Data Transmission Technology Research Articles

Is remote live urologic surgery a reality? Evidences from a systematic review of the literature.

The possibility of performing remote-surgery has been the goal to achieve, since the early development of the first surgical robotic platforms. This systematic review aims to analyse the state of the art in the field and to provide an overview of the possible growth of this technology. All English language publications on Telementoring and Telesurgery for minimally invasive urologic procedures were evaluated. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement to evaluate PubMed®, Scopus®, and Web of Science™ databases (up to June 2019). Our electronic search identified a total of 124 papers in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of these, 81 publications were identified for detailed review, which yielded 22 included in the present systematic review. Our results showed that remote surgery has been under-utilised until today, mostly due to the lack of appropriate telecommunication technologies. Remote live surgery is a growing technology that is catalyzing incremental interest. Despite not being yet reliable today on a regular basis in its most advanced applications, thanks to the advent of novel data-transmission technologies, telepresence might become a critical educational methodology, highly impacting the global healthcare system.

Sistem Pendeteksi Polusi Udara di Kota Bandar Lampung Menggunakan Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT)

Bandar Lampung City is the centre of the economy, services and trade in Lampung Province so that a healthy city environment needs to be kept clean and comfortable to support people's lives in carrying out daily activities. One factor that affects the cleanliness and comfort of the city of Bandar Lampung is the condition of air quality in the city of Bandar Lampung. The number of vehicles and industrial factories in the city of Bandar Lampung has become a major factor affecting air quality, such as the increase in harmful pollutant gases such as carbon monoxide gas (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), dust (PM10), nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2) and sulfur dioxide gas (SO2).Pollutant gas monitoring is one of the solutions in creating good air quality for the community. One of them is by utilizing information and communication technology. One of the utiliparameterion of information and communication technology in air quality monitoring is to use Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN technology, which is the technology used to distribute and acquire data that is monitored and controlled centrally. This research builds an air pollution monitoring system in Bandar Lamping City by utilizing WSN and GSM technology for wireless data transmission to server applications. The results of this study are air pollution monitoring systems running well by displaying the outputs of sensor node acquisition based on the parameters of carbon monoxide (CO), dust (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gases. The results of the calculation of the average overall sensor nodes for each parameter are 49 μg / m3 for PM10 substances, 34 μg / m3 for SO2 substances, 24 μg / m3 for NO2 substances, and 25 μg / m3 for CO substances. Based on the ISPU index and category, the results are in a good category. This means that the condition of air quality in the city of Bandar Lampung in the good category.

Implementation of Li-Fi Technology in Classrooms

In this paper the implementation of Li-Fi technology in classrooms has been investigated. It is well known that the visual information is better perceived by the brain as compared with the textual information. Using visuals to explain a concept helps student get a better perception about the topic. To ensure the best of the visual experience, there is a big need of an efficient way of communication between the devices used by students and the teacher.The traditional methods like Wi-Fi or wired connections are not much efficient due to the speed limitation and other factors. Light fidelity, also known as Li-Fi is a type of data transmission technology which uses light rays to transmit data. By implementation of this technology, high volume of data can be transmitted at extremely high speed as it gives higher bandwidth. It also ensures efficiency, security, as well as the mobility of the device. Hence, we are looking to implement this technology to enhance the learning experience of the students. Every student gets a visual input on what, when, where and how anything happens and the concepts are understood easily and thoroughly. Also, it is cheap and safe to the human body.

Government-NGO-Community Partnership in Slum Health Service: Missing Link

The strategy of partnership among Government, voluntary agencies and community has been devised in Odisha for improving health standards in urban community (particularly slums) by enhancing the availability and access to the health services. The programmes envisage empowering the community to manage their health concerns with Government only playing the role of a facilitator. The present study has been undertaken to assess the real grounding of such 'doctrines of partnership' in today's socio-political context and its maneuvering towards realization of the targeted goals. The techniques of interview, focused group discussion (FGD), case analysis and field observation have been adopted for a holistic analysis of the project from the angles of its impact and sustainability. The findings point to the missing link of appropriate technology in creating a robust data base, 'tech-led disease surveillance system', 'telemedicine' and interactive video conferencing with audio, video, real time diagnosis and data transmission technologies. The study also points to a need for policy intervention for institutionalization of partnership among different departments and stakeholders.

The Future of Radio Controlled Switches with Autonomous Power Supply

A promising control method for railways, that takes into account minimization of the number of outdoor technological facilities, use of wireless data transmission technologies, as well as use of renewable energy sources for decentralized switch systems is considered. It is proposed to implement all other commands through the use of cyber-protected radio channel while renouncing to discrete positioning of mobile units and discrete transmission of data on the speed patterns of train movement. The system of switches with autonomous power and use of a radio channel to manage and control the position of switch blades must be adapted in stages, starting from the local level and basing on availability of portable devices and going to comprehensive centralised control system within the station.

Development of a new distributed hybrid seismic and electrical data acquisition station based on system-on-a-programmable-chip technology

Abstract. In the past few decades, with the continuous advancement of technology, seismic and electrical instruments have developed rapidly. However, complex and harsh exploration environments led to higher requirements and severe challenges for traditional geophysical exploration methods and instruments. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop new high-precision exploration instruments and data acquisition systems. In this study, a new distributed seismic and electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed using system-on-a-programmable-chip (SoPC) technology. The acquisition station hardware includes an analog board and a main control board. The analog board uses a signal conditioning circuit and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADS1271) to achieve high-precision data acquisition, while the main control board uses a low-power SoPC to enable high-speed stable data transmission. We designed the data transmission protocol for the acquisition station and developed independently an improved low-voltage differential signaling data transmission technology. What's more, a method to enhance the precision of synchronous acquisition was studied in depth. These key technologies, which were developed for the acquisition station, were integrated into the SoPC of the main control board. Test results indicate that the synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than 200 ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16 Mbps along a 55 m cable. The developed acquisition station has the advantages of low noise, large dynamic range, low power consumption, etc., and it can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic and electrical data.

Skin‐Inspired Electronics and Its Applications in Advanced Intelligent Systems

Recent interdisciplinary progress in flexible materials, devices, and system designs has brought about an emerging paradigm of skin‐like multifunctional electronic platforms named skin‐inspired electronics. Featured with excellent flexible mechanical properties, thin and conformal devices, and integrated sensing functions similar to those of human skin, skin‐inspired electronics exhibit great potential in the application fields of wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces. Many real‐world implementations of the intelligent system of skin‐inspired electronics in healthcare monitoring, artificial prosthetics via the creation of sensitive skin, and robot tactile perception are demonstrated. Combined with the technologies of wireless data transmission, self‐powered supply modules, and signal‐processing circuits, skin‐inspired electronics are expected to achieve improved portability, multifunctional integration, on‐site analysis, and in‐time feedback. Herein, recent advances in skin‐inspired electronics, its promising solutions to engineering challenges, and opinions on future research directions are discussed.

Delivering Sustained, Coordinated, and Integrated Observations of the Southern Ocean for Global Impact

The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system, impacting climatic, biogeochemical and ecological systems, which makes recent observed changes to this system cause for global concern. The enhanced understanding and improvements in predictive skill needed for understanding and projecting future states of the Southern Ocean require sustained observations. Over the last decade, the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) has established networks for enhancing regional coordination and research community groups to advance development of observing system capabilities. These networks support delivery of the SOOS 20-year vision, which is to develop a circumpolar system that ensures time series of key variables, and deliver the greatest impact from data to all key end-users. Although the Southern Ocean remains one of the least-observed ocean regions, enhanced international coordination and advances in autonomous platforms have resulted in progress towards addressing the need for sustained observations of this region. Since 2009, the Southern Ocean community has deployed over 5700 observational platforms south of 40°S. Large-scale, multi-year or sustained, multidisciplinary efforts have been supported and are now delivering observations of essential variables at space and time scales that enable assessment of changes being observed in Southern Ocean systems. The improved observational coverage, however, is predominantly for the open ocean, encompasses the summer, consists of primarily physical oceanographic variables and covers surface to 2000 m. Significant gaps remain in observations of the ice-impacted ocean, the sea ice, depths more than 2000 m, the air-sea-ice interface, biogeochemical and biological variables, and for seasons other than summer. Addressing these data gaps in a sustained way requires parallel advances in coordination networks, cyberinfrastructure and data management tools, observational platform and sensor technology, platform interrogation and data-transmission technologies, modeling frameworks, and internationally agreed sampling requirements of key variables. This paper presents a community statement on the major scientific and observational progress of the last decade, and importantly, an assessment of key priorities for the coming decade, towards achieving the SOOS vision and delivering essential data to all end users.

Development of GPS Positioning and Navigation Software System Based on VC++

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the field positioning and navigation technology has also been continuously developed. The global positioning system(GPS), can provide fast and accurate positioning and navigation for exploration operations in desert areas. In this paper, the developed GPS navigation and positioning software system solves the problem of cooperation between GPS user terminal equipment and exploration site. It also effectively combines image processing, data transmission, data processing, error analysis and other technologies to achieve the goals such as data recording and transmission, field navigation, data browsing and query, coordinate transformation, error analysis, and printing curve. After field test work and post-data processing, the software proved to have the following advantages: convenient operation, accurate coordinate transformation and complete functions. It could meet the requirements for accurate GPS positioning and navigation of the field exploration. Its practical effect is good and can provide reference for future field exploration and navigation mapping.

Silicon-Photomultiplier-Based Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using Pulse-Amplitude Modulation

Emerging maritime applications arising from the continued growth of the marine economy have an inherent need for high data rate underwater wireless links. Within this context, underwater wireless optical communication is known as a promising technology for data transmission over short-to-medium ranges; the current available technology provides a transmission span of about 100 m. In view of extending the transmission range, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have recently emerged as a photodetection solution offering high receiver (Rx) sensitivity together with operational flexibility. In this paper, we introduce the use of pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) together with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) at the Rx to boost the communication rate beyond the bandwidth (BW) limitation of the optoelectronic components. For instance, for a link BW limited to 2 MHz and 2-PAM transmission with a target bit-error rate (BER) of $10^{-4}$ , the link becomes nonoperational for data rates higher than $\sim\! \text{8}$ Mbps without equalization, whereas much higher data rates can be attained using FDE, e.g., 20 and 50 Mbps with maximum ranges of 28 and 10 m, respectively, in clear waters for the SensL MicroSB-30020 SiPM and an average transmit optical power of 0.6 W only. Meanwhile, the nonlinear distortion of the SiPM is shown to limit the modulation order and thus the data rate in relatively short ranges. We also propose appropriate processing for PAM modulation and demodulation, given the quantum-noise-limited Rx when using an SiPM. We show that the use of nonbinary PAM is undeniably advantageous for moderate data rates (symbol rate a few MHz higher than the overall link BW) when no channel equalization is performed at the Rx. However, when employing FDE, only for very high data rates (e.g., symbol rate ten times higher than the link BW), where the link frequency response becomes highly frequency selective, the nonbinary PAM becomes practically interesting, outperforming 2-PAM.

Matched Filter Based Detection over Time Varying Fading Channels with Reduced Complexity

Challenges in high speed data transmission technology over time varying fading channels is addressed in this paper. More precisely, the signal processing at the receiver side has to be analyzed for such systems, as it is well known that the mobile radio channels are characterized by frequency selective fast fading is typically introduced error in the received signal. Thus, the performance of the receiver severely degraded because of such factors. Specifically, this paper deals with the detection using a matched filter followed by low weight near maximum likelihood detector (NMLD) for the application of digital signal processing in outdoor vehicular radio environments. Nearly Maximum Likelihood Detection depends on the length of the stored vectors as well as depends on the numbers of the stored vector. In [1] complexity is reduced by reducing the stored vectors, in this paper same NMLD used but the complexity of the matched filter is reduced by some variance. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) is measured with signal to noise ratio.

Performance Analysis of Q Factor Optical Communication in Free Space Optics and Single Mode Fiber

Developments in the technology sector are currently experiencing rapid progress, especially in data transmission technology. The increasing need for fast data traffic in the telecommunications sector requires technology that can send data quickly. Optical fiber has the speed of receiving and sending data at 2.5 Gbps while FSO has a speed of up to 100 Gbps but this depends on Wavelength, the modulation technique used and the distance of the telescope between the transmitter and receiver. The speed of receiving and sending data also depends on the Quality (Q) of the signal, the greater the value of Quality (Q) of the signal, the better the Quality of the signal. FSO is an optical communication system that uses the atmosphere as its propagation medium and Optical Fiber uses silica as its propagation medium. Therefore, in this paper, a performance analysis of Free Space Optics (FSO) and Single Mode Fiber is carried out based on the Quality Factor and Bit Error Rate (BER) of a signal that is carried out using Optical System simulations with a wavelength of 1310 nm, 1380 nm, 1550 nm, 1550 nm and 1560 nm, with 1 km, 3 km and 5 km, respectively. Then, analysis uses an Eye Diagram to analyze the output signal and compare the Factor Q and Bit Rate Error (BER).

Research on mine acoustic wave transmission technology

In view of the present coal mine underground majority drilling construction still uses the non-directional drilling technology in present situation, it is proposed to use the propagation characteristics of sound waves in acoustic drill rods to study the mining data transmission technology based on acoustic wave transmission to make up for the existing drilling while drilling. Insufficient transmission mode by studying the propagation characteristics of sound waves in the drill pipe, revealing the law of amplitude attenuation and residual wave variation of the acoustic signal in the drill pipe, determining the signal transmission frequency and amplitude; considering the actual working conditions of the coal mine, designing a rare earth based the explosion-proof transducer of giant magnetostrictive material is used as the signal source. Finally, the reliability of the transmission scheme and signal source is verified by the signal transmission simulation test.

Implementasi Jaringan VPN dengan Routing Protocol terhadap Jaringan Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

The convergence of the internet and telecommunications is growing, with applications in it increasingly dependent on the availability of large bandwidth, with its QoS settings requiring networks and elements in them that provide full support for data security and increased network performance. The need for data transmission technology that not only facilitates routing and discovery of the best paths but can also provide security in data communication. This study discusses the implementation of VPN networks with routing protocols on the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. After implementation, MPLS network performance will be tested and compared to performance without MPLS using the model planned by the researcher. The specific purpose of this study is to show how routing protocols play an important role in strengthening data communication traffic management that supports MPLS capabilities of VPN networks and is applied to the AMIK Indonesia network architecture. This research will use the literature study method which is intended to obtain and study data contained in computers connected to networks in the AMIK Indonesia computer network laboratory. The conclusion obtained from this study is that MPLS VPN provides bandwidth efficiency in the backbone, MPLS VPN network applications have functioned functionally according to the initial plan of the study and the authors have also managed to configure different networks and obtain stable bandwidth.Keywords:Implementation; VPN; Multi Protocol Label Switching

Comparative analysis of modern data transmission technologies

Comparative analysis of modern data transmission technologies

ПРОБЛЕМИ АДАПТАЦІЇ СТАТИСТИКИ ШИРОКОСМУГОВОГО ДОСТУПУ ДО МЕРЕЖІ ІНТЕРНЕТ В УКРАЇНІ ДО МІЖНАРОДНИХ ІНДИКАТОРІВ

В статті досліджуються методологічні проблеми адаптації статистики широкосмугового доступу до мережі Інтернет (ШСД) в Україні до міжнародних індикаторів сфери – європейського цифрового табло та індексу DESI в частині ШСД, індикаторів інших міжнародних організацій в цій сфері.
 Встановдено, що через невиконання урядових рішень щодо визначення індексів, індикаторів та методик оцінювання цифрового розвитку України відповідно до міжнародних практик, офіційна статистика продовжує використовувати показники, що не дозволяють в повній мірі здійснювати міжнародні порівняння, розробляти стратегічні документи щодо перспектив розвитку ШСД в країні. Не гармонізовано з європейськими підходами аналіз діапазонів швидкостей ШСД. Це не дозволяє оцінювати ступінь проникнення передових технологій (звичайний, швидкий, надшвидкний ШСД). Дані щодо покриття 3-4G технологіями зв’язку фрагментарні. Відрізняються термінологічні підходи до визначення технологій підключення і передачі даних, об’єкту надання послуг (в ЄС ним є домогосподарство, в Україні – абонент), способу встановлення договірних відносин щодо надання послуг ШСД (контракт з ідентифікацією підписчика чи анонімна передплата). В Україні значною мірою офіційно не публікується статистика, яка вимагається від суб’єктів господарювання згідно форм державних статистичних спостережень. В той же час Міжнародний Союз Електрозв’язку публікує значний діапазон статистичних даних, які не оприлюднює офіційна статистика в Україні, – фінансові показники, обсяг інвестицій, цін (не співпадають з європейськими підходами до формування послуг кошику ШСД), податкового навантаження на споживачів послуг ШСД.
 Запропоновано структуру формування в України аналога показника DESI 1b3 Spectrum, який в ЄС не розраховується з 2018 р., оскільки його цілі досягнуті. Для країни з перехідною економікою, де лише формуються інституційні засади ринкової економіки, суспільства та є значне технологічне відставання, він є доцільним. До статистичної бази слід своєчасно вносити показники, які відображають нові явища в сфері, наприклад, ступінь розвитку 5G.

Technology Assessment of IoT Wireless Network Technologies for the Telecommunication Sector

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are of particular interest for telecommunication companies that can significantly affect the interaction of economic agents. As a result of the growth in the number of connected devices, the introduction of cloud services and business applications it became possible to combine equipment, information systems and management systems into a single communication network which in turn gave impetus to the development of the Internet of Things. The basis for the development of the Internet of Things is modern data transmission technologies including IoT Wireless Networks. There are, currently, a number of wireless IoT technologies which have different characteristics. In this regard, it is of interest to identify the most promising technologies that will form the basis of the infrastructure for the development of the IoT ecosystem. This paper develops an assessment model for the application potential of IoT wireless network technologies for the telecommunication sector. LPWAN, 4G and Wi-Fi were identified as the most promising technologies. The majority of the assessment criteria are applicable to other telecommunication technologies

Data-Based Services for Smart Load Carriers: Functional Design and Requirements Analysis for Internet of Things Technologies

Expert interviews have shown that a lack of transparency of load carriers is one of the main problems of supply chains, e.g. the overstock of load carriers goes undetected and understock is detected too late. In order to counteract this problem, load carriers are equipped with technologies for data generation and transmission to a cloud-system. Data-based services, e.g. “Tracking” and “Monitoring of Stock Level” that are realised as web-apps evaluate the data automatically and recognise supply-chain-events. This paper describes the conceptual implementation of a data-based service from a process and technology perspective in order to avoid the potential over- and understock of load carriers. From the process perspective and based on the example of the data-based service “Monitoring of Stock Level”, a function-diagram has been designed. This processes data in a sequence of functions into output data and performance. From the technology perspective, requirements of the technologies for data generation and transmission have been derived from the function-diagram. These support the selection of technologies for companies.

MICHEL FOUCAULT’S ARCHAEOLOGY OF LANGUAGE

Natural language plays a fundamental role in cognition and communication, but in the modern information society, language is increasingly used as a data transmission technology. The study of the problem of language power over thinking is a significant contribution to understanding the nature of language and its relationship with thinking. This article presents an analysis of the peculiarities of M. Foucault’s views on the problem of relationship between language and thinking. The author applies the elements of Foucault’s archaeological approach and studies his concepts in connection with the ideas of other French thinkers. During the analysis, the author formulates her vision of the concepts of power and discourse. The first part of the article considers the understanding of natural language as a complex open sign system that interacts with the outside world and constantly accumulates elements of culture and creativity, from the point of view of philosophy and structural linguistics. The understanding of the division of language into separate discourses is explained. The presentation of the original methodology of Foucault’s language research explains what makes it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the historical development of discourse in the social aspect. Further, Foucault’s views on the role of language in obtaining knowledge and the formation of thinking are reflected, as well as an understanding of the relations of power that the philosopher notices in mental and speech activity of individuals. There follows J. Baudrillard’s criticism of Foucouldian concept of power and the process of language development in society. In conclusion, the author summarizes the analyzed views on power, development of language and thinking as well as Foucault’s understanding of language.

Экспериментальное исследование передачи мультимедиа контента для приложений дополненной реальности на базе беспроводной сенсорной сети

The article presents the results of an experimental investigation of the transfer of multimedia content for augmented reality applications based on a wireless sensor network. I EEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol, as well as IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) are considered as a data transmission technology in a wireless sensor network. The choice of these technologies allows the interaction of Internet of Things devices with each other with the possibility of self-organization and delivery of data for augmented reality applications by relaying through intermediate nodes. In the first part of the article, the features of the transmission of voice and images through a network fragment are experimentally identified. During voice transmission, different languages are considered and the quality of perception at the receiving side is determined. In the second part of the article, the features of data transmission through intermediate nodes are experimentally identified for this purpose, full-scale and simulation modeling are used. On the basis of the conducted research and subsequent analysis, the dependences of the network operation parameters on the number of nodes in the network and the number of transitions are presented.