Preparation Technology Research Articles

Advancements in the preparation technology of small molecule artificial antigens and their specific antibodies: a comprehensive review.

Small molecules find extensive application in medicine, food safety, and environmental studies, particularly in biomedicine. Immunoassay technology, leveraging the specific recognition between antigens and antibodies, offers a superior alternative to traditional physical and chemical analysis methods. This approach allows for the rapid and accurate detection of small molecular compounds, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and swift analytical capabilities. However, small molecular compounds often struggle to effectively stimulate an immune response due to their low molecular weight, weak antigenicity, and limited antigenic epitopes. To overcome this, coupling small molecule compounds with macromolecular carriers to form complete antigens is typically required to induce specific antibodies in animals. Consequently, the preparation of small-molecule artificial antigens and the production of efficient specific antibodies are crucial for achieving precise immunoassays. This paper reviews recent advancements in small molecule antibody preparation technology, emphasizing the design and synthesis of haptens, the coupling of haptens with carriers, the purification and identification of artificial antigens, and the preparation of specific antibodies. Additionally, it evaluates the current technological shortcomings and limitations while projecting future trends in artificial antigen synthesis and antibody preparation technology.

Magnetic polymeric composites: potential for separating and degrading micro/nano plastics

The pervasive presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) across various ecological settings, organisms, and products has underscored the urgent need to collect data on their abundance and identify the polymer types in diverse substrates. NPs distinguish themselves from MPs by their smaller size. The application of magnetic composites in wastewater treatment has grown in popularity due to their remarkable flocculation capabilities and ferromagnetic properties. This comprehensive review centers on the synthesis methods, preparation technologies, and practical applications of magnetic polymeric composites for separating and degrading MPs/NPs. It offers an extensive overview of recent advancements in the separation and degradation of MPs/NPs within various wastewater sources. The review begins by consolidating efficient methods for the separation of MPs/NPs. This includes techniques such as adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, flotation, filtration, and magnetic separation. The subsequent section explores diverse approaches for the degradation of MPs/NPs, encompassing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), electrochemical degradation, photocatalysis, and biological degradation. Additionally, the review offers in-depth insights into the synthesis and characterization of magnetic polymeric composites. Lastly, it discusses the current challenges and prospects associated with the separation and degradation of MPs/NPs in wastewater treatment.

Quality examination of ice cream products made from melon grown in Khorezm area

The results of qualitative examination of melon ice cream, its raw materials, preparation technology, vitamin C content in various recipes of ice cream, as well as regulatory documents on various microbiological safety standards in the product, methods for studying the necessary microbiological indicators, as well as microbiological studies of melon ice cream in storage in different conditions are presented.

A Preparation Technology and Performance Testing of a Dry Nanozyme/Ir-TiO2 Electrode System for EEG Signal Acquisition

A Preparation Technology and Performance Testing of a Dry Nanozyme/Ir-TiO₂ Electrode System for EEG Signal Acquisition

МІКРОФЛОРА БОРОШНА ЯК СТАРТЕР ПРОЦЕСІВ БРОДІННЯ У ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЯХ

The study of microorganisms used in the food industry is necessary to improve the quality of food products. The complex nature of the relationships between members of associations of these microorganisms and the influence of endogenous factors on them should be taken into account in the production of appropriate food products.The impact of endogenous factors on microorganisms used in the food industry determines the composition of their as-sociations, which in turn determines the quality of the resulting product. Therefore, analysis of the formation of such associa-tions is a necessary element of food technology.An analysis of studies andpublications has shown that today the issues related to the formation of microorganism associa-tions used to ensure fermentation processes in food technology have been given insufficient attention in the scientific literature.The purpose of the article isto study the formation of the component composition of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts of different starter cultures depending on the endogenous factors for the differentiation of fermentation products.The formation of microorganism associations in different starter cultures has been studied. In order to conduct research, different types of starter cultures were used to prepare rye-wheat bread, beer, and fermented milk products. The taxonomic com-position of the associations of the studied starter cultureswas analyzed. Endogenous factors that are the main cause of differences in the composition of microorganism associations in different starter cultures have been studied. The significance of the synergism between lactic acid bacteria and yeast for the inhibition of bacteria harmful in food production has been determined.It has been shown that the formation of the composition of microorganisms, first of all, depends on the technology of the starter preparation, its type and the chemical composition of the fermentation substrate. The organoleptic characteristics of the resulting food products were corresponded to the composition of the association of microorganisms of the starter culture thatwas used. The results obtained show that flour starters can be usedto start the fermentation process of sugar-rich substrates

Effect of electrochemically activated aqueous solution on the yield of reducing agents during enzymatic hydrolysis of green buckwheat starch

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of complex amylolytic preparations on green buckwheat starch in the environment of oxidized and reduced fractions of electrochemically activated solutions. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the effect of catholyte and anolyte obtained from tap water on the accumulation of reducing substances in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of green buckwheat starch with the use of preparations AmyloLux ATS and Maltogenase 2X L. The practical significance of the work is related to the possibility of improving the technology of grain drinks or preparation of buckwheat malt in the production of gluten-free beer. It was found that enzymatic hydrolysis of green buckwheat starch with the use of complex amylolytic preparations proceeded most intensively when using the oxidized anodic fraction of electrochemically activated solutions. The level of reducing substances in the anolyte environment exceeded the analogous index in the samples based on water and catholyte by 1.2-1.3 times, already after 30 minutes and before the end of the process.

Application and Method of Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology in the Preparation and Characterization of Biomedical Nanoparticle Materials.

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology, as a powerful analytical tool, plays a crucial role in the preparation, performance evaluation, and biomedical applications of nanoparticles due to its real-time, label-free, and highly sensitive detection capabilities. In the nanoparticle preparation process, SPR technology can monitor synthesis reactions and surface modifications in real-time, optimizing preparation techniques and conditions. SPR enables precise measurement of interactions between nanoparticles and biomolecules, including binding affinities and kinetic parameters, thereby assessing nanoparticle performance. In biomedical applications, SPR technology is extensively used in the study of drug delivery systems, biomarker detection for disease diagnosis, and nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions. This paper reviews the latest advancements in SPR technology for nanoparticle preparation, performance evaluation, and biomedical applications, discussing its advantages and challenges in biomedical applications, and forecasting future development directions.

Technologies of casting and preparation of aluminum alloys using magnetohydrodynamics tools

Technologies of casting and preparation of aluminum alloys using magnetohydrodynamics tools

Lizunts for cows of the dry and transit period of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan with pasture maintenance

The research was conducted in 2023 in the department of feed production and animal husbandry (laboratory of feed technology and feed additives) of the Ufa experimental station of the UFIC RAS on the topic: “Development of the formulation, technology of preparation of a feed additive and determination of its effectiveness in the diets of feeding farm animals.” Considering the natural and climatic conditions (soil composition, herbage with maturation phases, temperature regime, moisture content and chemical composition of pasture feed), 3 recipes of lizunts for this group of cows with a live weight of 600 kg with a planned milk yield of 6 thousand kg of milk have been developed. Based on the available components, their chemical composition and the corresponding structure, experimental versions of lizunts with a weight of 1 kg have been developed. A comprehensive assessment of the nutritional value of one of the lizunts variants was carried out according to many indicators. The prototype has been tested for licking with a small number of pregnant dry cows.

Plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation of metal nanostructures.

As the most common nonlinear optical process, second harmonic generation (SHG) has important application value in the field of nanophotonics. With the rapid development of metal nanomaterial processing and chemical preparation technology, various structures based on metal nanoparticles have been used to achieve the enhancement and modulation of SHG. In the field of nonlinear optics, plasmonic metal nanostructures have become potential candidates for nonlinear optoelectronic devices because of their highly adjustable physical characteristics. In this article, first, the basic optical principles of SHG and the source of surface symmetry breaking in metal nanoparticles are briefly introduced. Next, the related reports on SHG in metal nanostructures are reviewed from three aspects: the enhancement of SHG efficiency by double resonance structures, the SHG effect based on magnetic resonance and the harmonic energy transfer. Then, the applications of SHG in the sensing, imaging and in situ monitoring of metal nanostructures are summarized. Future opportunities for SHG in composite systems composed of metal nanostructures and two-dimensional materials are also proposed.

INNOVATIVE PROCESS LINE FOR MATERIAL SAMPLE PREPARATION

ABSTRACT. The successful establishment and sustainable development of mining enterprises depends on a number of factors, including geological research, management of mineral extraction and processing processes, and sample preparation technology. The sample preparation plants that are currently used have a multi-stage technological process, often with manual transfer of material between technological operations. Standard crushing and grinding equipment with a low degree of grinding, high metal consumption and overall dimensions is used. Separation of material by size also occurs on standard screens, which are poorly suited for sample preparation. The purpose of the work is to substantiate an innovative technological scheme for preparing mineral samples for laboratory analysis. The determining unit of the production line is a vibrating jaw crusher with an inclined crushing chamber, which has a degree of material grinding of more than 100 and allows one to obtain a final product with a particle size of -1 mm in one pass in an open crushing cycle, which reduces the number of overload devices that significantly affect sample clogging with material. Horizontal loading of the source material and unloading of the crushed material makes it possible to arrange all equipment in a horizontal plane, eliminate large-sized metal structures and ensure ease of maintenance. The vibrating screen of the improved design has a complex working profile, which provides a significant increase in the path of transportation of material particles along the sieving surface compared to its length, effective cleaning of the mesh and its visual inspection through the transparent lid, which eliminates clogging of the material of the previous sample. The working surface is a set of sieve cards that allow quick replacement of the worn part of the screening surface. The technical characteristics of the equipment and the general view of a small-sized modular crushing and grinding plant are presented.

JIS ADC12 Aluminum Alloy Semi-Solid Slurry Preparation Technology by Applying Mechanical Vibration

JIS ADC12 Aluminum Alloy Semi-Solid Slurry Preparation Technology by Applying Mechanical Vibration

Properties, Preparation, and Application of Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their unique one-dimensional nanostructures and extraordinary physicochemical properties, have been a research hotspot in the field of materials science and nanotechnology. Their extremely high strength, good electrical conductivity, and excellent thermal conductivity make CNTs promising for a wide range of applications in many fields. In the medical field, CNTs are used in drug delivery, tumor treatment, and bioimaging due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. Especially in tumor treatment, CNTs can be used as drug carriers to deliver anti-tumor drugs directly to the lesion site and reduce damage to normal tissues. In the energy sector, the application of CNTs is mainly focused on energy storage devices and photovoltaic cells. Their high conductivity and large specific surface area make them ideal electrode materials, especially in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. In addition, CNTs can also improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells and promote the development of renewable energy technologies. In the future, the research of CNTs will continue to deepen, not only to find more efficient and economical applications in existing application fields, but also to explore new application fields, such as applications in environmental monitoring and biosensors. With the continuous progress of preparation technology and the reduction of cost, CNTs are expected to be commercialized in more fields and make greater contributions to the development of human society.

Theoretical study of the process of grain materials grinding in agriculture machinery

This paper outlines the findings of theoretical investigations into the grain materials grinding process in agriculture, focusing on the particle breakdown occurring at the moving edge of the rotor groove relative to the fixed edge of the stator. The choice of grinding methods is influenced by the processed feed, its intended purpose, the adopted feed preparation technology, and the specific farm animals involved. The study highlights the significant variations in the grinding process due to differences in dimensional characteristics and strength properties of grain materials, which impact the selection of working chamber parameters and operating modes. The paper introduces a hexagonal rotary crusher design and technological scheme, which offers the flexibility to adjust the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the working elements, energy of the process, and grinding quality within a wide range. Further research on the system dynamics requires experimental studies of grain material grinders utilizing diverse destruction methods. This study aims to advance understanding of the grain materials grinding process and optimize feed processing techniques for improved livestock productivity and product quality.

THE PREPARATION OF NANOPARTICLE FILMS BASED ON LIGHT WELDING TECHNOLOGY

Continuous improvements in scientific research methods have led to increasingly in-depth technological applications of nanomaterials. Currently, research on nanomaterials is no longer limited to analyzing their physical properties, but also focuses on ways to achieve efficient and low-cost nanomaterial synthesis. Nanoparticle films (NFs) are a type of nanomaterial that can be applied in multiple fields. In this study, we investigated ways to improve the self-assembly technology at the water-vapor interface using light welding (LW) technology in order to enhance the mechanical strength and achieve low-cost nanomaterial preparation of high conductivity and flexible metal NFs. The results showed that the resistance of NFs significantly decreased after improving the self-assembly technology at the water-vapor interface using the LW technology. After 60 minutes of light treatment, the resistance of silver NFs decreased by about 53 Ω and the resistance of the gold NFs decreased by about 9 Ω. After photo-welding treatment, the catalytic activity of the self-supporting porous gold film was the highest with a peak current density of 24.6 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The results obtained in this research study can be employed to improve the preparation technology of fluid self-assembled nanomaterials. LW technology can be utilized to achieve low-cost manufacturing of nanomaterials with high strength and expand the application field of NFs.

The application of plasma technology for the preparation of supercapacitor electrode materials.

With the rapidly growing demand for clean energy and energy interconnection, there is an urgent need for rapid and high-capacity energy storage technologies to realize large-scale energy storage, transfer energy, and establish the energy internet. Supercapacitors, which have advantages such as high specific capacitance, fast charging and discharging rates, and long cycle lifetimes, are being widely used in electric vehicles, information technology, aerospace, and other fields. The performance of supercapacitors is crucially dependent on electrode materials. These can be categorized into electric double-layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors, primarily made from carbon and transition metal oxides, respectively. However, effectively monitoring the physicochemical properties of electrode materials during preparation and processing is challenging, which limits the improvement of supercapacitors' performance. Plasma materials preparation technology can effectively affect the materials preparation processing by energetic electrons, ions, free radicals, and multiple effects in plasma, which are easily manipulated by operation parameters. Therefore, plasma material preparation technology is considered a promising method to precisely monitor the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of energy storage materials and has been widely studied. This paper provides an overview of plasma materials preparation mechanisms, and details of the plasma technology application in the preparation of transition metal hybrids, carbon, and composite electrode materials, as well as a comparison with traditional methods. In conclusion, the advantages, challenges, and research directions of plasma materials preparation technology in the field of electrode materials preparation are summarized.

Research on the Preparation Technology of Ultra-High-Strength and High-Performance Concrete

Research on the Preparation Technology of Ultra-High-Strength and High-Performance Concrete

Solvent-free preparation and thermocompression self-assembly: an exploration of performance improvement strategies for perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit sufficient technological efficiency and economic competitiveness. However, their poor stability and scalability are crucial factors limiting their rapid development. Therefore, achieving both high efficiency and good stability is an urgent challenge. In addition, the preparation methods for PSCs are currently limited to laboratory-scale methods, so their commercialization requires further research. Effective packaging technology is essential to protect the PSCs from degradation by external environmental factors and ensure their long-term stability. The industrialization of PSCs is also inseparable from the preparation technology of perovskite thin films. This review discusses the solvent-free preparation of PSCs, shedding light on the factors that affect PSC performance and strategies for performance enhancement. Furthermore, this review analyzes the existing simulation techniques that have contributed to a better understanding of the interfacial evolution of PSCs during the packaging process. Finally, the current challenges and possible solutions are highlighted, providing insights to facilitate the development of highly efficient and stable PSC modules to promote their widespread application.

Framework structure design based on porous permeable concrete material in expressway tunnel drainage system

As an important construction material for drainage system construction, permeable concrete has the characteristics of porous and breathable, but the existing mix preparation technology makes it difficult to prepare high-strength porous permeable concrete material. The study introduces a permeable concrete skeleton structure that considers compressive strength and permeability coefficient. Moreover, the proportion design method is adjusted based on the spherical characteristics of the aggregates, which are analyzed using Image Pro-Plus image processing technology. The parameters of the permeable concrete skeleton structure, such as the number of contact points, width of the contact zone, and thickness of the inter-aggregate slurry, are quantified. Additionally, the proportion design method is refined by incorporating the target mechanical properties and water permeability performance of the permeable concrete, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties and water permeability. To enhance the mechanical properties and water permeability of pervious concrete, modifications are made to the proportion design method based on target mechanical properties and water permeability. This includes balancing the mechanical properties and water permeability through the design of the concrete's skeleton structure, the composition of the cement slurry, and the adjustment of additive mixing amounts. The use of a single-graded pyrophyllite aggregate enables the preparation of high-strength and high-permeability concrete. The experiment showed that the minimum deviation of compressive strength of group A was 15.29%, the average was 18.17%, and the minimum deviation of compressive strength of group B was 42.59%, the average was 45.27%. The minimum deviation of the water permeability coefficient in group A was 10.60%, with an average of 16.50%, and the minimum deviation of the water permeability coefficient in group B was 11.35%, with an average of 19.18%. In addition, the correction coefficient relationship between aggregate sphericity and the number of contact points, contact zone width and paste thickness between aggregates was established. Through the correction of the coefficient, the high strength, and high permeability concrete with permeability coefficient, compressive strength, and effective porosity of 1.15, 23.6mpa, and 18.5% can be obtained. The mix proportion design of permeable concrete using a skeleton structure in this study has economic and social benefits for construction engineering, "sponge city" construction, and urban sustainable development. In terms of economic benefits, permeable concrete, as an ecological and environmentally friendly concrete, has low production costs and good bearing capacity and permeability, reducing construction costs. In terms of social benefits, the application of permeable concrete can make urban floors more breathable and permeable, alleviate the pressure on urban drainage systems, and improve the ecological balance and environmental quality of the city. The application of permeable concrete can reduce reliance on traditional drainage materials and reduce negative impacts on the environment. Materials can also be recycled and reused, which helps to enhance the sustainable development capacity of cities.

Latest Research Progress on Nano-Engineered Concrete

As one of the most obvious manifestations of tangible footprint of human civilization on Earth, concrete is largely and widely applied, and has become the largest amount of man-made engineering material in the world. Compared with other engineering materials, concrete consumes less production resource and energy, has fewer harmful by-products, and causes less environmental impact. Additionally, due to its excellent mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and fatigue resistance, along with its water and fire resistance, the infrastructure constructed by applying concrete has the advantages of high safety, durability, and low maintenance. Consequently, concrete remains a reliable choice for sustainable development of the field of human construction and engineering and remains indispensable in the future. However, inherent shortcomings and current performance limitations of concrete do not meet the requirements for the construction and expansion of human living spaces in the future. Moreover, the production and use of large quantities of concrete have a significant impact on resources, energy, and environment. Nanoscience and nanotechnology can be used to understand and control concrete at its fundamental level, enabling the realization of (ultra) high-performance and multifunctional/smart concrete, which in turn can give impetus to addressing the aforementioned challenges and achieving sustainable development. This article focuses on three core research advancements related to enhancement/modification mechanisms, preparation and performance control, and performance and functionality characterization for engineering applications of nanoengineered concrete. It mainly introduces the explanation/principle investigation of scientific phenomena including nano-core effect, nano-core effect zone, nano-core effect-induced enrichment effect for interface enhancement, nano-core effect-induced ultrahigh-density calcium silicate gel, and nanoscale pore structure characteristics, the exploration of advanced technologies for performance modulation and large-scale preparation of nano-engineered concrete (e. g. , surface treatment, self-assembly, and in-situ growth techniques, etc. ) , as well as the understanding gained from the expansion of the properties of nanoengineered concrete and the validation of engineering applications in the fields of civil engineering, transportation, municipal, marine, energy, and military.