Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the development of bacterial deposits and morphological parameters around dental zirconia and titanium implants compared with natural teeth during systemic bisphosphonate medication.Materials and methodsFifty-four rats were randomly allocated into one control group and two experimental groups (drug application of zoledronic and alendronic acid), with 18 animals in each group. After 4 weeks of drug delivery, either a zirconia or a titanium implant was immediately inserted. Microbiological analysis conducted 1 week, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery included total bacterial count and composition measurements. Samples were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Bone cell morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsOne week after surgery, titanium and zirconia implants of the alendronic acid and control group showed a significantly higher bacterial count when compared to natural teeth in rats with zoledronic acid administration (p < 0.01). Less significant differences were recorded after 3 months, at which time no inter-material differences were evaluated (p > 0.05). In the control group, TEM analysis showed that the osteoblasts had a strongly developed endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum of the osteoblasts in drug-treated animals was significantly less developed, indicating less activity.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, neither implant material was superior to the other at 3-month follow-up. With regard to the treatment and complications of patients with bisphosphonates, the implant material should not be an influencing factor. Bisphosphonates can be used in the rat model to reduce not only the activity of osteoclasts but also osteoblasts of the peri-implant bone.
Highlights
Bisphosphonates were first produced at the end of the eighteenth century
One week after surgery, titanium and zirconia implants of the alendronic acid and control group showed a significantly higher bacterial count when compared to natural teeth in rats with zoledronic acid administration (p < 0.01)
This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effect of the implant material, either titanium or zirconia, under systemic bisphosphonate medication on the peri-implant composition and development of bacterial deposits
Summary
Bisphosphonates were first produced at the end of the eighteenth century. Their affinity for hydroxyapatite crystal surface led Procter and Gamble to evaluate these medicaments in the field of medicine [1]. In addition to suppressing bone resorption, clinical studies have demonstrated various anti-tumor activities that may contribute to the overall effect. The overall pharmacological effects of bisphosphonates on bone appear to depend upon their affinity for bone mineral and their inhibitory effects on osteoclasts. These effects lead to an increased failure rate with regard to implants, and to jaw necrosis following any surgical intervention [9]. Clinical studies of zirconia implants with healthy patients already showed positive outcome [24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. The aim of the present study was to assess the development of bacterial deposits and morphological parameters around dental zirconia and titanium implants compared with natural teeth during systemic bisphospho‐ nate medication
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