Tecoma Stans Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Tecoma stans Flower and Leaf Extracts: Characterization and Anti-Proliferative Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Since times immemorial, many plant species have been utilized to cure severe diseases. A wide range of diversification has been observed in various medicinal plants, which are indeed able to cure several deadly diseases. The presence of secondary metabolites is a high priority for their medicinal characteristics. This study focused on T. stans (Yellow bells), a shrub that grows profoundly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Although many studies have been done on the medicinal value of this plant, not much has been done on cancer treatment and nanomedicine. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles are an eco-friendly approach to delivering the drug to the target size. Nano appearance is an add-on advantage of these compounds. Hence, it is emerging in medicine. Colorectal cancer is the fourth deadliest one globally. Hence the synthesized silver nanoparticles of T. stans flower and leaf extracts showed cytotoxically and wound healing properties on colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and SW 480). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles confirmation is done by Ultra Violet Visible spectrophotometry and Particle size analyzer. All the results showcase the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized plant extracts and may be used as a novel medicine in the field of chemotherapy.

Restoring Forest With High Density Plantation Method in Medchal District in Telangana State

A study was conducted to find the performance of tree species under Miyawaki method of planting in Chengicherla Range Forest and Rachakonda Commssionarate Range Forest in Medchal District of Telangana State. The plantation was taken up during 2016. Thirty fast growing trees namely Tectona grandis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bombax ceiba, Peltophorum pterocar, Delonix regiapum and medium canopy species are Grevillea robusta, Phyllanthus emblica, Pongamia pinnata, Delonix regia, Tecoma stans, Bauhinia acuminata, Punica granatum, Limonia acidissima and Low canopy Species. Ocimum tenuiflorum, Acalypha hispida, Lawsonia inermi, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Bauhinia variegata, Murraya koenigii, Bougainvillea glabra, Gliricidia sepium respectively are found highly suitable for afforestation in wastelands and also for urban forest. The unexpected natural disasters such as flood, drought, rise in sea level, could affect not only the community but ecology of the region also. The change in climate has adverse effects on food chains, plant, and animal habitats. For addressing climate variations, restoring forest ecosystems and recreating forests could be better solution. Because historical deforestation and degradation of natural resources resulted in a high density of wild plant species and the construction of forests might take many years, the concept of creating green cover in a shorter period of time is gaining traction across continents.

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by Tecoma stans extracts for efficient removal of Ni (II) from water: batch experiments and response surface methodology

A facile approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was investigated using three different extract concentrations of Tecoma stans leaves as reducing/capping agents. The surface morphology of the rGOs was examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray. The optimum prepared rGOs were confirmed with characteristic peaks at ~ 280 nm using UV–Vis Spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the capacity of plant extracts to reduce the oxygen functional groups on graphite oxides’ surfaces. Furthermore, the organic constituents of the plant extract were determined to highlight the reduction mechanism of graphene oxide to rGO. The optimized rGO was subsequently utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Ni (II) from simulated wastewater. Adsorption experiments were conducted using methods of one factor at a time as well as Box Behnken Design. The Ni (II) adsorption is fitted well to the non-linear isotherm models and the calculated maximum uptake capacity was 69 mg g− 1. The optimum removal of Ni (II) was found 93% with pH of 6, initial Ni (II) concentration of 2 mg L− 1, and rGO dose of 0.2 g L− 1. The reliability of the developed model was 99.4% between experimental and predicted values. In addition, the average desorption efficiency of Ni (II) was 94%, which highlight the applicability of rGO reusability.

Pharmacoepidemiology of yellow trumpet flower

Because synthetic pharmaceuticals may produce various side effects and unfavorable consequences, the use of natural plants in therapy is currently more common than synthetic goods. Tecoma stans is a plant found in most tropical countries. This plant belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and is already used in ancient medicine in various countries such as India and Pakistan. This plant has a large number of active chemical ingredients and has pharmacological effects. Many researchers have explored pharmacological screening, and ongoing research is being conducted in that plant. The goal of this study was to update the plant's research collections for pharmacological screening. The review focuses on several researches, such as pharmacognostical studies and in-vitro and in-vivo screening of numorous Tecoma stans components. The various parts of the plants were concluded to have various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer cardioprotective effect, genotoxic, cytotoxicity, wound healing, antihyperglycemic, protect CNS, gastric ulcer healing, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-microbial, haemolytic activity, anti-lipoxygenase, and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities. This review was then used to guide future study on this plant. A member of the trumpet vine family, Tecoma stans, has been documented for a variety of pharmacological properties. The current research focuses on the neuropharmacological activities of several Tecoma stans extracts. The CNS depressive action was addressed first, followed by the analgesic activity, and then the impact of various extracts on Albino mice was examined.

Immunotoxical, neurotoxical, histopathological and immunohistopathological alterations of Nerium oleander and Tecoma stans methanolic extract on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Schistosomiasis is a severe illness that caused socioeconomic problems. The present study aimed to investigate the molluscicidal activities of the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander and Tecoma stans on B. alexandrina snails. The present results showed that N. oleander had the higher molluscicidal effect (LC50: 138.6 mg/l) than T. stans methanolic extract (LC50: 256.0 mg/l). These concentrations had no mortality effects on Daphnia magna during the first 12 h of the exposure, while, they had a cercaricidal activity. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to the sub lethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of the methanolic extract of either N. oleander or T. stans caused a concentration- dependent significant decrease in their mean total number of hemocyte and hyalinocytes percent, while, both the round small and the granulocytes were increased than the control group. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to LC25 of the methanolic extract of N. oleander or T. stans, caused morphological alterations in the hemocytes that were studied by both light and electron microscopy. The sub lethal concentration (LC25) significantly decreased the acetyl cholinesterase activities, acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and the protein content. Histopathological changes occurred in the digestive and the hermaphrodite glands of exposed B. alexandrina snails to LC25 of the methanolic extracts. These alterations were confirmed by Immunohistochemistry for PCNA and Cyclin D1 expressions. Conclusively, these plants could be used to decrease the spread of schistosomiasis as they are cheap and environmentally safe to replace the synthetic molluscicides for snail control.

Chemical screening, insecticidal and reprotoxic activities of Tecoma stans ethanolic leaf extract against the vector mosquito Culex pipiens

AbstractTo select potential plant‐based insecticides, Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) leaf extract was screened for its larvicidal and delayed effects against a medically important mosquito species Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). First, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was conducted on T. stans extract, collected in ethanol for its chemical characterization and detection of active constituents. Second, insecticidal bioassays were made with several concentrations on earlier fourth instar larvae (L4) of Cx. pipiens for 24 h as recommended by WHO, in order to determine the lethality parameters of the tested extract. For that, two concentrations (LC30 and LC50) were applied on L4 for 24 h, and emerged adults were observed for their reproductive performance success like fecundity, percentage of hatching (fertility), body and gonads' volume. The biochemical composition of whole bodies of adults was investigated. Also, the specific activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathion S‐transferase (GST), biomarkers of neurotoxicity and detoxification, respectively, were also determined in L4 at different time intervals. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis (GC–MS) of the extract unveiled nine phytoconstituents with 2‐[4‐cyclohexylbutanoylamino]‐3‐chloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (36.24%) and 1,2‐Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2‐ethylhexyl) ester (22.65%) as major components. The early L4 of Cx. pipiens were exposed to LC30 and LC50, and after 24 h, surviving individuals have been further reared until adult emergence. All over, T. stans leaves ethanolic extract impairs adults reproductive traits; it adversely affected gonad's size, fecundity and fertility, which negatively affected the survival of their offspring. Lipids contents were found to increase in both male and female adults. T. stans ethanolic extract increased GST activity and slightly inhibited AChE activity in L4. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of T. stans could be a potential candidate used as a sustainable botanical insecticide for controlling mosquito.

Changes in fatty acid in Tecoma stans grown in mine residues after compost amendment

Amendment tailing heaps with compost may deplete metal(loid)s concentration and improve the conditions for plant development. This research aimed to compare the Tecoma stans ability to grow on soil from the Sonora desert and mining waste (MW) after amendment with compost. Amendment the MW, with compost, decreased soluble As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn up to 47, 33, 11, 34, 69, and 34%, respectively; increased ten times the leaves weight, and thirteen times the leaf area of the plants. Arsenic, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in plants tissues decreased 27, 28, 27, 12, and 11%, respectively. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors were lower than one, so T. stans do not accumulate these elements. Polyunsaturated fatty acids 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 were increased, suggesting lower alteration of thylakoidal membrane integrity due to compost treatment. But, the amendment to the tailing was not enough to deplete the abiotic stress.

Photodynamic cytotoxic and antibacterial evaluation of Tecoma stans and Narcissus tazetta mediated silver nanoparticles

Nanobiotechnology is the intersection of nanotechnology and biology, where nano systems are applied to help study biological systems. There is a growing interest of researchers in the application of nanotechnology in improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. In this study, the antioxidant, photodynamic, anticancer, and antibacterial potential of plant extracts and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were investigated. In order to synthesize AgNPs, 10 g of dried powder of Tecoma stans and Narcissus tazetta was boiled in deionized water (100 ml) and mixed with aqueous solution of silver metals, resulting in the formation of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical having size in a range of 15–100 nm. The application of extract (50 µl) and AgNPs to rhabdomyosarcoma cell line showed a decreased cell viability (%). Photodynamic study revealed an improvement in photosensitizer efficacy on introducing AgNPs. Both plant extracts and AgNPs had significant effect against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as well as sensitive Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of AgNPs lower (32–256 µg/ml) than the plant extracts. According to the current findings, these AgNPs have an enhancing effect on the photodynamic cytotoxic potential of plant extracts. Because of biological efficacy, these AgNPs may play a crucial role in determining therapeutic potential of Tecoma stans and Narcissus tazetta .

Target and candidate agents for diabetes treatment in the framework of the food nexus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affected by scarcity in the production of insulin. In the present study, we used the bioinformatics approach to examine the possible inhibitory abilities of phytochemical constituents of Tecoma stans towards thioredoxin interacting protein. All the phytochemicals showed good binding attraction to the binding pocket of thioredoxin-interacting protein. pkCSM server was used to detect pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of phytochemical compounds. The amino acids Lysin 117, Lysin 115 and Glycine 119 were exhibited as the key residues for the phytochemicals of Tecoma stans and binding to inhibit the thioredoxin-interacting protein. However further studies are needed to identify the efficacies and activities of Tecoma stans compounds against thioredoxin-interacting protein.

Antioxidant Activity of the Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Alangium salviifolium, Tecoma stans and Pisonia alba by Nitric Oxide (NO) Free Radical Scavenging Assay

Extracts of Alangium salviifolium, Tecoma stans and Pisonia alba were examined in methanol to see whether or not they have the ability to scavenge free radicals. The extract was able to considerably cut down on nitric oxide radicals while simultaneously scavenging free radicals. Common antioxidants such as ascorbic acid also possesses comparable antioxidant action, but at lower concentrations. It was discovered that an extract concentration of 200 g/ml had the highest potential to scavenge for free radicals.

Quantitative Estimation of Indole-3-acetic Acid in Shoot Tips and Young Leaves of Tecoma stans and Ixora coccinea from Polluted and Control Regions

Plants are sensitive to pollution and especially air pollution can alter the physiological processes of plants affecting growth patterns. Study was carried out to determine the IAA production and response of plants exposed to vehicular emission. Two plant species namely Tecoma stans and Ixora coccinea which were exposed to roadside vehicular pollution were taken and control plants were collected from the college campus (unpolluted zone) and Estimation of IAA is carried out using Salkowski reagent, which upon reaction with IAA, yields pink color, due to AA complex formation and reduction of Fe+3. A decrease and increase in IAA concentration was observed in Tecoma stans and Ixora cocenia respectively growing in pollution zones as compared to control zones clearly demonstration air pollution stress.

Cytotoxic activity of extracts from Tecoma species and isolated lignans

A phytochemical study of Tecoma genus (Bignoniaceae) was accomplished by antitumor activity of ethanolic extracts. Species of this genus are composed of small shrubs often used as ornamental plants. The Tecoma stans species is used in folk medicine for different purposes. Recent work shows in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer. The ethanolic extracts from leaves and trunks of Tecoma casneifolia, T. garrocha, T. stans var. angustata and T. stans var. stans were tested in vitro. The assays used were against line tumor cells by the MTT method and the most active extracts were further studied. In this way, the ethanolic extract from T. stans var. stans trunks presented the higher cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines studied (CC50 0.02 to 0.55 µg/ml) when compared to the other extracts tested (CC50 0.08 to 200.0 µg/ml). Accordingly, this extract was selected for chromatographic fractionation from which five known lignans were isolated. Further, paulownin, paulownin acetate, sesamin, olivil and cycloolivil were identified using 13C and 1H NMR, IR, UV and spectroscopy and spectrometric MS techniques. These isolated compounds were tested and exhibited CC50 ranging from 13.01 to100.0 µg/ml which is superior to the ethanolic extract of trunk of T. stans.

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiabetic and Phytochemical Investigation of Root Extracts of Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae)

Introduction: The plants are an alternative source for the management of a number of human disorders due to the presence of biologically active constituents Aims: Current study aims to investigate underexplored therapeutic potentials of roots of Tecoma stans through phytochemical and biological assays. Methods: The dried roots were extracted successively with methanol and dichloromethane by simple maceration and labeled with codes TSM and TSD respectively. Results: The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, andphenols in the extracts. TSM fraction revealed the highest total phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents159.79 mg GAE/g, 65.38to 13.04 mg QE/g and95.2 to 56.61 mg AT/g of extract respectively. As compared to TSD extract, TSM extract showed significant antioxidant activity using two models DPPH (79.8 %) and ABTS (71.06 %). Cytotoxic activity of methanol extracts against PC3 and HeLa cancer cell line exhibited 61.23% (IC50 22.89 µg/mL) and 74.03 % (17.78 µg/mL) inhibition of cancer cells respectively at concentration of 30 µg/mL. Extracts revealed antidiabetic activity through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with maximum inhibition 63.26% and 75.66% respectively was detected at the concentration of 1000 mg / mL by TSM extract. Conclusion: Methanolic extracts of roots of Tecoma stanscontainshigher amount plant secondary metabolites and revealed antioxidant, cytotoxic and α-amylase as well as α- glucosidase inhibition activities.

Plant Pathogens and Biological Control of Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa: A Review of Projects and Progress (2011–2020)

The use of plant pathogens for biological control (biocontrol) of invasive alien plants in South Africa was reviewed in 1991, 1999 and 2011. In this review, subsequent progress and projects undertaken in the years 2011 to 2020, on both classical agents using exotic pathogens and inundative agents using indigenous pathogens, are detailed. We report on the impact of several previously introduced exotic fungi, monitored during this period. A significant highlight is the completion of 30 years of annual monitoring, from 1991 until 2020, of the impact of Uromycladium morrisii Doungsa-ard, McTaggart, Geering & RG Shivas (Raveneliaceae) on the density of Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendel (Fabaceae), with declines of up to 98% recorded at monitored sites. Post-release monitoring also suggested that Entyloma ageratinae R.W. Barreto & H.C. Evans (Entylomataceae), introduced when Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob (Asteraceae) still had a very limited invaded range in South Africa, has prevented the weed from realizing its potential as an invader. Uromycladium woodii Doungsa-ard, McTaggart, Geering & R.G. Shivas (Raveneliaceae) has been established on Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I.C.Nielsen (Fabaceae), as has Puccinia xanthii Schwein (Pucciniaceae) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae). Prospodium transformans (Ellis & Everh.) Cummins (Raveneliaceae) failed to establish on Tecoma stans (L.) Juss ex Kunth var. stans (Bignoniaceae), while efforts to release Puccinia lantanae Farl. (Pucciniaceae) on Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) are underway. Of the established exotic pathogens that are classical biocontrol agents, two are considered to cause extensive damage, two considerable damage, and two moderate damage, to their target weeds. Puccinia arechavaletae Speg. (Pucciniaceae), an adventive fungus that is established on Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. (Sapindaceae) following an unknown path of introduction, is proving to be a damaging agent and the implications of its presence in the country are discussed. Early season augmentation of Puccinia eupatorii Dietel (Pucciniaceae) on Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae) was tested to determine whether damage could be increased, but no difference in the rust's incidence and severity was evident between augmented and naturally infected plants at the end of the growth season. The identity of the indigenous fungus registered as Stumpout®, for the control of coppice growth after felling of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae), was confirmed as Cylindrobasidium torrendii (Bres.) Hjortstam (Physalacriaceae) rather than C. laeve (Pers.: Fr.) Chamuris, as previously thought. The application of another indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (Glomerellaceae), by means of helicopter flights has facilitated its establishment on Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C. Wendl (Proteaceae), in inaccessible mountainous terrain. For registration purposes, toxicity testing (oral rat LD50) of these indigenous fungi are required. Lethal doses of Cylindrobasidium torrendii, C. acutatum and Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola Ginns (Phanerochaetaceae), the latter for use against Acacia cyclops G. Don. (Fabaceae), exceeded 2000 mg kg–1 body weight and all three fungi are thus considered safe for application.

Recent Advances in the Biological Control of Tecoma stans L. (Bignoniaceae) in South Africa

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss ex Kunth var. stans (Bignoniaceae) is an invasive shrub or small tree from Central America that continues to extend its range in all nine provinces of South Africa and in neighbouring countries. The weed has been a target for biological control (biocontrol) in South Africa since 2003. The gall-forming rust fungus Prospodium transformans (Ellis & Everh.) Cummins (Pucciniales: Uropyxidaceae) was released in 2010, but failed to establish. Two leaf-feeding agents, Mada polluta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Pseudonapomyza sp. Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), were subsequently released in South Africa in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Mada polluta has become established at seven sites in the low elevation coastal regions of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, but not in high elevation inland areas. The leaf-mining Pseudonapomyza sp. has established at seven sites in four provinces, namely the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga, but at low population densities. The deliberate destruction of release sites by landowners and inadvertent veld fires have confounded the establishment and proliferation of both agents, as well as progress on their post-release evaluation. A root-feeding flea beetle Heikertingerella sp. Csiki (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), initially collected in Mexico in 2007, was determined to be host specific and potentially effective as a new biocontrol agent of T. stans. An application for the release of Heikertingerella sp. in South Africa will shortly be submitted to the regulatory authorities. Additional mass-rearing and releases of the two established agents will be undertaken to improve their establishment and impact.

Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Tecoma stans against Breast Cancer Cells Line - MCF - 7

Background: Cancer is abnormal growth of cells, which invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are over 200 types of cancers. Breast cancer is a cancer which develops in tissues of the breast, most commonly originating from the inner lining of milk ducts or lobules that supply ducts with milk. Tecoma stans commonly known as trumpet flower is a yellow trumpet shaped flower belonging to Bignoniaceae, and is native to Americas. It has anti cancer and anti proliferative properties.
 Aim: Aim of the is to analyse the anti cancer activity of Tecoma stans against breast cancer cells MCF-7.
 Materials and Methods: Breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was purchased from National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. Cell viability test was done by MTT assay. BcL2 and BclxL gene expression analysis was done by Real Time-PCR. The obtained data were analysed statistically by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test with Graph Pad Prism version 5 to analyse the significance. The significance was considered at p<0.05 level in Duncan’s test.
 Results: The results suggest Bcl2 mRNA gene expression is reduced on induction of 400, 500 ug/ml of Tecoma stans with significant difference in comparison with control. Bcl-xL mRNA gene expression is slightly reduced on induction of 400, 500 μg/mL of Tecoma stans with no significant difference in comparison with control.
 Conclusion: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that hydroethanolic leaf extract of Tecoma stans possess anticancer activity against breast cancer cells with respect to Bcl2 mRNA gene expression as compared to Bcl xL mRNA gene expression. If complete research is done, we can use this drug to treat various cancers.

Laelia anceps Lindl. (Orchidaceae) adaptation on phorophytes within an anthropized landscape, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: To determine the best phorophyte species for the adaptation of the Laelia anceps Lindl orchid. (Orchidaceae) in an anthropized landscape. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (phorophytes) was used: Swietenia macrophylla King., Fraxinus sp., Persea schiedeana Nees. and Tecoma stans. (L.) Juss. ex Kunth), with five repetitions per phorophyte and with three L. anceps orchid plants in each phorophyte. The following variables were measured: day to emergence, root length and thickness, and survival at 28 weeks after tying them in phorophytes.
 Results: Root emergence of L. anceps occurred in less time in S. macrophylla and in Fraxinus sp. at 52 and 54 days respectively; the longest root length (19.11 cm) and number of roots (32.45) were observed in S. macrophylla. However, the root thickness was greater in Fraxinus sp. (0.28 cm). After 28 weeks of establishing the L. anceps plants; 100% survival was obtained in the phorophytes S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp., 77% in P. schiedeana and 33% in T. stans.
 Study limitations/implications: The amount of light received by L. anceps in each phorophyte was not measured.
 Findings/Conclusions: The best phorophytes for the establishment of L. anceps were S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp. observed, the best development and strength of the roots and 100% survival at 28 weeks.

A Comparative Study of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum Plant Leaf Extract

Introduction: Inflammation is said to be the response of the body to an injury. It is a body defence reaction to reduce or eliminate the spread of injurious agents. It is essential that steps should be taken to introduce new medicinal plants and to develop cheaper, effective and safe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The main aim of this study is to assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum plant is being studied.
 Materials and Methods: Protease inhibition assay was done by Bovine serum albumin was added to plant samples with increase in concentrations as per the standard methods. In this study, Aspirin was used as a standard anti-inflammatory drug.The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
 Results: In this study, it was observed that the plant leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicus contain anti-inflammatory activity. The protein denaturation inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum, plant extract was represented graphically. Tecoma stans, was observed to contain the anti inflammatory activity.
 Conclusion: This study revealed that Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum are important medicinal plants with diverse pharmacological spectrum and contain anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, this research has been taken to collect and compile the pharmacological uses of these plant extracts which will be useful to the society to venture into a field of alternative systems of medicine.

A Comparative Study on Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hydroethanolic of Leaf, Stem and Root Extracts of Tecoma stans

Background: Tecoma stans is an important medicinal plant. The major bioactive compounds like alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and saponins had been isolated from this plant. The leaves bark and roots contain biologically active chemicals, and extracts from those tissues are in use as traditional folk medicines. Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds. The aim of the study was to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic leaf, stem and root extracts of Tecoma stans.
 Materials and methods: All chemicals and reagents were bought by sigma Chemicals Company. Anti inflammatory activity of the three different parts (leaf, stem and root) the plant were analysed by an in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition assays and inhibition calculation on protein inhibition percentage was done by the formula % inhibition=100−(A1 -A2)/A0 )*100). Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
 Results: After comparing the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf root stem of Tecoma stans, the results were plotted in graphs through statistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the stem of the plant has maximum anti-inflammatory activity compared to leaf and root.
 Conclusion: A comparative study of the extract or stem, leaf and root shows that the stem portion of the plant contains maximum anti-inflammatory activity.

A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.