL1A1, and ALP mRNA expressions. These findings indicate that in tooth replantation, topical PDGF-BB treatment enhances cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits canonical Wnt signaling activation in bone-tooth ankylosis, leading to occlusal loading of the PDL tissues and subsequent functional restoration of the healing PDL. This suggests a possible clinical application of PDGF-BB to reduce ankylosis after tooth replantation and promote proper regeneration of PDL.

Differential gene expression profiles of periodontal soft tissue from rat teeth after immediate and delayed replantation: a pilot study.

PurposeIn dental avulsion, delayed replantation usually has an uncertain prognosis. After tooth replantation, complex inflammatory responses promote a return to periodontal tissue homeostasis. Various types of cytokines are produced in the inflammatory microenvironment, and these cytokines determine the periodontal tissue response. This study aimed to identify the gene expression profiles of replanted teeth and evaluate the functional differences between immediate and delayed replantation.MethodsMaxillary molars from Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, exposed to a dry environment, and then replanted. The animals were divided into 2 groups according to the extra-oral time: immediate replantation (dry for 5 minutes) and delayed replantation (dry for 60 minutes). Either 3 or 7 days after replantation, the animals were sacrificed. Periodontal soft tissues were harvested for mRNA sequencing. Hallmark gene set enrichment analysis was performed to predict the function of gene-gene interactions. The normalized enrichment score (NES) was calculated to determine functional differences.ResultsThe hallmark gene sets enriched in delayed replantation at 3 days were oxidative phosphorylation (NES=2.82, Q<0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling via the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway (NES=1.52, Q=0.034). At 7 days after delayed replantation, TNF-α signaling via the NF-κB pathway (NES=–1.82, Q=0.002), angiogenesis (NES=–1.66, Q=0.01), and the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway (NES=–1.46, Q=0.051) were negatively highlighted.ConclusionsDifferentially expressed gene profiles were significantly different between immediate and delayed replantation. TNF-α signaling via the NF-κB pathway was marked during the healing process. However, the enrichment score of this pathway changed in a time-dependent manner between immediate and delayed replantation.

Anti-inflammatory activity of a dental gel based on Origanum vulgare raw material

Inflammatory and destructive diseases of parodontosis are one of the most complex and common forms of the teeth diseases of human population. Search of the herbal preparation with anti-inflammatory activity is a prospect way for development of new drugs on the base of local raw material. A prerequisite for this study has been the presence of a high antimicrobial and anti-caries activity of the essential oil of medicinal plant Origanum vulgare. The article presents for the first time the results on the anti-inflammatory activity of dental anti-caries gel with essential oil and ethanol extract of oregano. A sample of dental gel at a dose of 25 mg / kg has anti-inflammatory activity, which was expressed in a significant decrease by 41.4 % in the amount of inflammatory lymph in the abdominal teeth in rats compared to controls. The anti-inflammatory activity of this sample is comparable to the reference drug diclofenac sodium.

The effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate on the development of dental caries in rats

At present, ammonium hexafluorosilicate and hexafluorosilicates of organic amonium cations are actively studied as potential anticaries agents, which demonstrate certain advantages over traditional compounds of fluorine. Previously, it was shown that hexafluorosilicates with bactericidal cations of chlorhexidine, polyhexamethyleneguanidine and cetylpyridinium effectively reduce the number and depth of carious lesions of teeth in rats and at the same time significantly improve the biochemical parameters of the pulp of the teeth.&#x0D; The aim of the work – to study the effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate (OHFS) on the incidence of dental caries in rats fed a cariogenic diet (CD).&#x0D; OHFC preparations were applied to the teeth and gums of rats in the composition of phytogels based on Na-salt of carboxymethylcellulose. In the incisor pulp, the activity of alkaline (ALP) and acidic (ACP) phosphatases, elastase, lysozyme was determined, and the mineralizing index (MI) was calculated. The number and depth of dental caries lesions were calculated and caries prophylactic efficacy (CPE) was calculated. The activity of elastase, catalase, lysozyme and urease was determined in the gums, and the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined.&#x0D; Determination of dental caries lesions shows that CD does not increase the number of carious lesions, and after the application of gels with OHFS, their number significantly decreases. The most effective was the concentration of the OHFS gel, equal to 2 mg/ml, although the concentration of the OHFS gel 1 mg/ml showed a decrease by 33.3%. The calculated CPE is 33.3% for a gel with 1 mg/ml OHFS, 36.4% for a gel with 2 mg/ml and 24.2% for a gel with 4 mg/ml. It has been shown that in rats receiving CD, the ALP activity significantly decreases and the ACP activity significantly increases, which gives a significant decrease in MI from 43.9 to 28.9. Application of gels with OHFS returns the activity of both phosphatases to the control level and almost completely normalizes MI, and the concentration of OHFS gel of 2 mg/ml turned out to be the most effective. Application of gels with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml OHFS reduced elastase activity by 6% and 12%, respectively, whereas application of a gel with 4 mg/ml OHFS did not result in a decrease in elastase activity. From the results of determining the degree of dysbiosis in the blood serum of rats, it can be seen that CD causes the development of generalized dysbiosis. Application of gels with OHFS significantly reduce the degree of dysbiosis, especially gels with OHFS concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml.&#x0D; Oral application of gels containing OHFS reduces the incidence of caries on the teeth, increases the mineralizing activity of the pulp and reduces the degree of generalized dysbiosis. The most effective concentration of the OHFS gel is 2 mg/ml, which corresponds to a dose of 2.2 mg/kg.

Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract Mangosteen Peel (Garcinia Mangostana L.) in Accelerating Post-Tooth Extraction Healing in Wistar Rats

Tooth extraction will cause a wound in the form of alveolar bone that opens in the oral cavity. Mangosteen peel has various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial. The goal of this study was to find out the effectiveness of Mangosteen Peel Ethanol Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) 45% with 90% in speeding up the healing time of post-tooth extraction wounds in Wistar rats. This type of research is an experimental laboratory with a post-test pattern only control group design. Conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology &amp; Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra January-March 2021. The animal is a male Wistar rat of 32 who is physically healthy. The size of the sample is determined by Federer's formula, the minimum sample size for each treatment is 16 rats. The results of the study that there is a significant relationship between the amount of fibroblast tissue per field of view in Wistar Rats after tooth extraction with the administration of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) with a concentration of 45% and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) concentration 90%, p = 0.036 (p&lt;0.05). Mangosteen skin extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) is 45% and 90% effective in speeding up wound healing time after extraction of rat teeth Wistar. Mangosteen skin extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) is 90% more effective than turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) 45% in speeding up wound healing time post-extraction of rat teeth Wistar due to the flavonoid content in mangosteen skin extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) 90% which helps accelerate wound healing higher than skin extract Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) 45%.

3D ring artifacts removal algorithm combined low-rank tensor decomposition with spatial-sequential total variation regularization and its application in phase-contrast microtomography.

High-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast microtomography (PC-μCT) images often suffer from severe ring artifacts, which are mainly caused by undesirable responses of detector elements. In the medical imaging field, the existence of ring artifacts can lead to degraded visual quality and can directly affect diagnosis accuracy. Thus, removing or at least effectively reducing ring artifacts is indispensable. The existing ring artifacts removal algorithms mainly focus on two-dimensional (matrix-based) priors, and these algorithms fail to consider correlations hidden in sequential computed tomography (CT) images. This paper proposed a novel three-dimensional (tensor-based) ring artifacts removal algorithm for synchrotron radiation X-ray PC-μCT images. In the sinogram domain, ring artifacts manifest as vertical stripe artifacts. From an image decomposition perspective, a degraded sinogram can be decomposed into a stripe artifacts component and an underlying clean sinogram component. The proposed algorithm is designed to detect and remove stripe artifacts from a degraded sinogram by fully identifying the characteristics of the two components. Specifically, for the stripe artifacts component, tensor Tucker decomposition is used to describe its low-rank character. For the underlying clean sinogram component, spatial-sequential total variation regularization is adopted to enhance the piecewise smoothness. Moreover, the Frobenius norm term is further used to model Gaussian noise. An efficient augmented Lagrange multiplier method is designed to solve the proposed optimization model. The proposed method is evaluated utilizing both simulations and real data containing different ring artifacts patterns. In the simulations, the human chest CT images are used for evaluating the proposed method. We compare the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and mean absolute error (MAE) results of our algorithm with the Naghia's method, the RRRTV method, the wavelet-FFT method, and the SDRSD-GIF method. The proposed method was also evaluated on real data from rat liver samples and rat tooth samples. Our proposed method outperforms the competing methods in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results. Additionally, the 3D visualization results were presented to make the ring artifacts removal effect more intuitive. The experimental results on simulations and real data clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the quality of PC-μCT images compared with the existing popular algorithms, and it has great potential to promote the application of high-resolution imaging for visualizing biological tissues.

Investigation of Changes in Dental Pulp Tissue in Rats with Bilateral Ovariectomy by Histopathological Methods

In this study, we aimed to investigate the histopathological changes on 14th and 28th days in the dental pulp of ovariectomized rats. Twenty 12-week-old 21 female Sprague Dawleys were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: No procedure was applied to the animals. All teeth were excised at the end of the experiment (at the 14th day of experiment). Group 2: The abdomen was opened and the ovary tied with 3/0 silk sutures to block blood supply. The ovaries were placed in its original position. Teeth of ovariectomized rats were excised at the 14th day of experiment. Group 3: Similar procedure was applied as in Group 2. The teeth were removed on 28th days of experiment. The dental tissues taken after the experiment were processed for routine paraffin wax tissue preparation. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was applied to sections of 4 μm thickness. As a result, when compared to the dental pulp of control group, degenerated dental pulp tissue, vascular dilatation and pyknotic osteoblast cells were observed in ovariectomized rats, however the pathological intesity was higher in ovariectomized rats for 28 days than ovariectomized rats for 14 days.

In vivo and in vitro analysis in a rat model using zoledronate and alendronate medication: microbiological and scanning electron microscopy findings on peri-implant rat tissue

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the development of bacterial deposits and morphological parameters around dental zirconia and titanium implants compared with natural teeth during systemic bisphosphonate medication.Materials and methodsFifty-four rats were randomly allocated into one control group and two experimental groups (drug application of zoledronic and alendronic acid), with 18 animals in each group. After 4 weeks of drug delivery, either a zirconia or a titanium implant was immediately inserted. Microbiological analysis conducted 1 week, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery included total bacterial count and composition measurements. Samples were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Bone cell morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsOne week after surgery, titanium and zirconia implants of the alendronic acid and control group showed a significantly higher bacterial count when compared to natural teeth in rats with zoledronic acid administration (p < 0.01). Less significant differences were recorded after 3 months, at which time no inter-material differences were evaluated (p > 0.05). In the control group, TEM analysis showed that the osteoblasts had a strongly developed endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum of the osteoblasts in drug-treated animals was significantly less developed, indicating less activity.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, neither implant material was superior to the other at 3-month follow-up. With regard to the treatment and complications of patients with bisphosphonates, the implant material should not be an influencing factor. Bisphosphonates can be used in the rat model to reduce not only the activity of osteoclasts but also osteoblasts of the peri-implant bone.