Technological Illiteracy Research Articles

Perception, Usability, and Satisfaction with Telemedicine in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Telemedicine has become a global tool for enhancing health care accessibility. However, its widespread adoption is still limited by technological illiteracy, lack of appropriate devices, slow internet services, and privacy concerns. In the Middle East and North Africa, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there is a dearth of telemedicine research. This study aimed to understand the perceptions and satisfaction levels of the UAE population regarding telemedicine. Methods: Between June and September 2023, a cross-sectional study was undertaken, using an online questionnaire distributed among UAE citizens and residents aged 18 years and above. The survey aimed to gauge the perceptions, usability, and satisfaction levels of telemedicine users, alongside identifying barriers hindering its acceptance. Data analysis was performed using Python 3, using Matplotlib v3.3.4 and Pandas v1.2. Results: The data analysis encompassed 1,013 participants, among whom 66.9% (678/1,013) were familiar with telemedicine. From this group, 29.8% (202/678) had previously utilized it. Of these users, 92.3% (186/202) found it to be useful or highly useful, whereas 83.1% (168/202) expressed overall satisfaction with their telemedicine experience. Among those who had not used telemedicine (47%, 476/1,013), the predominant concerns were a preference for in-person health care consultations for better care (77%, 367/476) and uncertainty about the quality of care offered through telemedicine (62%, 296/476). Conclusions: Despite high awareness of telemedicine in the UAE, its actual usage remains limited, highlighting the necessity for increased promotional efforts. Nevertheless, positive feedback suggests considerable potential for broad adoption. Future studies should address participants' concerns to enhance telemedicine utilization in the region.

Investigating the Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Illiteracy Levels on the Academic Performance of First-Year Students: A Case of Emmanuel University

Investigating the Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Illiteracy Levels on the Academic Performance of First-Year Students: A Case of Emmanuel University

Pengembangan Modul Pelatihan Bagi Orang Tua Dalam Pendampingan Belajar Siswa Dari Rumah Pascapandemi Covid-19

This study aims to describe the role of parents in accompanying students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic at SMP Negeri 13 Ambon and SMP Negeri 20 Ambon. It explores the challenges, disadvantages, and strengths of parental involvement in home-based learning during and after the pandemic, and presents a training module for parents to assist students learning post-pandemic. This research employs a research and development (RnD) approach with a qualitative descriptive method, focusing on product creation. Data were collected through document studies, observations, and in-depth interviews, and validated using source and technique triangulation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman Model. The findings are: During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents at SMP Negeri 13 Ambon and SMP Negeri 20 Ambon provided some assistance for home-based learning, but it was not fully effective due to varying conditions and parents' limited understanding of the online learning process, compounded by some parents' technological illiteracy. Post-pandemic, parental assistance returned to normal, with some parents struggling to motivate their children, who preferred in-person learning and social interactions at school. The primary obstacles faced by parents included poor internet connectivity, high data costs, and frequent power outages, while the strengths included increased attention, encouragement, guidance, and direct control over children's learning at home. A training module for parents was developed, comprising a module book with guides for learning activities that can be implemented by teachers, parents, and students.

Ethical Concerns in Accessing Healthcare Information from Social Media by Patients with Terminal Diseases in Kenya: Opportunities and Challenges

Purpose: This paper investigated the ethical concerns in in accessing healthcare information from social media by patients with terminal diseases, opportunities and challenges: Kenyan experience.
 Methodology: It had 3 objectives to: a) determine ethical concerns in accessing healthcare information from social media; b) evaluate the opportunities patients with terminal diseases have in accessing healthcare information from the social media; c) investigate the challenges patients with terminal diseases have when accessing healthcare information from the social media. The study was desk review; that involved identifying and scanning relevant literature, analysis of the secondary data; creation a reference list and organization of the documents.
 Findings: The study findings were: all the articles 100% confirmed core ethical issues in accessing healthcare information: patients’ anonymity, confidentiality, privacy, physicians’ professionalism, and data protection; 98% agreed on imperative response by physicians to patient concerns. Social media presents opportunities to patients: 51% access, and shared (50%) healthcare information; 44% made decisions; 46% were empowered and their capacity build; 51% accessed experts advise; 48% joined social support-groups. There were challenges in accessing healthcare information: 50% accessing misinformation; 36% technological illiteracy, 48% personal data security.
 Unique Contribution to Theory Policy and Practice: The study concluded that social media presents enables accessing and sharing of healthcare information. However, for effectiveness ethical concerns like: patients’ confidentiality and privacy, physicians’ professionalism, and protection of patients’ data. Stakeholders need to work together to eliminate the ethical issues and challenges faced by patients using social media as a source of healthcare information.

Women’s Entrepreneurial Competencies and Economic Development: A Review of Literature

The success or failure of entrepreneurs has so much to do with the economic development, growth or lack of it in any nation. As a review paper, relevant scholarly views were put to the rigorous test of thoughts and comparisons. The key observations and extrapolations revealed that women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to Nigerian economic development through wealth creation, poverty eradication, employment generation, and basic family support, among others. Several challenges were also observed as delimiting the potential of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, especially the issues of gender inequality, lack of access to finance, inability to gain stakeholders' confidence, technological illiteracy and decrepit infrastructure, among others. The paper concluded that entrepreneurship remains the shortest road to economic liberation for any nation and efforts must be put in place to develop and harness its tenets for the benefit of all, male and female alike. Drawing from the avalanche of reviews, we, therefore, recommend that: 
 
 Government should create more enablers for women entrepreneurs, ranging from training, improved financing, favourable policies and direct supervisory support, 
 Women entrepreneurs should personally upscale their basic business management skills, increase their self-efficacy and boldly take opportunities like their male counterparts or even more.

Characterizing the challenges as correlates of senior high students’ profile in the new normal setting

In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, a direct shift from face-to-face classes to online learning causes various challenges for students. This article aimed to assess the different challenges of students that they are experiencing during the pandemic and correlates them with their profile. Cross-sectional and primary data from 190 random samples of senior high students were gathered at Visayas State University-Senior High School, Leyte, Philippines. The data concerning students' profiles and challenges were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, percentages, and graphs, and Chi-square tests were employed to determine a uniform distribution and association among variables. The results showed that students are "rarely" challenged with a lack of usable gadgets and technology illiteracy. Students are “sometimes” challenged with poor internet connectivity, lack of a conducive place, and poor cognitive thinking. And “often” challenged with extraneous distractions, social expectations, and poor health. The Chi-square revealed that poor health is associated with the student's grade level, gender, and household size. Moreover, the family monthly income of students is correlated to poor internet connectivity, lack of a conducive place, technology illiteracy, and poor health. Plus, gender is significantly related to social expectations. Conclusively, students' poor mental and physical health must be addressed by the teachers by giving them lively, doable, and interesting activities. Teachers also must provide printed modules and tasks so that students may not spend more on gadgets and the internet. Furthermore, teachers must undergo some training in online learning to remedy the challenges, poor health, and well-being of students while learning online.

Social media use of adolescents who died by suicide: lessons from a psychological autopsy study

Backgroundwhile there are many benefits for young people to use social media, adverse effects such as cyberbullying, online challenges, social comparison and imitation may provoke and aggravate suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The influence of social media on mental health and suicidal thoughts and behaviours has been amply studied, but there is little empirical evidence for its potential role in adolescent suicides. The current study aimed to inform digital suicide prevention strategies by examining the meaning of social media in the lives of young suicide victims and elucidating the harmful and supportive effects of social media use on their wellbeing and distress.Methodsdata were analyzed from a psychological autopsy study of 35 adolescents who died by suicide in the Netherlands (43% of all adolescents who died by suicide in that year). These were 18 girls and 17 boys. All were under the age of twenty years, with an average of seventeen years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was performed of 55 semi structured interviews with peers and parents of the decedents.Resultsyoung people benefitted from peer support and recovery stories. However, various themes were discussed relating to the harmful effects of social media, including dependency, triggers and imitation, challenges, cybervictimization and psychological entrapment. The themes of dependency and triggers and imitation were more salient in young females. A group of girls cultivated an online identity around their suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Next-of-kin, particularly parents, faced various challenges to talk to the adolescents about social media use, including technological illiteracy, online anonymity, and the youths’ closedness.Conclusionsbased on the findings, we recommend education to stimulate the digital literacy of parents, health workers and educators, supporting conscientious social media use in young people, and extending the prevention of cyberbullying. We encourage future research to examine how virtual social networks may sustain suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and to further investigate the effectiveness of digital interventions, like moderated peer support and the use of positive role models.

Parent-pre-school teacher relations during the COVID-19 pandemic ‒ Promoters and undermining factors

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled teachers to grapple with the challenge of distance learning and remote communication with pre-school children and their parents. This study examines how student-teachers perceived their and the teacher’s relations with the pre-school children and parents during the first lockdown. The study is based on a mixed-method, quantitative and qualitative, research design among ten third-year student-teachers in Israel. 56% reported that relations with parents during the first lockdown were strengthened, which they attributed to several factors (e.g., parental desire to establish a routine and maintain the child’s connection with their friends and teacher, and a desire to advance their children). Other factors were perceived to undermine parent-teacher relations (e.g., number of siblings, busy parents, economic and emotional stress, technological illiteracy). The study underscores the importance of a holistic and ecologic approach to relations among early childhood education teachers, student-teachers, parents, and children, and the critical need for partnership and transparency between the pre-school teacher and student-teacher.

La automatización laboral: una perspectiva fenomenológica e histórica

Throughout the history of humanity, technique, science and technology have played a fundamental role, not only because of the benefits that their development has brought with it —either because individuals can see them for themselves, or because the externality which they make up has forced them to be seen that way— but also because of their effects, direct and indirect, or simply because such advances cannot even be accessed, because they are not for everyone. The automation of the operational workforce is one of these scientific-technological advances that have taken the essence of technology to a new level, technifying life, social interactions and the functions performed by humans. The end is to dispense with humanity, where everything and everyone is replaceable, where the care of the other is not conceived. Consumption, increased productivity and the attainment of wealth for a few are promoted. Its consequences are the increase in poverty, the widening of the wealth gap and technological illiteracy, among other detrimental effects. This writing analyzes the automation of employment, the external factors that have influenced technological progress and the aspect that few recognize about automation: the displacement of the human being at the hands of technology, its already evident consequences, and the possible future.

Developing E-learning Systems in Arabic Universities in light of Some Contemporary Experiences

Aim of the study was determined in developing e-learning systems in Arabic universities in light of some contemporary experiences. The study followed the descriptive approach, i.e. survey and analytic methods. Content analysis method was used. Population and sample of the study consisted of (24) elements of literature and information resources. After analyzing the collected data, the study concluded with the following results. There are several challenges encountering Arabic universities regarding application of e-learning. Some of those challenges are: poor technological institutional capacity of universities, lack of planning and strategic vision, spread of technological illiteracy, low implementation of modern technologies in teaching and research, in university administration, shortage of funding, poor technological skills among university stuff. The study presented five Arabic and regional experiences in e-learning. These experiences are from Iraq, Jordon, Oman Sultanate, Malaysia, and Qatar. These experiences were explored in terms of proactive procedures, then procedures during implementation, and experience evaluation. The study concluded with determining several requirements of development of e-learning systems in Arabic universities, which were categorized into six categories. In light of results, some relevant-to-study-topic recommendations and suggestions were offered.

Prevalence of the risk of depression and worry in pregnant women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Antioquia, Colombia, 2020-2021

RESUMENObjetivos: Describir la prevalencia de los síntomas de depresión y las preocupaciones que afectaron a las gestantes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, se incluyeron mujeres gestantes, con acceso a un medio tecnológico (celular, computador o tableta) y conectividad a internet, residentes en Antioquia, Colombia. Se excluyeron mujeres con analfabetismo literario y tecnológico. Se encuestaron, en línea, las condiciones sociodemográficas y clínicas basales y las principales preocupaciones generadas por la pandemia, además se aplicó la Escala de Depresión de Edimburgo (EPDS) para medir el riesgo de depresión. Se usó el software Jamovi para el procesamiento y análisis estadístico.Resultados: Se encuestaron 345 mujeres gestantes de 15 a 44 años, se identificó una prevalencia de riesgo de depresión en 30,4 % de las mujeres encuestadas. Se identificó violencia intrafamiliar en el 4,9 % y ausencia de red de apoyo en el 8,4 %. Se encontraron como mayores preocupaciones temor a ser separadas del bebé el día del parto, la posibilidad de no tener acompañante durante el parto, y temor al contagio por los efectos en el bebé in útero o en el recién nacido.Conclusiones: Los síntomas de depresión han sido frecuentes en las mujeres gestantes durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Es importante averiguar por factores de estrés y síntomas de depresión en el control prenatal, el parto y el postparto. Se requieren nuevos estudios locales que evalúen otros trastornos de salud mental que se hayan podido incrementar durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

Innovations and Implementation of Telemedicine in Surgical Clinics Beyond COVID-19: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Telemedicine has emerged as a powerful tool in the delivery of health care to surgical patients and innovations are developing to address challenges in the technology, enhancing consumer-provider encounters while located remotely. Our study aims at collating and commenting on the published evidence for how current challenges in telemedicine for surgical clinics are met by innovations currently in development. We also comment on the implementation and monitoring strategies for telemedicine. Methods: Databases searched included: PubMed, OVID Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and review of reference lists. Key words used were "telemedicine"; "telehealth"; "videoconference"; "outpatient"; and "surgical clinic." For inclusion, articles required to be in English, published between 2000 and 2021, were in an outpatient surgical setting, and if they had a focus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Three hundred forty-five articles were identified and screened, so that 73 articles were included in the review. Almost all articles were from Western countries (n = 69), mostly in surgical journals (n = 39) and from a range of sub-specialties, but pre-dominantly orthopedics (n = 12) and general surgery (n = 9). The majority were original comparative studies, with 31 studies directly comparing telemedicine with in-person appointments and 22 articles focused on implementation during COVID-19. Discussion/Conclusion: Advanced telecommunication technology has enabled telemedicine to become an effective and safe form of health care delivery, with high consumer and provider satisfaction. Innovative protocol and technology developments have addressed the limitations of telemedicine. Sophisticated and familiar medical software integrates with electronic medical records to automate and streamline documentation, consent, and billing processes. Surgical clinics are investing in telehealth workflow co-ordination and information technology support to troubleshoot any technical difficulties as well as education for providers and consumers to address technology illiteracy. As health care services continue to transition their systems to an online network, further research is required to understand the ability and assess the feasibility of telemedicine to fully integrate.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) : Analyzing Performance Using Financial Inclusion Indicators

PMJDY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana), one of India’s most popular financial inclusion programs, was touted as a potential game-changer that could transform decades of dreams of attaining complete financial inclusion into a reality. This article tried to verify these claims and closely examined the various financial inclusion indicators which should have changed after the introduction of this program. It was inferred that despite several flaws in its implementation, PMJDY generated a tremendous number of bank accounts for those who had none. The study found that, remarkably, females own more than half of the accounts. However, account usage among females is low due to fewer employment opportunities. Women empowerment and raising entrepreneurial spirit are some solutions to allow women to save money in the formal banking system. It has become feasible to make direct cash transfers to vulnerable people’s PMJDY accounts whenever necessary. Increased access to financial products can lift many people out of perpetual poverty. It is too early, however, to comment on the reduction of poverty and inequality in India due to PMJDY. PMJDY has not affected the C-D Ratio; an increase in profitable credit deployment is imperative for increasing bank profits. Another caveat is the low awareness and widespread financial and technological illiteracy preventing full-fledged access to the program’s benefits. Learning from the financial programs of other LMICs, the periodic assessment of PMJDY, and solving implementation problems are necessary for the program’s long-term sustainability.

THE CHALLENGES FACED BY EFL TEACHERS IN IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL LITERACY PROGRAM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

School Literacy Program is expected to be able to develop students' interest in reading. However, in practice, schools can still not achieve these goals indicated by the existence of challenges in its implementation. Thus, this study aimed at describing the challenges faced by EFL teachers in implementing school literacy programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducting a descriptive qualitative study, four EFL junior high school teachers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The results of the study show that the EFL teachers were challenged by four factors in implementing the school literacy program during COVID-19, namely, 1) students' interest in reading, 2) the technical challenges, 3) the teacher's lack of understanding about the school literacy program, 4) time management. These four factors were considered some of the challenges, such as students read in order to fulfil the obligation to fill out daily journals, not because of their own desires, technological illiteracy, and inadequate source of online reading. Therefore, the practitioners of school activities can respond and take thoughtful actions regarding the problems they face in implementing the school literacy program.

A Model to Manifest the Inadequacy of Awareness in Cyberbullying Among the Adolescents and to Accent Its Dire Need

Cyberbullying can be technologically expressed as the use of electronic communication to bully or threaten a person. It was identified that this has become a social debacle. Hence the research study was directed to identify the exact mean of cyberbullying, the reasons that lead to this cause, and how to prevent the victims getting exposed to this social dilemma. In Sri Lanka this subject was not majorly focused as a social issue, therefore the study was focused on the adolescents within the Sri Lankan context, as they are the major group of active users in social media. To identify the specific factors, previous research articles written by academicians were adopted throughout the study. The objective was to introduce a model that can be introduced as a mode of bringing awareness on the misuse of social media among adolescents. This study was based on qualitative techniques. Secondary and primary data were analysed through grounded theory and thematic analysis. The primary sources included an open-ended questionnaire and an in-depth interview while the secondary sources include the reviews of past literature. The Interviews conducted with Sri Lanka Computer emergency Readiness Team supported upon many findings of the study. With results gained from the interviews, it was clear that many adolescents were exposed to cyberbullying but somehow, they were unaware of the situations that they were exposed. As per the findings, a model was built that can be adopted to eliminate the malpractice amongst the social media users with proper awareness on the concept of cyberbullying. The level of awareness required in terms of Sri Lankan legal framework, the psychological instability residing among the minds of adolescents, and the technological illiteracy rate amongst the social media users are based for the identified model as the base of root causes in the study. Keywords: Cyberbullying, Adolescents, Electronic Communication, Technological Illiteracy, Legal Framework, Psychology

Demystifying Problems and Opportunities of the Persianophone Physical Education Ph.D. Academic Writers in Writing English Research Article Abstracts for International Journal Publication

Writing effective and persuasive manuscripts for submission to the high-indexed Iranian and international English-medium journals for the purpose of publication deserves having to-the-point knowledge and proficiency, which the Non-Native English writers of the non-English speaking countries seem to be lacking. Therefore, researchers need to identify problems and challenges that the group of writers encounter in the field of English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP). Therefore, this study aims to identify the ERPP needs of the Physical Education Ph.D. students and writers. Hence, interviews were conducted with a group of Physical Education content experts and Ph.D. students to identify the writers’ problems and challenges. The interviews were tape recorded as the participants had already been informed of the recordings and research aim. The tape recordings were then transcribed and analyzed in the thematic analysis and the grounded theory methods. The data analysis came up with four major themes (gained in the selective coding stage), 20 sub-themes (gained in the axial coding stage) and 83 themes (gained in the initial/open coding stage). The four major themes were `problem with language,’ `problem with content,’ `problem with journals,’ and `the demotivating factors.’ The fourth major theme, i.e., `the demotivating factors’, consisted of the sub-heading the technological illiteracy problem, which should be regarded as the novelty feature of this paper. The research is useful for material designers and instructors of the English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) and others to offer tailor-made education to the tertiary level Physical Education students.

Exploring and explaining older consumers' behaviour in the boom of social media

AbstractThe growing number of ageing consumers and their increasingly active engagement in social media platforms present a great opportunity for digital marketing to the grey market. However, the potential of this segment has been underrated by both marketers and marketing scholars. The empirical belief of senior consumers' technological illiteracy somewhat discourages industrial and academic approaches to seeking the answer to some critical questions such as what older consumers think about social media‐based advertising, influencers, or peer communications. Thus, this study aims to explore and explain older consumers' social media‐related behaviour through (a) delving into motives behind their frequently used social media site(s), (b) investigating older consumers' purchase behaviour aspects (i.e., determinant(s) to purchase decisions, favoured shopping modes), (c) discovering what senior consumers think about social media‐based advertising, influencers, and peer communications, and (d) evaluating the impact of social media on older consumers' purchase behaviour. Five key themes emerging from the adopted qualitative approach are (1) Facebook predominance, (2) Scepticism, (3) Price sensitivity, (4) Asymmetric social influences, and (5) Favoured physical store shopping. Each finding is demonstrated in a detailed causal explanation. Academic contributions and implications for social media marketers are highlighted and discussed.

Willingness and barriers to utilizing e-therapy services: A Nigerian general population qualitative study

ABSTRACT We explored the willingness and barriers to utilizing e-therapy services in Nigeria where the prevalence of mental illness is high. A qualitative open-ended study was conducted with a heterogeneous sample of 100 Nigerians with an age range of 18–52 years. Participants were members of the general Nigerian population, recruited from social media. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eighty-eight participants were willing to utilize e-therapy services in Nigeria. Their willingness was driven by factors such as their experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, “perceived comfort in pouring out one’s heart to a therapist that is guaranteed in e-therapy,” and curiosity to explore what e-therapy entails. On the other hand, nine participants were unwilling, and their unwillingness was mostly driven by the perception that the Nigerian environment was disenabling for e-therapy (for instance, poor electricity supply in Nigeria). While three participants were neutral about their willingness. Twelve barriers to utilizing e-therapy services in Nigeria were identified, they were; “poor internet service”, “high internet service charge”, “limited communication”, “lack of trust in the efficacy of e-therapy services”, “preference for face-to-face therapy”, “concerns about confidentiality”, “anticipated stigmatization”, “technological illiteracy”, “ignorance of existing e-therapy services in Nigeria”, “absence of e-therapy services in Nigeria”, “uncertainty about what to expect from e-therapy service”, and “perceived distraction during e-therapy session.” While our findings contribute to strengthening the utility of e-therapy services in Nigeria, future studies should replicate the current study with the digitally excluded Nigerian general population.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education Sector in Yemen and Response Requirements

This study aimed at identifying the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education sector in Yemen and the requirements of fighting the consequences. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive content analysis method. The population and sample of the study were (46) items selected from the literature. Major findings revealed consequences of Covid-19 included suspension of university study, death of some university staff, spread of fear and anxiety among academic community, administrative staff and students, inability of Yemeni universities to use an alternative e-learning system (due to the lack of institutional technology), lack of e-learning material, bad internet services and the spread of technological illiteracy among most of teaching staff and students. In light of these findings, the study is concluded with a set of recommendations as follows: the creation of a unified body under the supervision of the two parties in Sana'a and Aden to manage Covid-19 crisis; strengthening awareness of protection; supporting medical services; providing the staff of the Ministry of Higher Education with health insurance; building technological capacity of universities to overcome technology illiteracy; and developing e-learning.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education Sector in Yemen and Response Requirements

This study aimed at identifying the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education sector in Yemen and the requirements of fighting the consequences. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive content analysis method. The population and sample of the study were (46) items selected from the literature. Major findings revealed consequences of Covid-19 included suspension of university study, death of some university staff, spread of fear and anxiety among academic community, administrative staff and students, inability of Yemeni universities to use an alternative e-learning system (due to the lack of institutional technology), lack of e-learning material, bad internet services and the spread of technological illiteracy among most of teaching staff and students. In light of these findings, the study is concluded with a set of recommendations as follows: the creation of a unified body under the supervision of the two parties in Sana'a and Aden to manage Covid-19 crisis; strengthening awareness of protection; supporting medical services; providing the staff of the Ministry of Higher Education with health insurance; building technological capacity of universities to overcome technology illiteracy; and developing e-learning.