Culture Technology Research Articles

Investigating the effect of pregabalin on neuronal development using ultrashort self-assembling peptides: Assessing 3D neuronal cultures with high throughput robotic 3D bioprinting

Pregabalin is a widely prescribed drug for various neurological disorders, yet its effects on embryonic cortical neuron development when given to pregnant women remain inadequately explored. In this study, we employed advanced three-dimensional (3D) culturing and in-house developed high-throughput robotic 3D bioprinting technologies to evaluate their potential in neuropharmacology applications, using pregabalin as a model compound. Using a robotic 3D bioprinter and tetrameric IIZK peptide hydrogel as bioink, we created constructs with pregabalin-treated and untreated primary mouse embryonic cortical neurons. This setup allowed us to study the drug’s effects on cell viability, expression of neuronal markers, and neuron development. Our comparative analysis between 2D and 3D peptide-based cell culture models revealed that at a therapeutic concentration of 10 μM, pregabalin does not affect neuronal viability or the morphogenesis of cortical neurons. However, it significantly alters adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, suggesting potential disruptions in mitochondrial function. Moreover, gene expression analysis of key genes involved in the development of the forebrain and the differentiation and maturation of neurons revealed significant alterations, including the downregulation of Dlx2, Nhlh2, Otp, and Gad67. These findings, together with observed alterations in neuronal activity and oscillations, emphasize the complex impact of pregabalin on neuronal development and function. They highlight the necessity for comprehensive clinical evaluations of its use during pregnancy. Furthermore, our research demonstrates the feasibility and value of integrating 3D cultures with high-throughput 3D bioprinting in neuropharmacology, opening new avenues for investigating drug effects on neuronal development and function, and contributing to safer clinical practices.

Behavioral strategy of adaptation of <i>Polypterus senegalus</i>(Polypteridae) with an increase in ambient temperature

This paper investigates the effect of temperature increase on the behaviour of Polypterus under laboratory experimental conditions. To investigate the effect of a change in temperature regime, analysis of video recordings of animal behaviour over eight hours under acclimation conditions and under a constant temperature increase is used. The temperature increase occurred at a rate of 1,125°C/hour. The movement trajectories of the animals under normal conditions and under a sudden increase in ambient temperature are described. The paper presents results on the speed and activity of the fish movements and the number of acts of air entrapment by polypterus from the water surface. The studies show that the increase in temperature leads to an increase in the variability of the animals’ movement trajectories. A steady increase in temperature leads to an increase in the speed and activity of the animals’ movements. As the temperature regime changes, there is an increase in the number of acts of air capture from the water surface. The largest jump in activity change is observed in the second and third hours of temperature increase. The obtained material can serve as a basis for the development of ideas about the behavioural adaptation of bony fishes to the increase in ambient temperature. The observed regularities in the responses to temperature changes will make it possible to improve the technology of polypterus cultivation.

Assessment of cluster front line demonstration on yield and economics of summer sesame

Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops which play a major role in increasing the income of small and marginal farmers of the Kutch region of Gujarat. To promote the improved cultivation technology of sesame with high yielding variety ‘GT4’ and ‘GJT5’, 123 cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted in 63.2 ha area during summer, at ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kukma, Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat during summer 2017 to 2020. The four years data revealed that the average yield increased to 16.34% over the existing practice due to adoption of improved practice. The average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were 270.5 kg/ha, 121 kg/ha and 24.95%, respectively. Furthermore, the economics of the demonstrations and farmers practice showed an increased net return of ₹39,319/ha with benefit: cost ratio (BCR) of 2.47 in demonstrated plots over conventional plots where it was ₹30,700/ha and 2.19, respectively. By conducting front line demonstration of the proven technologies, yield potential of sesame crop could be enhanced to a greater extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.

Bacteriocin characterization of Enterococcus faecium isolates and evaluation of their in situ anti-Listerial activity in Beyaz cheese

Nowadays, as the interest in natural preservatives increases, research on bioprotective cultures that produce bacteriocins and studies on the use of these cultures in foods are also increasing day by day. Present study aimed to investigate bacteriocin characterization and safety of Enterococcus faecium H108, H206 isolates and their potential utilization in the reduction of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644 in Beyaz cheese. Enterocin producing E. faecium H108 and H206 strains were isolated from raw cow's milk and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Enterocin containing supernatants of E. faecium H108 and H206 were found to be stable to heat various chemicals used in food industry, wide pH range, lysozyme and catalase enzymes. On the other hand, activity of enterocins were inactivated by proteolytic enzymes. Maximum activity of E. faecium H108 was 6400 AU/mL, while that of H206 was 12800 AU/mL, and the activities remained stable for 24 h. Supernatant of both E. faecium H108 and H206 inhibited L. monocytogenes growth in vitro. E. faecium H108 and H206 did not show haemolytic and DN-ase activities and were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested. The isolates were used in Beyaz cheese and were found to significantly, but not completely inhibit L. monocytogenes growth. The findings of this research suggest that E. faecium H108 and H206 isolates, after a detailed safety assessment, might be employed as bioprotective cultures in Beyaz cheese with starter culture or hurdle technologies.

Transformasi Tradisi Mangalehen Tuor dalam Upacara Perkawinan Mandailing Pasca Migrasi ke Kota Medan

This research examines the transformation of the Mangalehen Tuor tradition in Mandailing ethnic wedding ceremonies after migration to Medan City. This tradition has undergone significant adaptation in the context of rapid urbanization and intercultural interactions in urban environments. Changes in the implementation of traditions, such as adjustments to the time and place of implementation, as well as changes in participation and delivery of advice, are the main focus of this research. Factors influencing these changes, such as urbanization, intercultural interactions, the influence of the younger generation, economics, and technology, are analyzed to understand the dynamics of cultural adaptation in a broader context. Despite undergoing transformation, efforts to preserve Mandailing cultural values ??remain a priority, reflected in cultural education efforts, community activities and technology integration. This research provides insight into how ethnic communities manage and maintain their cultural identity amidst the ever-growing challenges of globalization and modernization.

Advances of 3D Cell Co-Culture Technology Based on Microfluidic Chips.

Cell co-culture technology aims to study the communication mechanism between cells and to better reveal the interactions and regulatory mechanisms involved in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. This is achieved by simulating the complex organismic environment. Such studies are of great significance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of multicellular organisms. As an emerging cell cultivation technology, 3D cell co-culture technology, based on microfluidic chips, can efficiently, rapidly, and accurately achieve cell co-culture. This is accomplished by leveraging the unique microchannel structures and flow characteristics of microfluidic chips. The technology can simulate the native microenvironment of cell growth, providing a new technical platform for studying intercellular communication. It has been widely used in the research of oncology, immunology, neuroscience, and other fields. In this review, we summarize and provide insights into the design of cell co-culture systems on microfluidic chips, the detection methods employed in co-culture systems, and the applications of these models.

Features of root rot incidence depending on elements of spring wheat cultivation technology in the Ob region Forest-steppe

Features of root rot incidence depending on elements of spring wheat cultivation technology in the Ob region Forest-steppe

Short-term cultured tumor fragments to study immunotherapy combinations based on CD137 (4-1BB) agonism

ABSTRACT Biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy are an unmet medical need. The group of Daniela Thommen at the NKI recently reported on novel methodologies based on short-term cultures of patient-derived tumor fragments whose cytokine concentrations in the supernatants and activation markers on infiltrating T cells were associated with clinical response to PD-1 blockade. We set up a similar culture technology with tumor-derived fragments using mouse tumors transplanted into syngeneic immunocompetent mice to test an agonist anti-CD137 mAb and its combinations with anti-PD-1 and/or anti-TGF-β. Increases in IFNγ concentrations in the tissue culture supernatants were detected upon in-culture activation with the anti-CD137 and anti-PD-1 mAb combinations or concanavalin A as a positive control. No other cytokine from a wide array was informative of stimulation with these mAbs. Interestingly, increases in Ki67 and other activation markers were substantiated in lymphocytes from cell suspensions gathered at the end of 72 h cultures. In mice bearing bilateral tumors in which one was excised prior to in vivo anti-CD137 + anti-PD-1 treatment to perform the fragment culture evaluation, no association was found between IFNγ production from the fragments and the in vivo therapeutic outcome in the non-resected contralateral tumors. The experimental system permitted freezing and thawing of the fragments with similar functional outcomes. Using a series of patient-derived tumor fragments from excised solid malignancies, we showed IFNγ production in a fraction of the studied cases, that was conserved in frozen/thawed fragments. The small tumor fragment culture technique seems suitable to preclinically explore immunotherapy combinations.

Implementing Internet of Things for Real-Time Monitoring and Regulation of Off-Season Grafting and Post-Harvest Storage in Citrus Cultivation: A Case Study from the Hilly Regions of Nepal

Citrus fruit cultivation, especially mandarin oranges, is crucial to the economy of Nepal’s hilly regions due to their ideal geoclimatic conditions. Despite its economic importance, the sector faces several challenges, such as inadequate grafting techniques, low-quality saplings, and ineffective post-harvest storage. This paper explores these issues and proposes innovative solutions through the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. To address these challenges, we identified key areas for improvement. First, we focused on extending grafting practices during the off-season to ensure a higher success rate and better-quality saplings. Second, we examined different post-harvest storage methods to determine their effectiveness in terms of shelf life, decay loss, and quality of fruit. In addition to exploring post-harvest strategies, this paper provides preharvest recommendations for farmers, emphasizing methods to enhance fruit quality and longevity through effective pre-storage practices. Our IoT-based approach introduces off-season grafting in polyhouses and advanced monitoring for post-harvest storage. The results are promising: We achieved grafting success rates of 91% for acid lime and 92% for local mandarin orange varieties. Additionally, our research compared different post-harvest storage methods for mandarin oranges, including room, cellar, and cold chamber. We assessed these methods based on shelf life, physiological weight loss, and the total soluble solids (TSS) to titratable acidity (TA) ratio. The cold chamber proved to be the most effective method, offering superior conditions for storing mandarin oranges. The IoT-based monitoring system played a crucial role in maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and gas content within the cold chamber, resulting in reduced post-harvest losses and extended shelf life. These findings highlight the transformative potential of IoT technology in mandarin orange cultivation and post-harvest storage.

Organoids for Cancer Research: Advances and Challenges.

As 3D culture technology advances, new avenues have opened for the development of physiological human cancer models. These preclinical models provide efficient ways to translate basic cancer research into clinical tumor therapies. Recently, cancer organoids have emerged as a model to dissect the more complex tumor microenvironment. Incorporating cancer organoids into preclinical programs have the potential to increase the success rate of oncology drug development and recapitulate the most efficacious treatment regimens for cancer patients. In this review, four main types of cancer organoids are introduced, their applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects are discussed, as well as the recent application of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in exploring cancer organoids to advance this field.

Operating Scheme of The Combined Unit Implementing The Resource-Saving Technology of Soil Working

The article presents the results of a study of the movement scheme of a combined unit that implements resource-saving technology of soil cultivation. At the same time, the aggregate is loosened in one pass with an interval of 1800 mm between the rows, forming two fertilized rows, and four rows of rows with an interval of 90 cm are formed in the return.

The diffusion path and influencing factors of shrimp farming technology

Aquatic products have played an increasingly important role in residents’ diets, with improved production capacity and living standards in recent years. Accelerating the organic diffusion of aquaculture technology is an effective way to increase production. Taking the example of South American white shrimp aquaculture, this article combines carbon emissions and aquaculture cost benefits. By using data from South American white shrimp aquaculture in Hebei, Shandong, and Jiangsu Province in China from 2016 to 2021, the article innovatively considers aquaculture cycle carbon emissions as non-expected output, constructs a non-expected SBM-DEA super-efficiency model to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of two aquaculture technologies, and analyzes the influencing factors of the diffusion of shrimp culture technology through case studies. The research results show that the comprehensive efficiency of factory-based aquaculture technology is generally better than pond-based aquaculture, but carbon emissions are higher in the factory model. The main factors affecting the diffusion of factory-based technology are policy support, social networks, farmers’ own situations, and technological attributes.

Development of technology for culturing a cell line producing a single-domain antibody fused with the Fc fragment of human IgG1

Objectives. To develop an effective technology for the cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably producing GamP2C5 antibody which is a component I of the GamCoviMab candidate drug for emergency prevention and therapy of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus; to select optimal cultivation parameters and to scale this technology in production.Methods. The study was performed on CHO GamP2C5 (clone 78) cell culture, producing a single-domain antibody fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 GamP2C5. Different culture media and supplements were used. Cells were cultured in Erlenmeyer flasks, Biostat® RM 20 wave-mixed bioreactor, Ambr® 250 mini bioreactors, STR 200 stirred-tank bioreactor.Results. Using molecular-genetic and biotechnological methods, a stable clone producer of CHO GamP2C5 antibody, clone 78, was obtained. Then a technique was worked out for the cultivation of the obtained clone producer on different culture media. The most suitable cultivation regimes, culture media, and optimal supplements were selected. This technology was tested in laboratory conditions in a 10-L reactor, and then successfully scaled up for production at the MedGamal Branch of the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.Conclusions. This study demonstrates the fundamental feasibility of developing and scaling up a culture technology, in order to produce a drug based on a modified single-domain antibody with virus neutralizing activity against different strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Upstream Process Protocol for MSCs Isolated from Different Human-Based Tissue Origins.

This chapter introduces the increasing significance of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) production in regenerative medicine and cellular therapeutics, outlines the growing interest in MSCs for various medical applications, and highlights their potential in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and the advancements in cell culture technologies that have facilitated large-scale MSC production under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ensuring safety and efficacy. This chapter describes an optimized upstream protocol for laboratory-scale MSC production from different tissue sources. This protocol, conducted in flasks, controls critical parameters and lays the foundation for downstream processing to generate ATMPs. This comprehensive approach underscores the potential of MSCs in clinical applications and the importance of tailored production processes.

Modern cell culture technologies: Revolutionizing neuroregeneration in neuropsychiatry

This review highlights the latest developments in current cell culture methods, including three-dimensional culture, organoids, coculture systems, microfluidics, and nanofiber scaffolds to support neuroregeneration in major neuropsychiatric illnesses. Due to the enhanced in vitro modeling of human brain structure and function, these state-of-the-art methods allow for investigations of disease processes and drug screening, and pathophysiological research on neuroregeneration has increased. We examine recent research on the relationship between these technologies and neuropsychiatric conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer’s, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. The advancements present encouraging prospects for augmenting neuroregeneration and could facilitate stem cell-based therapies for neuropsychiatric ailments that were previously untreatable.

Comparative Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Rhizosphere Microbiome Assembly and Functional Adaptation Changes Caused by Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage.

Clubroot is a major disease and severe threat to Chinese cabbage, and it is caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron. This pathogen is an obligate biotrophic protist and can persist in soil in the form of resting spores for more than 18 years, which can easily be transmitted through a number of agents, resulting in significant economic losses to global Chinese cabbage production. Rhizosphere microbiomes play fundamental roles in the occurrence and development of plant diseases. The changes in the rhizosphere microorganisms could reveal the severity of plant diseases and provide the basis for their control. Here, we studied the rhizosphere microbiota after clubroot disease infections with different severities by employing metagenomic sequencing, with the aim of exploring the relationships between plant health, rhizosphere microbial communities, and soil environments; then, we identified potential biomarker microbes of clubroot disease. The results showed that clubroot disease severity significantly affected the microbial community composition and structure of the rhizosphere soil, and microbial functions were also dramatically influenced by it. Four different microbes that had great potential in the biocontrol of clubroot disease were identified from the obtained results; they were the genera Pseudomonas, Gemmatimonas, Sphingomonas, and Nocardioides. Soil pH, organic matter contents, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity were the major environmental factors modulating plant microbiome assembly. In addition, microbial environmental information processing was extremely strengthened when the plant was subjected to pathogen invasion, but weakened when the disease became serious. In particular, oxidative phosphorylation and glycerol-1-phosphatase might have critical functions in enhancing Chinese cabbage's resistance to clubroot disease. This work revealed the interactions and potential mechanisms among Chinese cabbage, soil environmental factors, clubroot disease, and microbial community structure and functions, which may provide a novel foundation for further studies using microbiological or metabolic methods to develop disease-resistant cultivation technologies.

Respons Agronomi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Budi Daya Berkelanjutan

Efforts to maintain rice production in the future face many challenges, including the availability of increasingly narrow land, attacks by plant pest organisms, and declining land fertility due to improper cultivation systems. More than 70% of rice fields are in a disturbed ecological status due to cultivation technology that could be more environmentally friendly, which can interfere with the sustainability of rice self-sufficiency. An environmentally friendly rice cultivation system needs to be developed. This study aims to measure the agronomic and physiological responses of 3 rice genotypes in sustainable cultivation systems. The experiment used a Group Random Design on 3 rice genotypes (black, red, and white) in both conventional and sustainable cultivation systems. The research was carried out in the experimental garden of Polinela Organic Farm, Lampung State Polytechnic, from September 2020 to September 2021. The results showed that the plant, leaf greenery, number of tillers, number of panicles, grain weight per panicle, and biomass weight were not significantly different between conventional and sustainable cultivation. At the same time, the harvest and production indices per hectare were significantly different. The physiological responses to the photosynthesis and transpiration rates differed markedly in conventional and continuous cultivation. In contrast, the conductance of stomata did not differ significantly in both cultivation systems. The red rice genotype is the best, and it has a broader adaptation to conventional and sustainable cultivation systems. Keywords: agronomy, conventional sysem, physiology, rice genotype, sustainable system

The Effect of Different Cultivation Technologies on the Agromeliorative Condition of the Soil and the Crop Yield of Winter Wheat

The Effect of Different Cultivation Technologies on the Agromeliorative Condition of the Soil and the Crop Yield of Winter Wheat

무형문화유산 전시의 인터랙티브 미디어 디자인 적용방법 연구

This study explores design methodologies for interactive media in intangible cultural heritage exhibitions and addresses various issues arising from the rapid development of digital media technologies. The research first analyzes the harmonious characteristics between intangible cultural heritage exhibition design and interactive media technologies, and evaluates the application status of interactive media in various types of intangible cultural heritage exhibitions. The study focuses on three main themes: exploring nonlinear layouts and participation, innovative interactions between digital media and physical mediums, and building comprehensive exhibition platforms. The findings reveal that first, there is a distinct harmony between intangible cultural heritage exhibition design and interactive media technologies; second, the rational use of interactive media technology significantly enhances visitor engagement and experience; and lastly, comprehensive exhibition platforms require continuous adjustment of structure, remediation of flaws, and sustenance of innovation in intangible cultural heritage exhibition design.

The Research of Henan Image Construction from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse Analysis

Night Banquet in Tang Dynasty Palace, as a dance program in the Henan Spring Festival Gala, went virus on the Internet and triggered hot discussion about the integration of Chinese traditional excellent culture and modern Internet technology in different fields after its launching. This program not only innovates the presentation style of traditional culture, but also promote the image of Henan rapidly in some degrees. In addition, the Night Banquet in Tang Dynasty Palace conveys rich information to the audience through using different modes, such as images, music, body movement and facial expression. This paper intends to analyze how different modes connected to convey meanings as well as constructing the image of Henan in the video based on the Visual Grammar Theory in Multimodal Discourse Analysis, which is an useful tool to analyze videos and pictures. After the discussion, the author concludes that Henan is a province with huge amount of cultural resources, open and innovative spirits, and cautious and conscientious images.