Purification Technology Research Articles

Diesel Fuel Stripping Systems for Enhanced Fuel Quality and Performance

Diesel fuel quality is essential for efficient engine performance, but stored diesel can accumulate contaminants over time, impacting engine efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. Diesel stripping systems, such as diesel strippers or diesel fuel polishing systems, play a crucial role in addressing these issues by effectively removing impurities and ensuring fuel purity. This paper examines the design, engineering, and operational aspects of diesel stripping systems, focusing on their ability to enhance fuel quality and optimize engine performance. Components like filters, pumps, separators, and steam stripping units work together, with steam stripping being a key method for removing light ends and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from diesel. Design considerations, including system integration, material selection, and safety features, are critical for system effectiveness and reliability. Performance testing and maintenance practices ensure compliance with contaminant removal standards and sustain system efficiency. This research contributes to advancing diesel fuel management practices and identifies future trends for improved efficiency and environmental sustainability in diesel fuel purification technologies

Amino-modified upcycled biochar achieves selective chromium removal in complex aqueous matrices

Chromium pollution of groundwater sources is a growing global issue, which correlates with various anthropogenic activities. Remediation of both the Cr(VI) and Cr(III), via adsorption technologies, has been championed in recent years due to ease of use, minimal energy requirements, and the potential to serve as a highly sustainable remediation technology. In the present study, a biochar sorbent sourced from pineapple skins, allowed for the upcycling of agricultural waste into water purification technology. The biochar material was chemically modified, through a green amination method, to produce an efficient and selective adsorbent for the removal of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from complex aqueous matrices. From FTIR analysis it was evident that the chemical modification introduced new C–N and N–H bonds observed in the modified biochar along with a depletion of N–O and C–H bonds found in the pristine biochar. The amino modified biochar was found to spontaneously adsorb both forms of chromium at room temperature, with binding capacities of 46.5 mg/g of Cr(VI) and 27.1 mg/g of Cr(III). Interference studies, conducted in complex matrices, showed no change in adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) in matrices containing up to 3,000× the concentration of interfering ions. Finally, Cr(III) removal was synergized to 100% adsorption at interfering ions concentrations up to 330× of the analyte, which were suppressed at higher interference concentrations. Considering such performance, the amino modified biochar achieved selective removal for both forms of chromium, showing great potential for utilization in complex chromium pollution sources.

Manipulating 2D Membrane Interlayer Channels with Accelerated Mass-Transfer Behavior to Boost Solar Desalination.

The scarcity of fresh water necessitates sustainable and efficient water desalination strategies. Solar-driven steam generation (SSG), which employs solar energy for water evaporation, has emerged as a promising approach. Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes possess advantages like capillary action and Marangoni effect, but their stacking defects and dead zones of flexible flakes hinders efficient water transportation, thus the evaporation rate lag behind unobstructed-porous 3D evaporators. Therefore, fundamental mass-transfer approach for optimizing SSG evaporators offers new horizons. Herein, a universal multi-force-fields-based method is presented to regularize membrane channels, which can mechanically eliminate inherent interlayer stackings and defects. Both characterization and simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach across different scales and explain the intrinsic mechanism of mass-transfer enhancement. When combined with a structurally optimized substrate, the 4Laponite@GO-1 achieves evaporation rate of 2.782kg m-2 h-1 with 94.48% evaporation efficiency, which is comparable with most 3D evaporators. Moreover, the optimized membrane exhibits excellent cycling stability (10 days) and tolerance to extreme conditions (pH 1-14, salinity 1%-15%), verifies the robust structural stability of regularized channels. This optimization strategy provides simple but efficient way to enhance the SSG performance of GO-based membranes, facilitating their extensive application in sustainable water purification technologies.

Reactive layered hydroxide membrane for advanced water treatment: Micropollutant degradation and antifouling potential

The effective removal of micropollutants by water treatment technologies remains a significant challenge. Herein, we develop a CoFe layered double hydroxide (CoFeLDH) catalytic membrane for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to achieve efficient micropollutant removal with improved mass transfer rate and reaction kinetics. This study found that the CoFeLDH membrane/PMS system achieved an impressive above 98% degradation of the probe chemical ranitidine at 0.1 mM of PMS including five more micropollutants (Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Carbamazepine, Acetaminophen and Bisphenol A) at satisfactory level (above 80%). Moreover, significant improvements in water flux and antifouling properties were observed, marking the membrane as a specific advancement in the removal of membrane fouling in water purification technology. The membrane demonstrated consistent degradation efficiency for several micropollutants and across a range of pH (4–9) as well as different anionic environments, thereby showing it suitability for scale-up application. The key role of reactive species such as SO4•–, and O2• − radicals in the degradation process was elucidated. This is followed by the confirmation of the occurrence of redox cycling between Co and Fe, and the presence of CoOH+ that promotes PMS activation. Over the ten cycles, the membrane could be operated with a flux recovery of up to 99.8% and maintained efficient performance over 24 h continuous operation. Finally, the efficiency in degrading micropollutants, coupled with reduced metal leaching, makes the CoFeLDH membrane as a promising technology for application in water treatment.

Vacuum evaporation and condensation thermodynamics and evaporation kinetics of pure silver

A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of vacuum evaporation and condensation of pure silver is crucial for advancing vacuum separation and purification technology for crude silver. This study analyzes the vacuum evaporation and condensation thermodynamics and evaporation kinetics of pure silver. The results reveal a substantial increase in the saturated vapor pressure and theoretical maximum evaporation rate of pure silver with increasing temperature. When the temperature is in the range of 1373 ∼ 1773 K and the pressure is in the range of 0.1 ∼ 10 Pa, the average molecular free path is between 0.514 ∼ 66.415 cm. Moreover, the mean molecular free path of silver increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. Besides, the silver triple point occurs at a temperature of 1234.78 K and a pressure of 0.343 Pa. The average evaporation rate of pure silver demonstrates a linear relationship with temperature, and the relationship with pressure conforms to the Logistic model. Notably, the vacuum evaporation of pure silver is a first-order reaction. Furthermore, in this study, the kinetic equation of vacuum evaporation of pure silver is established. In the temperature range of 1473–1673 K, the gas phase mass transfer is the rate-controlling step rather than the mass transfer in the gas phase boundary layer. As the temperature increases, the rate-controlling step gradually changes into gas relative flow mass transfer and gas-liquid interface evaporation mass transfer.

Homogenous Oxidizing Oligomerization Coupled with Coagulation for Water Purification

Natural manganese oxides could induce the intermolecular coupling reactions among small-molecule organics in aqueous environments, which is one of the fundamental processes contributing to natural humification. These processes could be simulated to design novel advanced oxidation technology for water purification. In this study, periodate (PI) was selected as the supplementary electron-acceptor for colloidal manganese oxides (Mn(IV)aq) to remove phenolic contaminants from water. By introducing polyferric sulfate (PFS) into the Mn(IV)aq/PI system and exploiting the flocculation potential of Mn(IV)aq, a post-coagulation process was triggered to eliminate soluble manganese after oxidation. Under acidic conditions, periodate exists in the H4IO6− form as an octahedral oxyacid capable of coordinating with Mn(IV)aq to form bidentate complexes or oligomers (Mn(IV)-PI*) as reactive oxidants. The Mn(IV)-PI* complex could induce cross-coupling process between phenolic contaminants, resulting in the formation of oligomerized products ranging from dimers to hexamers. These oligomerized products participate in the coagulation process and become stored within the nascent floc due to their catenulate nature and strong hydrophobicity. Through coordination between Mn(IV)aq and H4IO6−, residual periodate is firmly connected with manganese oxides in the floc after coagulation and could be simultaneously separated from the aqueous phase. This study achieves oxidizing oligomerization through a homogeneous process under mild conditions without additional energy input or heterogeneous catalyst preparation. Compared to traditional mineralization-driven oxidation techniques, the proposed novel cascade processes realize transformation, convergence, and separation of phenolic contaminants with high oxidant utilization efficiency for low-carbon purification.

Coexisting single-atomic Fe and Fe2O3 on nitrogen-deficient g-C3N4 with enriched Fenton-like oxidation and photocatalytic performances for tetracycline degradation: DFT calculation, degradation mechanism and toxicity evaluation

The regulation of heterogeneous material properties to strengthen the peroxymonosulfate activation to destroy refractory pharmaceuticals remains a challenge. Herein, a promising nitrogen-deficient catalyst (FeCN) with single atom Fe and Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersing on g-C3N4 matrix was synthesized and applied as a competent peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light. The K-edge X-ray absorption fine structures and 57Fe Mössbauer measurements confirmed the unique configuration of Fe2O3 and single atom Fe active sites (pyrrolic and pyridinic FeN4) induced by the neighbouring nitrogen vacancies. The theory calculations and experiments provided a deep insight into the PDS activation and TC degradation via radical and non-radical pathways. The pyrrolic FeN4 active sites dominated the electron transfer, while the pyridinic FeN4 and Fe2O3 decomposed PDS to produce free radicals. The synergistic effect between the Fenton-like oxidation and photocatalysis is responsible for efficient TC degradation. This study offers a new strategy by integrating novel catalysts and advanced oxidation technology for effective wastewater purification.

Photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol on immobilized TiO2 in a low-tech reactor by solar light for water treatment

Photocatalytic water treatment is an appealing concept to mineralize organic contaminants in contaminated water. In this study, the UV-resistant drug paracetamol (PCT) in aqueous solution is degraded by using a solar irradiated loop-reactor equipped with a TiO2 (P25) photocatalyst. The catalyst powder was dispersed in a geopolymer surface coating applied to aluminum-U-profiles connected by filament-printed polymer elements. Different assays with variations in initial PCT concentration were performed under natural solar radiation to determine the degradation kinetics of the PCT and correlate it to applied solar radiation energy density. Depending on experimental conditions, degradation efficiencies of 37.0–75.1 % were achieved within 3 h. Control samples without catalyst show no degradation. No degradation of the catalyst activity was observed within 42 h of operation time. The study shows the feasibility of this simple and scalable reactor design and coating technology for water purification under off-grid conditions provided sufficient solar radiation is available.

Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification

Background Contaminants and water-soluble salts present in mechanically recycled gypsum from refurbishment and demolition (post-consumer) plasterboard waste limit its use as a secondary raw material in plasterboard manufacturing. This research addresses this limitation, developing a novel acid leaching purification technology combined with an improved mechanical pre-treatment for post-consumer gypsum valorization. Methods Laboratory-scale acid leaching purification was performed with a borosilicate beaker, hot plate, and overhead stirrer. Stuccos were produced after calcination of gypsum at 150 °C for 3 hours. Samples were characterized through X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Results Acid leaching at 90 °C for 1 h using a 5 wt% sulfuric acid solution was revealed to be the optimum purification conditions. Stuccos produced from purified gypsum under optimum conditions had similar initial setting times to that of a commercial stucco but with higher water demand, which could be reduced by optimizing the calcination conditions. A magnesium-rich gypsum was precipitated from the wastewater. Conclusions Purified post-consumer gypsum with > 96 wt% chemical purity and calcium sulfate dihydrate content was produced. The research recommends acid neutralization prior filtration, use of gypsum particles < 2 mm in size, and stirring speed of 50 rpm to reduce the economic and environmental impacts of the acid leaching purification process at industrial scale. The magnesium-rich gypsum could potentially be marketed as soil fertilizer.

Novel fibrous Ag(NP) decorated clay-polymer composite: Implications in water purification contaminated with predominant micro-pollutants and bacteria

Due to the potential harm caused by emerging micro-pollutants to living organisms, contaminating water supplies by micro-pollutants like EDCs, pharmaceuticals, and microorganisms has become a concern in many countries. Considering both microbiological and micro-pollutant exposure risks associated with water use for agricultural/or household purposes, it is imperative to create a strategy for improving pollutant removal from treated wastewater that is both effective and affordable. Natural clay minerals efficiently remove contaminants from wastewater, though the pristine clay has less affinity to several organic pollutants. Hydrophilic polymers, viz., poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), improve the dispersion of particles, flocculation processes, and surface properties. In this study, PEG grafted with attapulgite, thereby providing a high-specific surface-area, mesoporous materials for the adsorption of micro-pollutants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at high rates. A gentle washing process regenerates the clay-polymer material several times with no performance loss, and the natural water implications show fair applicability of solid in decontaminating the CIP and EE2 in an aqueous medium. Further, greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles in situ disperse with the clay polymer efficiently remove the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium viz., Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly persistent in aquatic environments. The clay polymer outperformed a modified clay composite to eliminate microorganisms and organic micro-pollutants in significant quantities quickly. These results clearly show the importance of fibrous clay-polymer composite for water purification technologies.

Promotion of toluene catalytic oxidation by M−La/CoOx catalysts directly prepared from Co-MOFs precursors

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are identified as volatility and toxicity, and have become major pollutants in the atmosphere. The development of low-energy and high-efficiency environmentally friendly VOCs purification technologies is urgent. Therefore, in this paper, a series of M−La/CoOx (M = La addition) catalysts with different La additions were synthesized by a combination of impregnation and calcination using Co-MOFs as precursors. It was shown that the catalytic activity of the constructed 0.012-La/CoOx catalyst was unexpectedly improved (T90% = 227 °C) under optimal reaction conditions (catalyst mass-air velocity = 60000 mL/(g•h)), initial toluene concentration = 1000 ppm) when employing gaseous toluene (C7H8) as typical target VOCs. Among the La-doping catalysts, the catalysts containing La on the surface have smaller grain sizes as well as more homogeneous grain distributions than the pure Co3O4-MOF catalysts. 0.012-La/CoOx displayed the highest activity, which is attributed to its smaller particle size, larger specific surface area (SSA), richer content of Co3+ and surface Oads, which could enhance the oxygen mobility and the redox performance. The possible degradation mechanism of toluene on 0.012-La/CoOx was revealed using in-situ DRIFTS. This work might provide guidance for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic oxidation of toluene.

Enhancing photocatalytic wastewater treatment: investigating the promising applications of nickel ferrite and its novel nanocomposites.

Water contamination ranks highest among the challenges posed by the rapidly increasing environmental contamination, which is thought to be the most pressing issue globally. The development of innovative techniques for the successful removal of diverse types of undesirable pollutants from wastewater would therefore yield a huge return on investment. Nowadays, the removal of many organic and synthetic pollutants from the environmental matrix is anticipated to be possible by photocatalytic degradation, owing to its low energy consumption, high catalytic activity, and low overall cost. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles received greater attention as photocatalytic materials from the scientific community in wastewater treatment for the removal of different kinds of pollutants due to their specific properties. The present study provides an overview of the recent advances in water treatment using nickel ferrite nanoparticles and their nanocomposites as photocatalysts. Furthermore, a proposed mechanism for these photocatalysts to generate active free radicals under visible and ultraviolet light has been described. The review concludes that photocatalysts based on NiFe2O4 have potential applications in water purification technologies. However, more research is still needed to determine their practical application in water treatment facilities.

Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by functionalized graphene oxide (GO-MBT): Mechanisms, antibacterial activity, and DFT studies

Contamination of natural water with heavy metals is an ongoing environmental challenge and warrants the advancement of purification technologies. The present research deals with the synthesis and fabrication of graphite from coconut shell and subsequently to graphene oxide (GO) and thiol-functionalized GO-MBT adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous medium. The synthesized GO and GO-MBT were characterized by employing HR-TEM, XPS, EDX, FTIR, FE-SEM, TGA, AAS and XRD. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model with regression coefficients close to 1(0.99) for both Pb(II) and Cd(II). Thiol-functionalized GO-MBT showed the adsorption capacity of GO-MBT for Pb(II) and Cd(II) with a value of 116.959 mg/g at pH 6 and 112.99 mg/g at pH 7 respectively. The GO-MBT exhibited impressive adsorption efficiency towards heavy metal ions Pb(II) and Cd(II) owing to the presence of high density of oxygen and sulfur-containing groups. DFT calculations provide valuable insights into the structural and energy properties of GO and GO-MBT, supporting their stability and reactivity. Besides, the antibacterial activities of developed adsorbents were determined using the agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method. The developed GO-MBT could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) and bacterial species from contaminated water.

Microstructure evolution of dendrite and eutectic in undercooled Al70Ge30 alloy

Al-Ge eutectic alloy, as a desirable bonding material, has been widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging. The bonding property of Al-Ge eutectic alloy is closely related to their microstructures. However, the microstructure evolution and underlying mechanisms in undercooled eutectic Al-Ge alloy remain unclear. In this work, Al70Ge30 alloy was prepared and subjected to undercooling using a cycled superheating purification technology. The maximum undercooling can reach 90 K (0.13TL). The solidified Al70Ge30 alloy exhibits concomitant dendrites and eutectic microstructures. The dendrites undergo rapid refinement at low undercooling and subsequently maintain nearly constant size as undercooling increases. Intriguingly, undercooling has a significant influence on eutectic microstructures. The eutectic microstructure transformed from feather structures to fishbone structures as undercooling increases then transformed into a line-like structure in eutectic cells. The evolution mechanisms of dendrites and eutectic structures are further elucidated based on several classical thermodynamic models. This study can provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the microstructure evolution of undercooled eutectic alloys with similar eutectic structures.

Optimization of peptide synthesis time and sustainability using novel eco-friendly binary solvent systems with induction heating on an automated peptide synthesizer.

On December 12th, 2023, the European Commission took regulatory action to amend Annex XVII of REACH, imposing restrictions on the use of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) within the EU market owing to its high toxicity. Historically, DMF has been widely considered the gold standard for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Being urgent to propose alternative solvents, we tested the suitability of non-hazardous neat and mixed solvents. Notably, binary solvent mixtures containing dimethyl sulfoxide as one of the solvent partners demonstrated high efficacy in solubilizing reagents while maintaining the desired swelling characteristics of common resins. A series of binary solvent mixtures were tested in automated SPPS, both at room temperature and high temperature, employing the PurePep® Chorus synthesizer, which enabled controlled induction heating between 25 and 90°C with oscillation mixing. The performances were assessed in challenging peptide sequences, i.e., ACP (65-74), and in longer and aggregating sequences like SARS-CoV-2 RBM (436-507) and β-amyloid (1-42). Furthermore, as part of the proposed sustainable approach to minimize the utilization of hazardous solvents, we coupled the novel PurePep EasyClean catch-and-release purification technology. This work, addressing regulatory compliance, emphasizes the crucial role of green chemistry in advancing safer and more environmentally friendly practices in SPPS.

Safety of Tap Water in Terms of Changes in Physical, Chemical, and Biological Stability

Monitoring the quality of tap water in the distribution system and the ability to estimate the risk of losing its sanitary safety is an important aspect of managing the collective water supply system. During monitoring, the physical, chemical, and biological stability of water was assessed, which is the main determinant ensuring the appropriate quality of water for consumers. The physicochemical and microbiological quality of water was analyzed for two distribution systems (DSs), including the analysis of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb). The tests carried out showed that in both distribution systems, the water supplied to consumers met the guidelines for water intended for human consumption. It can be considered that the risk of uncontrolled changes in water quality in DSs with an average water production of <10,000 m3/d and the length of water pipelines < 150 km is very low. The water introduced into the system differed in the place of water intake and water purification technology, which influenced the final water quality. In DS(II), higher values were recorded for hardness, conductivity, calcium, alkalinity, nitrates, and DOC. It was found that the content of heavy metals during water transport to the consumer increased in the case of DS(I) for Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb, and in the case of DS(II) for Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb. The observed differences resulted from the different quality of the intake water as well as from different materials used to build internal installations and their age and technical condition. The analyzed tap water was characterized by physical and chemical stability. However, the water did not meet the guidelines for water biostability due to the increased content of biogenic substances.

The experimental and numerical study on a novel all-day PCM thermal-catalytic purified Trombe wall in winter

People pay most of time of evening at home after work. Thus, both the indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality at nighttime have been obtained more attention. The combination application of PCMs with thermal catalytic purification technology in a Trombe wall that realizes all-day formaldehyde removal and space heating can well solve both issues. Here, an all-day purified Trombe Wall was proposed and designed. The thermal and formaldehyde removal performances were experimentally tested in two continuous days. Then the system heat and mass transfer model were established and experimentally verified. Finally, the optimization works on the type and thickness on PCMs were conducted based on the model. The main results were: (1) The experimental results showed that the thermal efficiency and average formaldehyde removal ratio were 50.8 % and 41.6 %, respectively. The total volume of clean air generated in daytime and nighttime were 249.8 m3 and 241.4 m3, respectively. (2) The RSMD values for the model verification were 5.9–9.6 %, which showed the model had a good prediction on the experimental results. (3) The selection of Butyl palmitate at 44 °C as the PCM and the thickness set to 1 cm could make the system have better energy saving and purification performance.

Synergistically electronic interacted PVDF/CdS/TiO2 organic-inorganic photocatalytic membrane for multi-field driven panel wastewater purification

Solar-driven wastewater purification technology is a promising candidate to solve the hazards of water contaminants. However, it is difficult for most of particulate photocatalysts to maintain durable photoactivity due to its micro/nano size. Herein, a synergistically electronic interacted membrane catalyst with large extending area and high pollutant capture capacity was processed based on a highly active CdS/TiO2 heterojunction and ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride for achieving highly efficient Cr6+-to-Cr3+ (CTC) reduction (1.6×10−2 min−1) and synchronous decomposition of organic matters (methylene blue (1.2×10−2 min−1) and bisphenol A (0.6×10−2 min−1)) under simulated sunlight (SSL, 74.1 mW·cm−2) irradiation following a durably steady photoactivity even being recycled for 20 times, which effectively avoided the hazards of secondary pollution. Subsequently, a tailor-made panel wastewater purification system was first built based on this membrane catalyst to drive CTC reduction and synchronous organic matter degradation, and high-efficiency purification performance was presented on this panel system under multi-field drive of light-activation and piezoelectric polarization. This work provides an insight for photocatalytic wastewater purification through membrane catalyst assisted panel technology.

How cooling surface affect nucleation and impurity migration behavior during layer melt crystallization: A case study of 2′,4′-dichloro-5′-fluoroacetophenone

As a green and efficient purification technology, layer melt crystallization is widely used in chemical separation industry. However, during the melt crystallization process, how surface properties and cooling rate affect the metastable zone width (MSZW) and how MSZW affects the impurity migration in the cooling stage and sweating stage are rare explored. In this paper, 2′,4′-dichloro-5′-fluoroacetophenone is taken as a case study to explore this problem. Firstly, our results indicate that MSZW increases with increasing surface energy of the cooling surface. Importantly, we propose a new model to predict that ΔT/T0/T1 has a linear relationship with ln (R/T0/ΔT), which is validated by MSZW experiments. Secondly, the separation effect of the cooling surface with low surface energy is better than that of the surface with high surface energy. The purity of the crystal layer during sweating is limited by the cooling stage's separation effect. Finally, by employing mass balance, we predict that the impurity distribution coefficient of the crystal layer before and after sweating is linear, and this relationship is unaffected by the cooling surface and cooling rate, which is successfully verified by experiments.

Innovative Solutions for Urban Air Pollution in Delhi/NCR Region

This research paper delves into the pressing issue of urban air pollution in the Delhi/NCR region and proposes innovative solutions from the perspective of vertical environmental engineering and technology. With the rapid urbanization and industrialization in this region, air pollution has reached alarming levels, posing significant health risks and environmental challenges. The paper begins by analysing the current state of air pollution in Delhi/NCR, highlighting the major sources and contributors to poor air quality. It then explores various innovative solutions that can be implemented to mitigate this issue effectively. These solutions include advanced air purification technologies, vertical gardens and green walls, sustainable transportation systems, smart urban planning strategies, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the paper discusses the feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of these innovative solutions, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement. By adopting a holistic approach that combines engineering, technology, and environmental science, this research aims to provide actionable insights and recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental agencies to combat urban air pollution in the Delhi/NCR region and create a healthier and more sustainable urban environment.