Technology Experts Research Articles

New audiences in art libraries; new skills for professionals?

Art librarians face many changes in the professional relationship with their users. Technological and cultural evolutions lead us to learn new skills to adapt ourselves to these new audiences. But are these changes really so new to librarians? Librarians have always had to embrace new technological expertise for library catalogues, databases and digital libraries. We know that librarianship is a profession where communication is primordial; communication with library users, and also with the general public – there's not much new here vis-à-vis the traditional missions of librarians. Still, librarians must become more competent than ever at conversing with patrons, to better understand their needs and their ways of expressing those needs, particularly their need to interact with our libraries and collections. Diverse examples from French art libraries illustrate how library professionals tend to use new media, technologies, and cultural trends to enable their institutions to disseminate knowledge and contribute to a more open society that can partake freely of the riches and learning history that art libraries have to offer.

The Impact of Digital Marketing on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh

In the rapidly evolving digital era, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies like Bangladesh increasingly adopt digital marketing strategies to enhance their competitive edge and drive business growth. This study explores how digital marketing practices have been integrated into the business models of SMEs in Bangladesh and evaluates their effectiveness in achieving key business objectives such as customer acquisition, brand visibility, and revenue growth. Through a mixed-method research approach, including surveys and case studies, this article comprehensively analyses the adoption patterns, challenges faced, and outcomes experienced by Bangladeshi SMEs using digital marketing tools. The findings reveal that while digital marketing has significantly improved many SMEs’ market reach and sales performance, challenges such as limited technological expertise, budget constraints, and inadequate infrastructure continue to hinder its full potential. The study concludes with practical recommendations for SMEs to optimise their digital marketing efforts and suggests areas for future research to understand further the long-term impact of digital strategies on SME growth in Bangladesh.

Stress Testing Bank Financial Systems: A Technological Perspective

This study investigates the pivotal role of stress testing in maintaining the resilience and stability of banking financial systems, emphasizing the crucial integration of advanced technology. In an era marked by volatile global financial markets, the capability of banks to endure economic shocks is essential. This research highlights how technological advancements are crucial in developing, implementing, and refining stress testing methodologies to effectively navigate the complexities of contemporary financial systems. Through a comprehensive analysis, including a literature review, methodology overview, and case studies, the paper explores the transformative impact of technology, such as advanced analytics, big data, machine learning, and Blockchain, on stress testing frameworks. It delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by technological integration, underscoring the indispensable role of technology planning associates in aligning stress testing practices with cutting-edge innovations. The paper concludes with insights into future directions for stress testing methodologies and technologies, emphasizing the ongoing need for sophisticated, adaptive models and the crucial collaboration between financial institutions, regulatory bodies, and technology experts to enhance the banking sector’s resilience against financial crises.

Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Potential Benefits of ChatGPT in Promoting Teaching and Learning

Since its maiden release into the public domain on November 30, 2022, ChatGPT garnered more than one million subscribers within a week. The generative AI tool ⎼ChatGPT took the world by surprise with it sophisticated capacity to carry out remarkably complex tasks. The extraordinary abilities of ChatGPT to perform complex tasks within the field of education has caused mixed feelings among educators, as this advancement in AI seems to revolutionize existing educational praxis. This is an exploratory study that synthesizes recent extant literature to offer some potential benefits and drawbacks of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Benefits of ChatGPT include but are not limited to promotion of personalized and interactive learning, generating prompts for formative assessment activities that provide ongoing feedback to inform teaching and learning etc. The paper also highlights some inherent limitations in the ChatGPT such as generating wrong information, biases in data training, which may augment existing biases, privacy issues etc. The study offers recommendations on how ChatGPT could be leveraged to maximize teaching and learning. Policy makers, researchers, educators and technology experts could work together and start conversations on how these evolving generative AI tools could be used safely and constructively to improve education and support students’ learning.

농촌 다문화 아동을 위한 인공지능 기반 심리지원 프로그램

As South Korea experiences an increase in international marriages, the proportion of multicultural families, particularly in rural areas, has risen significantly. Despite their prevalence, rural regions face a severe shortage of psychological support programs aimed at aiding social adaptation for these families. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, however, presents new opportunities for delivering psychological support to rural children. This paper aims to examine the various psychological challenges encountered by these children, and to assess the effectiveness of AI-based psychological support programs through extensive literature review. The research methodology centers around a comprehensive literature study, revealing that the psychological issues of rural, multicultural children often arise from language and communication barriers, lack of identity and belonging, experiences of discrimination and bullying, educational challenges, and strained parent-child relationships. While both AI-based and traditional face-to-face psychological support programs have unique benefits, AI interventions may offer more effective solutions for rural, multicultural youth in terms of accessibility, cost, and interaction. Addressing these challenges necessitates an approach that combines an understanding of rural characteristics with technological expertise, underpinned by strong collaboration between government and local communities.

Innovation Adoption of Household-Scale Portable Biodigester to Reduce the Impact of Food Waste in Bangunjiwo Village, Bantul District

Abstract. This community service activity is the implementation of a portable biodigester in Bangunjiwo Village, Bantul Regency. The activity took place from February to March 2023 in Ngentak Hamlet, Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, and involved participants consisting of representatives from the Neighborhood Association (RT) and mosque administrators. The guidance on the use and maintenance education of biodigester was conducted by a team consisting of lecturers from Agribusiness Study Program from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and Creavill Indonesia, who have expertise in biodigester technology. The activity was conducted in several sessions where the participants were provided with an in-depth understanding of the principles and benefits of biodigester and the necessary steps for routine maintenance. In conclusion, the implementation of a portable biodigester in Bangunjiwo Village, Bantul Regency has brought significant benefits in reducing the impact of food waste, generating renewable energy, improving agricultural productivity, protecting the environment, and saving costs. This activity actively involved the participations of the Bangunjiwo Village community, and strengthened awareness of the importance of utilizing environmentally friendly technologies such as biodigester.

Increasing Constitutional Understanding of Young Muhammadiyah Activists through Madrasah Sadar Konstitusi in Yogyakarta

Abstract. This article aims to analyze the level of understanding and awareness of the constitution among young Muhammadiyah activists in Yogyakarta. This study adopted a normative and empirical approach, utilizing a literature review and field research by administering a questionnaire to the respondents. The program employed interactive learning methods, including discussions with constitutional experts and the use of a Chat-Bot application, as well as pre-test and post-test simulations to engage the participants actively. The results show that, firstly, Madrasah Sadar Konstitusi (MASAKO) program can enhance the understanding of the constitution among young activists through the delivery of materials by constitutional law and information technology experts, as well as the use of the ChatBot application. Secondly, the post-test conducted after the educational program provides concrete evidence of the improved understanding of the constitution among young Muhammadiyah activists. Thirdly, through the mapping of understanding, education by experts, and systematic evaluation, this program provides an opportunity for young activists to enhance their understanding of the Constitution. This article contributes to the discourse on constitutional education and emphasizes the importance of involving young people in democratic societies. The MASAKO program serves as a good example for other youth organizations seeking to enhance their understanding of the Constitution among their members. It highlights the significance of empowering young activists with constitutional knowledge to promote democratic values, human rights, and social justice.

Revolutionizing the Developmental Processing of Short-Bodied Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger Brachysoma) Through Advanced Thermal Techniques: Unveiling A Pathway to Unprecedented Quality Enhancement

This study focuses on the thermal processing of short-bodied mackerel fish (Rastrelliger brachysoma) through a bottling method, exploring its quality attributes such as appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. The conceptual framework involves input (materials, tools, and equipment), process (descriptive-quantitative research method with different sample treatments), and output (bottled short-bodied mackerel in three treatments). The study aims to determine the optimal processing time and assess the product's acceptability among food technology students and experts. The input phase details the materials used, including short-bodied mackerel, various ingredients, tools, and equipment. The process involves three treatments with different cooking durations. The output is the bottled short-bodied mackerel, pasteurized for extended shelf life and stable flavor. The study's significance lies in benefiting local fishermen, vendors, consumers, and future researchers. The research objectives include evaluating whether short-bodied mackerel can be effectively processed using thermal application and assessing its acceptability based on aroma, taste, texture, and color. The hypothesis suggests no significant differences in assessment between food experts and technology students. The study's significance extends to supporting local fishermen, vendors, and consumers while providing insights for future research. The methodology encompasses a quantitative research design, utilizing a checklist questionnaire and taste testing with third-year food technology students and experts. The study is conducted at Aurora State College of Technology, with thirty respondents. The experimental design involves three treatments with varying cooking durations, analyzed using ANOVA for statistical significance. Results from each treatment indicate that the processed short-bodied mackerel is generally acceptable, with variations in attributes across treatments. The study contributes valuable insights for the optimal processing of short-bodied mackerel, offering potential benefits to the fisheries industry and culinary preferences.

Artificial Intelligence Based Decision Support System for Education Management in Higher Education

Universities face challenges in improving the effectiveness of lecturer performance evaluation to support education and research development. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers the potential to optimize the evaluation process through automation, big data analysis, and smarter decision-making. This research aims to identify and implement strategies for the implementation of artificial intelligence in lecturer performance evaluation systems in higher education. The main focus is to improve the objectivity, accuracy, and efficiency of the evaluation process, so as to provide more meaningful feedback to lecturers. This research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were obtained through literature studies, interviews with education and technology experts, and analysis of existing lecturer performance evaluation data. An AI system was developed to process and analyze evaluation data by utilizing machine learning algorithms to provide more accurate evaluation recommendations. The result of this research is that implementing artificial intelligence in the lecturer performance evaluation system succeeded in improving the accuracy of the evaluation. The system is able to provide recommendations for lecturer development based on a thorough analysis of their performance. In addition, the time efficiency of the evaluation process was also significantly improved. The conclusion of this study shows that artificial intelligence implementation strategies can be successfully applied in lecturer performance evaluation systems in higher education. With increased objectivity, accuracy, and efficiency, this system makes a positive contribution to human resource management in the academic environment. It also encourages further implementation of AI technology in lecturer performance evaluation to improve the quality of higher education.

Development of Edu-Fertiblox Digital Game Using Roblox as a Teaching Aid for the Fertigation System Topic in the Design and Technology Subject Form 1

A lack of practical facilities frequently causes problems for teachers and students. The Edu-Fertiblox digital game has been developed for the purpose of being a teaching aid (TA) for the topic of Fertigation Systems in Design Technology Subject Form 1. This study aimed to identify the needs of TAs for the topic of fertigation systems, develop the Edu-Fertiblox digital game as a TA, and assess the usability of the digital game. The development of this game is using the ADDIE model as a research design. The digital game was developed using Roblox Studio. After that, Edu-Fertiblox was evaluated for its usability by three informants, consisting of teaching staff who are experts in Design and Technology. The findings showed all the informants agreed that the Edu-Fertiblox digital game can be used as a teaching aid for the Fertigation System topic of Design and Technology Form 1.

The Impact of MoodleCloud on Faculty and Graduate Students’ User-Independence Engagement in a State University in the Philippines

The study explores the impact of using MoodleCloud as a Learning Management System on Learning Engagement, as faculty and graduate students perceive it. The researchers determined the degree of user-independence engagement, focusing on the socio-cognitive factors: personal, behaviour and environment. It also explores MoodleCloud’s impact in the online classroom regarding learnability, user-friendliness and user-satisfaction. Exploring its impact will add to the knowledge about its use and unlock its potential to improve student outcomes in hybrid or online settings. This study employed a correlational research design and used random sampling in choosing the respondents. The total respondents were 398 graduate students and 42 faculty members. Educational technology experts knowledgeable of various learning management systems validated the survey questions. The results revealed that MoodleCloud generally encourages user-independence engagement on socio-cognitive factors: 3.75 for faculty and 3.71 for students in personal factors, a mean of 3.71 for faculty and 3.70 for students in behavioural factors, and a mean of 3.68 for faculty and 3.63 for students in environmental factors based on the respondents’ perception with highly acceptable concluding remarks. The analysed data reveals that users’ level of usability in terms of learnability is 3.63 for faculty and 3.72 for students, while the level of usability in terms of user-friendliness is 3.56 for faculty and 3.50 for students. The level of usability in terms of user-satisfaction is 3.68 for faculty and 3.74 for students. The respondents show good attitudes regarding personalising their educational experiences, maintaining motivation and interacting with the platform. The MoodleCloud environment’s performance, reliability, collaboration and adaptability are typically viewed favourably by faculty and students. The results show that MoodleCloud promotes efficient knowledge and skill acquisition. Likewise, the respondents who use MoodleCloud report that it is a user-friendly platform with good navigation, clarity, visual appeal and accessibility. Regarding user-satisfaction and its impact on the educational process, the results show that it has generally positive reviews of MoodleCloud.

"Technology is the enabler Enhancing “one team, one record, one number, one fund” and connecting Home Care utilization to outcomes for patients and providers”.

Since 2012, St. Joseph’s Health System has been testing and evaluating Integrated Models of Care while maintaining a focused commitment to spreading and scaling sustainable integrated service delivery and integrated funding models.
 Our collective learnings and expanding partnerships are being celebrated through the creation of the SJHS Centre for Integrated Care. The Centre for Integrated Care, or “CIC”, is an innovation incubator and accelerator powered by the St. Joseph’s Health System (SJHS), the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, and the partners we work with.
 We believe getting timely and adequate care should be less complicated: fewer steps, less confusion, less wasted effort, more sharing, and more time to spend with people. Integrated care means integrating people who provide care and the systems they use. We prefer practical and simple innovations that fit within existing resources. Our mission is to integrate systems and remove barriers to advance people-centred care.
 Our hub includes patients, families/caregivers, care providers, health care leaders, researchers, educators, and technology experts who are united in one goal: to improve the delivery of health and social services for better outcomes.
 During the presentation we will describe our Integrated Comprehensive Care (ICC) Program for COPD and CHF patients and highlight how the work and in particular the technology, has enabled integration at the micro, meso, and macro levels with a specific focus on equity, access, and provider experience.
 We will touch on learnings from the pandemic and provide a visual representation linking actual volume and type of home care utilization to outcomes both the year prior to the pandemic and two years during the pandemic; Understanding service delivery trends is important to understanding how resources are contributing to an outcome, such as community staffing decisions impacting hospital lengths of stay. Discussion begins with best practice care standards and pathways. Funding constraints are secondary. The ongoing dialogue between and within acute and home and community care serves to educate and adjust practice as the evidence directs. This approach comes from establishing a shared vision, transparency, trust, and hard work upfront when developing programs. As opposed to command and control, it’s a collective goal to provide the best care within the existing resources and be open to shuffling resources, and looking at other ways of delivering care, including the use of technology, to provide services.
 Time permitting, we will engage participants in discussions around how we can collectively advance integrated care and suggest opportunities for moving forward.
 At the end of the day, technology is not the driver in health care. Rather, care is enabled by technology – to support remote access, consistent practice, easily accessible synchronous documentation, ongoing refinement of best practice, and much more. It is essential to the future of health care, meeting client expectations and supporting practitioners to give their best.

Strategi Pengamanan Cyber: Lingkup Kerjasama dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Cyber

Threats to the security of important objects and files are growing rapidly. In the rapid development of the digital era, the security of goods and files has become very important, which is a big problem in terms of cyber security. Cybercriminals are more clever and skilled at exploiting information security gaps in digital systems. Improving cyber security requires a thorough analysis of the threats faced in the digital environment and the solutions that can be implemented. The aim of this research is to analyze the main targets, identify the main challenges to protect them from cyber attacks, evaluate and recommend measures and strategies to improve file security, explore case studies related to threats and solutions in the digital environment. The qualitative approach uses data collection methods. Potential threats of cyber crime in Indonesia include hacking, cracking, cyber sabotage and spyware. The risk management process includes identification, evaluation, handling and controlling risks. To anticipate danger, therefore, technology experts are needed to support the development of defense systems in developed countries and establish a cyber security command center.

Finances of Centre for Distance Education, Osmania University in Telangana State

The distance and open learning has witnessed a tremendous progress in the recent past in India. The Directorate of Distance Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, is one of the third biggest Universities of Andhra Pradesh. The Osmania University established in 1919, is the seventh oldest in the country, third oldest in South India and the first to be established in the princely State of Hyderabad. One of the basic ideals of Osmania University is to achieve an intellectual synthesis of oriental and occidental learning of the best that has been thought of and said, both in the East and in the West. Further, it aims at a cultural synthesis (as reflected in its architectural variety), the development of a national ethos and the creation of an academic and social environment in which ‘National Integration’ is not a nebulous idea but a tangible reality. The Vision of the University is to generate and disseminate knowledge through a harmonious blend of ancient and modern wisdom, and to serve the society by developing in students heightened intellectual, cultural, ethical and humane sensitivities to foster a scientific temper, and to promote professional and technological expertise. Central to this vision is a commitment to regional and national development in consonance with our culture, heritage and environment. The advantage of CDE of OU is location in the state capital and increased job potential due to number of industries, organizations, Universities, and institutions of state and national level. But owing to establishment of DECs of other Universities in Hyderabad, the enrolment has been gradually decreasing. In CDE of OU, the mean value of consolidated income is registered at high magnitude. Yearly variations in consolidated income are wild and wide but the growth rate in income is moderate. The average income from examination and ‘others’ is moderate. While average income from University is low, it reported high in the case of income from courses. The yearly variations in income are more pronounced in the case of courses and examinations while moderate trend is noticed in the case of income from University and ‘others’. Study material waste should be minimized. Study material shall get printed optimally. In other words, the study material shall be printed on demand-wise and need basis. An appropriate organization model at DEC level shall be developed. The suggested model is that under Director, there shall be two Deputy Directors and four Assistant Directors representing key areas of the administration.

Dialog Komunitas: Menggabungkan Teknologi dan Metodologi Mengajar Inovatif di Sekolah

Integrating technology into the education process is an important step towards the digital age, especially in Jakarta's school environment. "Community Dialogue: Combining Technology and Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Schools" started as a discussion forum aimed at addressing issues and opportunities related to the application of technology in education. The event brought together various stakeholders, including teachers, technology experts and policy makers, to share knowledge and best practices with a focus on implementing innovative teaching methodologies. Participants were invited to work together and help build strategies for using technology in the classroom through group discussions and Q&A sessions. Adaptive curriculum development, the use of digital tools in teaching, and blended learning approaches were some of the topics discussed. The results of the discussion showed that teachers should be trained in educational technology and the curriculum should be adapted to support digital learning. As an effort to improve the quality of education in Jakarta, this discussion emphasized the importance of the involvement of all parties in the effective implementation of educational technology. This dedication is very important, especially in providing direction and guidance for schools in Jakarta to use educational technology that is sophisticated and relevant to the needs of students in the modern era.

The Development of Challenge-Based Learning with Social Media Model to Promote Technology Literacy Skills for Learners

The challenge-based learning with social media model, or CBLS model, to promote technology literacy skills for learners is based on the concepts of challenge-based learning process integrated with the ideas to use social media as a tool for the management of learning activities. The objectives of this research are (1) to synthesize the CBLS model to promote technology literacy skills for learners, (2) to design the CBLS model to promote technology literacy skills for learners, and (3) to study the results of the design of the CBLS model to promote technology literacy skills for learners. The participants in this research are seven experts from different institutions in higher education, including the four males and three females, all of whom are experts in educational technology, which are specialized in design instruction system. These participants were all given confidentiality and anonymity. The results of this research show that (1) the overall suitability of the design of the CBLS model is at the high level (mean = 4.49, SD = 0.32), and (2) the suitability of the elements of the CBLS model is at the highest level (mean = 4.93, SD = 0.19).

LITERATURE IN INCREASING ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 5.0.

The Industrial Revolution 5.0 is an integration of advanced technology and human expertise. The era that focuses on improving the quality of life and human welfare by optimizing the use of limited natural resources but still environmentally friendly forces people to be adaptive to the orientation of that era. Based on the core of literature as dulce et utile, beautiful and meaningful or useful (Horatius), this study intends to find and show the meaningfulness and contribution of literary work as a medium in increasing ecological awareness in era of Industrial Revolution 5.0. As a perspective to understand environmental problems, ecological literature (Eco Literature) was chosen as an approach to find answers in this research. The research method is hermeneutic method. The object of research is novel. The selected novels are Dunia Anna and The Overstory. The characters in the two novels are described as having ecological awareness. They are aware about the importance of preserving the environment so that the earth is not damaged but could benefit to future generations. The characters are described as carrying out a mission to save the environment and making efforts to restore the state of the environment. This is in line with the vision of Industrial Revolution 5.0 which prioritizes environmentally friendly concepts. Ecological awareness messages in these two novels provide evidence that novels as literary works contain life learning values ​​that are useful, contributive and deserve to be taught and disseminated.

Exploration of a New Zakat Management System Empowered by Blockchain Technology in Malaysia

Purpose — This paper aims to examine the implementation of blockchain technology in zakat management and determine how it will work in the context of Malaysia. Although zakat institutions in Malaysia use technology, confidence in the efficiency of the zakat fund is still an ongoing issue. Therefore, the potential of blockchain technology for improving the zakat management system is examined. Design/Methodology/Approach — An exploratory study involving two informants with expertise in blockchain technology and Islamic finance was conducted to investigate how the application of blockchain in the zakat management system will accelerate the future implementation and potential of zakat management in Malaysia. Findings — This research finds an accord between the features of blockchain technology and the objectives of zakat. The features are transparency, traceability and security, which align closely with the goals of zakat. As such, a new model has been proposed for the zakat management system, one empowered by blockchain technology that harmonises with the existing system and enhances these elements. Originality/Value — This research can motivate zakat institutions in Malaysia to implement blockchain technology in their zakat management systems by using the proposed model. The research shows the synchronisation of blockchain principles with zakat, which would build trust and confidence. Practical Implications — The discussion on how blockchain can be embedded in the existing zakat management system will contribute towards enhancing zakat management in Malaysia and improve the performance of zakat institutions, enabling them to better serve the community. Given the scarce literature on blockchain adoption in zakat management, this study can spur further research and discussion within this area.

Management of Public Sector Strategies in Dealing with the Use of Public Service Applications for People in Bangladesh

The digital revolution has had a profound impact on public service delivery worldwide, and Bangladesh is no exception. In recent years, the government of Bangladesh has made significant strides in embracing technology to improve citizen-government interactions through public service applications. These applications offer a wide range of services, from tax payments and utility bill settlements to healthcare and education resources, making governance more accessible and citizen-centric. However, the effective management of public service applications poses several challenges, including technical issues, administrative hurdles, user-related concerns, and legal and regulatory complexities. This thesis explores the management of public sector strategies in dealing with the use of public service applications in Bangladesh. A mixed-methods research design is adopted, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A literature review provides an overview of the current landscape of public service applications in the country and highlights best practices from other nations. Primary data is collected through surveys and interviews, which capture citizen perspectives and experiences, as well as insights from government officials and technology experts. The findings indicate that public service applications have a positive impact on governance, enhancing accessibility, efficiency, and transparency. However, challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, cybersecurity concerns, bureaucratic resistance, and digital literacy gaps need to be addressed. Strategies for effective management are proposed, including improving technical infrastructure, enhancing cybersecurity measures, promoting user education, streamlining administrative processes, and fostering collaboration with the private sector and NGOs. Furthermore, the importance of data privacy policies, multilingual applications, and continuous user feedback for enhancing citizen trust and inclusivity is emphasized.

From Slavery to Modern Slavery, Trafficking in Human Beings (Challenges and Solutions) At the Regional and International Level

Human trafficking crimes threaten societies' security and stability. They also hinder social growth and harm economic, social, and security institutions. These crimes also confront global security agencies, pushing the international community to fight them. By establishing accords and conventions to address slavery and enslavement, one of the most disgraceful global afflictions and a grave infringement on human rights, including the trafficking, sale, and exploitation of individuals, sometimes called transnational organized crime, Unfortunately, every country is vulnerable to humanitarian violations. through Crossing borders takes many forms. There is also a lack of accurate statistical data and thorough information on human trafficking, especially for women and children.
 in the light of the lack of agreement on basic assessments, data, and indications of the volume and geographic distribution of different kinds of trafficking makes tackling this problem difficult. A crime cannot be called a "phenomenon" without specifying its scope. also, the victims' ambition for quick and large financial gain drives them into trouble. Organized crime syndicates exploit this tendency, coupled with poverty, unemployment, military conflicts, and natural disasters. Family disintegration, population growth, slums, globalization, the Internet, and an environment of culture that exploits people, especially vulnerable groups, contribute to perceiving them as a commodity that can generate income. Human trafficking victims face security, economic, social, political, psychological, and health risks. Some of these effects may be lethal. The victim's broke immigration and employment rules, as well as fraud, forgery, bribery, smuggling, and rape. Thus, this crime may exceed traditional criminality by including a variety of interrelated violations that result in inhumane deeds.
 Technology serves as a catalyst for the amplification of trafficking operations, facilitating the widespread commercialization and exploitation of victims. Victims are subject to recurrent exploitation when perpetrators reproduce identical advertisements and engage in live-streaming activities across various platforms, with the intention of maximizing their reach and financial gains.
 Technology has also contributed to reducing the barriers for individuals involved in human trafficking. In the past, criminal organizations would have had to establish physical control and dominance over specific urban areas, typically relying on a large network of members. However, newcomers to the human trafficking industry can now effectively operate an online business without the necessity of a physical criminal infrastructure and with a smaller workforce. Consequently, the acquisition of technological expertise may enhance the potency of a criminal organization while also rendering it more elusive to law enforcement entities.
 So the paper will clarify the challenges of these serious crimes in all their forms (traditional and modern) and the weakness of international, rigorous cooperation in confrontation and its negative impacts on international society as a whole.