Power Transmission Technology Research Articles

Wireless Flexible Actuator Photoelectric Synergistically Driven for Environment Adaptability Crawling Robots.

Wirelessly driven flexible actuators are crucial to the development of flexible robotic crawling. However, great challenges still remain for the crawling of flexible actuators in complex environments. Herein, we reported a wireless flexible actuator synergistically driven by wireless power transmission (WPT) technology and near-infrared (NIR) light, which consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-graphene oxide (PDMS-GO) composite layer, eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn), a PDMS layer, and a polyimide (PI) layer. By optimizing the parameters of EGaIn and the concentration of the PDMS-GO composite film, the actuator has excellent bending ability and blocking force under different conditions driven by photoelectronic synergy. In addition, we fabricated a flexible crawling robot with high environmental adaptability by adding crawling structures at both ends of the actuator, which causes a discrepancy in friction between the front and rear feet. The flexible crawling robot has high stability, large deformation, and excellent crawling ability for wirelessly crawling on a plane, slope, and plane with different roughnesses. This work provides an idea for the application of wireless robots in complex environments.

Analysis and Applications of Magnetically Coupled Resonant Circuits

Magnetically coupled resonant circuits have been utilized in radio engineering for many years. Recently, these circuits have found new applications, particularly in supplying low- and medium-power devices through medium-range wireless power transmission technology based on magnetic resonance coupling. There is also a growing need to analyze magnetically coupled resonant circuits in the design of metamaterials, which exhibit specific electromagnetic properties within certain frequency bands. This paper provides a coherent and concise overview of the phenomena associated with magnetically coupled resonant circuits. The results encompass numerous established relations as well as new ones. They can be helpful in the design phase of magnetically coupled resonant circuits. The outcomes include equations for determining the coupling resonant frequencies and some parameters of resonance curves. These analytical results are accompanied by 3D and cross-sectional (contour) graphs for better visualization. Moreover, a lumped-element circuit model that includes magnetically coupled resonant circuits is proposed for the resonators used in metamaterials. Formulas for resonant frequencies are derived in the specific case of exciting such resonators. To validate the accuracy of the derived equations, the analytical results are compared with simulations from SPICE (IsSPICE4 ver. 8.1) and COMSOL 5.4 software, which are widely used tools for circuit analysis and electromagnetic simulations. The results of these comparative analyses indicate that the assumptions employed in the analytical solutions introduce only tiny errors.

Systematic analysis of wireless energy transmission methods

Wireless energy transfer technology is a new type of power transmission technology that utilizes electric and magnetic fields as mediums. In contemporary society, there are three main methods of wireless energy transfer: magnetic coupling resonance, microwave radiation, and electromagnetic induction. Each of these methods has its unique advantages and limitations, leading to different application scenarios in practical life. This article provides a detailed introduction to the basic structure and principles of magnetic coupling resonance, microwave radiation, and electromagnetic induction wireless energy transfer. Through comparative analysis of the characteristics of these three transmission methods, it explores their specific applications in various industries and life domains. Additionally, the article examines the challenges faced by today's wireless energy transfer technology, such as transmission efficiency, safety, cost, standardization, and technical difficulties. Finally, the article envisions the future development of wireless energy transfer technology, suggesting that as the technology continues to progress and improve, it will see broader application, bringing more convenience to people's lives and promoting integration with other fields to form more efficient and sustainable solutions.

Space-based solar power: Unlocking continuous, renewable energy through wireless transmission from space

Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP) is an emerging technology that aims to harness the abundant and uninterrupted solar energy available in space and beam it wirelessly to Earth. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of terrestrial solar energy, such as weather variability and the day-night cycle, by positioning solar power stations in space where sunlight is constant. The stations, composed of large arrays of solar panels, capture the solar energy and convert it into microwaves or laser beams, which are then transmitted to receiving stations on Earth for conversion into usable electricity. Research in SBSP focuses on optimal orbital positions, with geostationary and low Earth orbits being considered for maximum energy capture and efficient transmission. Advancements in materials, wireless power transmission technologies, and space-based assembly techniques are critical to the design and deployment of these stations. Additionally, economic and technical feasibility studies explore the challenges of launching, maintaining, and scaling SBSP systems. These include high initial costs, energy transmission efficiency, safety concerns, and the logistics of long-term maintenance. The potential benefits of SBSP are significant. It offers a clean, renewable energy source that could meet the growing global demand for electricity while reducing reliance on fossil fuels. By providing continuous energy, SBSP could enhance energy security and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change. However, several challenges remain, including addressing space debris risks and ensuring the safety of high-power energy transmission to Earth. As research and technological advancements continue, SBSP holds promise as a transformative solution for future energy needs.

Design of α–alumina integrated ultrasound transducer for wireless power transmission system

Traditional ultrasound wireless power transmission (UWPT) technology often faces challenges such as low power transmission efficiency and safety concerns. This paper proposes a highly reliable α–alumina integrated ultrasound transducer–based ultrasound wireless power transmission (IUT–UWPT) system designed for metallic medium. The proposed system is capable of powering and communicating with embedded sensors inside metal–sealed tanks. An acoustic wave transmission model for the IUT–UWPT system is developed based on acoustic theory to optimize the thickness of the matching layer and bonding layers between piezoelectric ceramics and metallic medium. The effect of the α–alumina integrated ultrasound transducer on the input–output characteristics of the system is analyzed using the mason equivalent circuit method considering acoustic attenuation and finite element simulation. Experimental results show that, compared to traditional UWPT systems without α–alumina integrated ultrasound transducer, the IUT–UWPT system exhibits a broader frequency response range from 0.8 MHz to 1.2 MHz and achieves a 13.19 % increase in maximum output power. Notably, the insulating properties of the α–alumina integrated ultrasound transducer prevent electrical generation on the surface of the metal–sealed tank. This system is well–suited for health monitoring in storage facilities such as gas pipelines, liquid nitrogen tanks and nuclear waste containers.

Research on Wireless Power Transmission Technology for Underground Deformation 3-D Measurement Device

Research on Wireless Power Transmission Technology for Underground Deformation 3-D Measurement Device

Power over fiber development for HEP detectors

Power-over-Fiber (PoF) technology has been used extensively in settings where high voltages require isolation from ground and electromagnetic isolation is critical. In cryogenic environments, PoF offers a reliable power transmission technology, leveraging optical fibers to transfer power with minimal system degradation. PoF technology excels in maintaining low noise levels and isolation when delivering power to sensitive electronic systems operating in extreme temperature ranges and high voltage environments. In a novel application of PoF for a HEP detector, power is provided to photon detector modules located on a surface at ∼300 kV with respect to ground in the planned DUNE experiment. This summary paper of the PoF talk at the 16th PISA Meeting on Advanced Detectors highlights the R&D effort of PoF in extreme conditions and underscores its capacity to revolutionize power delivery and management in critical applications offering a dependable solution with low noise, optimal efficiency, and superior isolation. The DUNE (Abi et al., 2020) experiment will soon deploy large liquid argon (LAr) time projection chambers (TPC) to detect neutrino interactions and other particle physics phenomena. In addition to the particle tracking provided by the TPC, photon detectors, powered by a first ever PoF system, in the cryostat will leverage the high scintillation light yield of LAr to provide crucial timing and additional calorimetric information.

Key technologies and applications of collaboration between digital power grid and Internet of Things

AbstractThe integration of electricity technology and information technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), enables the construction of new power systems, along with the innovation of application scenarios and business scope. The key technologies of power IoT and the data flow process are summarised first. The IoT technology and application scenario requirements of power generation, transmission, loading, and storage of new power systems are studied. Thus, the nature of the collaborative development of the digital power grid and the IoT is demonstrated from the perspective of data processing in power IoT and application requirements in power systems. The key problems and solutions faced by the power IoT under the digital transformation are described, and the cross‐integration of key technologies and promotion of application scenario innovation are prospected. Finally, the key issues of future technological development were discussed, providing reference ideas for fully leveraging the value of energy and electricity data production factors and promoting the construction of a digital electricity ecosystem.

Research on PV array reconstruction and Full-cycle maximum power point tracking technology of space solar power station

Space solar power station is an energy system that converts solar energy into electrical energy in the space environment and then transmits it to the space platform or ground using wireless power transmission technology. To improve the power generation and system efficiency of the space solar power station, an adaptive and reconfigurable photovoltaic array with multi-configuration is proposed, which can avoid large attenuation of the output power and efficiency of the photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic modules have a fault occurs or the receive different irradiation intensity. Then, according to the orbit area and light condition of the space solar power station, the operation mode are divided in detail. Furthermore, a novel full-cycle and multi-mode GMPPT (maximum power point tracking) strategy is proposed. Compared to the single mode MPPT, the control strategy has shorter response time, faster convergence and higher tracking accuracy. Through the above research, the output power and photoelectric conversion efficiency of space solar power station can be significantly improved.

무선전력전송기술을 적용한 차세대 제품디자인 연구 - 캠핑용 인덕션 버너를 중심으로

The research background was to present a new breakthrough in the current difficult situation in many ways due to the COVID-19 crisis, the war between Ukraine and Russia and the economic downturn. The research method was to present a new concept to the general public as well as companies based on the theoretical and technical foundation through various case studies and statistics and a study on the use of eco-friendly energy through convergence with the new and renewable energy field was also conducted. By receiving and using new and renewable energy such as solar power and hydro power rather than the existing energy supply method it will be able to reduce the risk of fire, flexibly cope with carbon emission regulations, which are one of the causes of environmental pollution and develop safer more efficient and more convenient products and designs than existing products with wireless power transmission technology, it will be an opportunity to inspire designers in the future.

Benefit evaluation of HVAC and HVDC for offshore wind power transmission system under the multidimensional index

With the development of offshore wind power transmission technology and the emergence of new dimensions in deep-sea wind power scenarios, some indexes in the existing evaluation system cannot meet the comprehensive benefit evaluation of multiple offshore wind power transmission schemes in new operating scenarios, making the identification of the optimal economic distance of different schemes vague. Therefore, this paper integrates multiple parameters into the total life cycle cost and levelized cost of energy indexes for traditional and new transmission schemes in deep-sea scenarios, considers power generation income, environmental and carbon index, and proposes a multidimensional evaluation method for offshore wind power transmission systems, and analyzes the sensitivity of the constructed indicators. Then, using actual geographic information data, the established parameter fusion multidimensional evaluation method is used to analyze the technical and economic ranges of four offshore transmission schemes. The results show that the optimal economic critical interval of active commutation type high voltage direct current transmission system (CSC) is 98 km, which is about 23 % higher than that of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC). Therefore, CSC is more suitable for deep offshore wind power transmission than VSC and has better comprehensive technical and economic performance.

AI Research for Power Grid Transmission and Environmental Energy Saving Using Fuzzy Evaluation

Given the increasing adverse impacts of climate change on ecosystems, the power sector needs to improve rapidly. One solution is to utilize efficient resources for energy production and processing. In terms of resource efficiency, although AI has not yet been fully utilized, AI-6G can play a key role in developing environmentally friendly and efficient energy saving systems that support a more environmentally friendly environment. This paper focuses on the utilization of 6G technology for power transmission, environmental protection and energy saving projects. The advantage of 6G technology is the faster communication between devices within the network. Fuzzy Integrated Assessment (FIA) is an effective assessment methodology applicable to power transmission, grids, retrofitting processes, eco-security and energy efficiency measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of these programs. This paper focuses on sustainable energy production by integrating AI-6G with emphasis on maintenance, production planning, fault detection and incorporating green AI.

Enhanced pilot protection scheme for half-wavelength transmission line based on the conservation of traveling wave energy

The half-wavelength transmission system is a viable technology for long-distance and large-capacity power transmission. It can safely and efficiently transmit a large amount of clean energy to remote load centers. However, the traditional traveling wave protection methods have reliability and speed limitations for HWTL lines. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel and robust pilot protection scheme based on the conservation of traveling wave energy at the protection installation. The proposed scheme uses the constant equation relationship between fault-traveling waves, reflected waves and refracted waves at the measurement end to significantly improve the reliability and effectiveness of the protection mechanism. The blocking protection operation logic constructed by the inequality directional element is used to improve the rapidity of the pilot protection scheme. The theoretical analysis and real-time digital simulator (RTDS) digital-analog hybrid test demonstrate that the action equation of the proposed protection scheme is explicit to the operating value. The novel scheme exhibits enhanced resilience against high transition resistance and the impact of impulse corona while ensuring both reliability and rapidity.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A unique electro-contact-free sensing for illegal drug methamphetamine determination by electrochemiluminescence based on wireless power transmission technology

The wireless power transfer (WPT) technique is a unique safe electric power supply system. In this study, we designed a simple analytical system that combines electrochemiluminescence (ECL) measurement with WPT for illegal stimulant methamphetamine (MA) detection. The WPT-ECL system, which consists of a commercially available inexpensive driving coil and a commonly available enameled wire, was used to screen MA with an easy procedure. The prototype WPT-ECL measurement system observed a clear ECL response by incorporating an inexpensive rectifying diode, and MA was determined in the range to 500 μM with the detection limit of ca. 15 μM (S/N =3). The MA detection protocol under WPT-ECL measurement was characterized; it was expected to be a simple and cost-effective analytical technique without complex circuitry, such as full-wave rectification. The proposed WPT-ECL system was applied to an actual urine sample. MA addition and recovery experiments on three volunteer urine samples showed good reproducibility with an RSD of less than 6 %, resulting in good agreement with the LC-MS results. The WPT-ECL system was expected to enable non-specialist investigators to simple detection procedures of MA, with the aim of practical application to forensic toxicology analytical scenes.

Energy injection adaptive technology for wireless power transmission based on parameter identification

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative adaptive strategy implemented in wireless power transmission (WPT) systems to overcome efficiency challenges due to coupling structure misalignment and load variability. A novel versatile transmitter, capable of alternating between single and dual voltage source states via two MOSFETs has been designed. Initially, the system operates in a single voltage source mode, mutual inductance and load characteristics are pinpointed using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the system transitions to dual voltage source mode, where it fine‐tunes the auxiliary voltage source's amplitude and phase based on the determined mutual inductance and load values to realize zero phase angle for optimal impedance matching. The experimental results show that this method can obviously improve the output power of WPT system. This method stands out for its simplicity, adaptability and rapid response, suggesting its potential for practical use in dynamic charging applications.

Self‐lubricating polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6 microcapsule‐based composites

AbstractPolymeric applications with extended service life and low energy loss due to friction are of great interest in conveyor and power transmission technology. Self‐lubricating systems utilizing microcapsules hold significant potential for increasing energy efficiency and extending the operational life of these applications. This study focuses on synthesizing oil‐filled microcapsules through in situ polymerization of polyamide and their incorporation in polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6. Microcapsules with a core made of thermally stable lubricant Food Lube, and particle diameter D90 of 50 μm were synthesized and isolated as a free‐flowing powder via spray‐drying procedure. The resulting powder demonstrated high thermal stability (loss of 5% at 350°C) due to the high thermal stability of both core and shell materials. A compounding process utilizing a twin‐screw extruder was developed to blend microcapsules into thermoplastic matrices. An injection molding machine forms tension rods. The composites' tribological properties are assessed through ball‐on‐disc tests conducted in both oscillation and rotation. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites experience a reduction of 79% and 56% for polyamide 6, as well as 77% and 75% for polyamide 6.6. Mechanical testing of the microcapsule composites reveals a decrease in mechanical properties.

Modelling and analysis of a superconducting magnetic coupler used for cryogenic pump

AbstractIt is difficult to achieve low heat leakage and leak‐free rotary sealing for conventional small‐ and medium‐sized cryogenic liquid pumps (CLPs). This is because the motor in a room‐temperature environment is connected to the pump impeller (in a cryogenic environment) via a long transmission shaft. An axial flux‐concentration superconducting magnetic coupler (AFCSMC) is proposed for CLP to eliminate the transmission shaft. Firstly, the structure and the operation mechanism of AFCSMC are described. Then, a 2D electromagnetic modelling method for AFCSMC is established based on the H‐φ formulation and also validated experimentally in terms of the prediction on the levitation force and the guidance force. Thus, the 2D numerical simulations of AFCSMC are performed in an equivalent static system instead of the actual double rotor motion system in which the moving mesh is quite complicated. It is investigated that dependences of the transmission torque on the key electromagnetic structural parameters, such as permanent magnet arrangement, number of pole‐pairs, ferromagnetic yoke, operating slip, and so on. The results indicate that the average transmitting torque is less affected by the operating slip, and AFCSMC can start asynchronously and operate in steady state with a synchronous speed. With the advantages of low loss, risk‐free of desynchronising, and overload protection, the proposed AFCSMC can provide a competitive candidate for mechanical power transmission technologies in cryogenic engineering.

Camera-Based Safety System for Optical Wireless Power Transmission Using Dynamic Safety-Distance

This paper introduces a new safety approach for Optical Wireless Power Transmission (OWPT), a technology that is integral to the new kinds of Wireless Power Transmission technology (WPT). It starts from the fundamental configuration of the current OWPT system, addressing the safety concerns related to lasers by involving laser irradiation hazards, laser exposure regulation and guidelines, and a comparison with other safety methods. A camera-based OWPT safety system focused on the emission control of the light source is proposed, and it utilizes a depth camera and finely tuned computer vision-based control program. Through meticulous system design and experiments, the proposed system can detect moving objects in a limited indoor environment and control the laser/LED light transmission according to the object’s velocity dynamically. Various functions and exclusive improvements towards OWPT operation are mentioned, and Dynamic Safety-Distance is proposed as the core mechanism of the safety system. Through on-site experiments, indoor safety control and system operation’s evaluation are discussed, acknowledging both the advantages and limitations of the proposed safety system. This paper concludes with suggestions for further developments in camera-based OWPT safety incorporating the concept of Automatic Emission Control.

Optimizing multi-resource-based energy supply chains in developing economies: A periodic review model for affordable and sustainable solutions

Electricity shortages are prevalent in developing countries, further exacerbated by the advocacy of zero-carbon policies to mitigate global climate change. This transition away from fossil fuels poses significant challenges in establishing cost-effective and sustainable energy supply networks. To tackle these challenges, this research assesses the influence of operational efficiencies, advancements in transmission technology, and strategic facility placements on the design of energy supply chains. We prioritize factors such as investment requirements, transmission yield, energy mix, carbon emissions, and social costs. We construct a robust optimization model with stochastic parameters that examines extreme scenarios. Applying this framework to a real-world case in Pakistan spanning a 30-year planning horizon, we present a novel approach that simultaneously diversifies raw material reserves while determining optimal power generation capacity and transmission technologies. Our analysis shows that integrating renewable energy resources and changing transmission methods within the current energy mix can yield an affordable and sustainable energy supply chain, reducing reliance on coal. Consequently, the study case demonstrates substantial reductions in carbon emissions and social costs by 85.68 % and 17.81 %, respectively, in the second and third 10-year planning intervals.

The combination mode of forest and SVM for power network disaster response failure identification

The damage to power transmission and distribution equipment in different regions is inseparable from the erosion of natural and artificial disasters, affecting the power grid's regular power supply and users' typical power consumption. Therefore, research on failure risk prediction technology for power transmission and distribution equipment under different disasters has increasingly become critical to power grid reliability. Based on the combination mode of forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM), this study proposes a disaster response failure prediction model that considers the time cumulative effect of disaster elements. Based on this model, the failure degree indicators of different disaster elements are constructed by analyzing the relationship between disaster frequency and time. Then, the historical disaster data is used to calculate the index and form a training set with the monitoring data. The binary decision graph transformation method is combined with the adjacent node priority method to obtain the minimum cut set, and the SVM regression method is used to train to get the prediction model. The experimental results show that the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through the analysis of numerical examples and comparison of various techniques. The model's accuracy is 8.63 % higher than that of the traditional disaster prediction model, and the error rate of disaster failure prediction analysis is not more than 0.01.