Technological Efforts Research Articles

Future of Business Culture: An Artificial Intelligence‐Driven Digital Framework for Organization Decision‐Making Process

Technological efforts are currently being used across a broad array of industries. Through the combination of consumer choice and matching principle, the goal of this paper is to investigate the prospective implications of artificial intelligence systems on businesses’ outcomes. From an entrepreneurship standpoint, the research revealed that artificial intelligence systems can help with better decision‐making. What impact does the introduction of AI‐based decision‐making technologies have on organizational policymaking? The quirks of human and AI‐based policymaking are identified in this research based on five important contextual factors: precision of the choice search area, contribution to the innovation of the policymaking process and result, volume of the replacement collection, policymaking pace, and generalizability. We create a novel paradigm comparative analysis of conventional and automation judgment along these criteria, demonstrating how both judgment modalities can be used to improve organizational judgment efficiency. Furthermore, the research shows that, by involving internal stakeholders, they can manage the correlation among AI technologies and improve decision for businessmen. Furthermore, the research shows that customer preferences and industry norms can moderate the link between AI systems and superior entrepreneurial judgment. The goal of this work is to conduct a thorough literature analysis examining the confluence of AI and marketing philosophy, as well as construct a theoretical model that incorporates concerns based on established studies in the areas. This research shows that, in a setting with artificial intelligence systems, customer expectation, industry standards, and participative management, entrepreneurial strategic decisions are enhanced. This research provides entrepreneurs with technology means for enhancing decision‐making, illustrating the limitless possibilities given by AI systems. A conceptual approach is also formed, which discusses the four factors of profit maximization: relationship of AI tools and IT with corporate objectives; AI, organizational learning, and decision‐making methodology; and AI, service development, and value. This study proposes a way to exploit this innovative innovation without destroying society. We show real‐world examples of each of these frameworks, indicate circumstances in which they are likely to improve decision‐making performance in organizations, and provide actionable implications into their constraints. These observations have a wide variety of implications for establishing new management methods and practices from both academic and conceptual viewpoints.

Effort inference and prediction by acoustic and movement descriptors in interactions with imaginary objects during Dhrupad vocal improvisation.

In electronic musical instruments (EMIs), the concept of "sound sculpting" was proposed by Mulder, in which imaginary objects are manually sculpted to produce sounds, although promising has had some limitations: driven by pure intuition, only the objects' geometrical properties were mapped to sound, while effort-which is often regarded as a key factor of expressivity in music performance-was neglected. The aim of this paper is to enhance such digital interactions by accounting for the perceptual measure of effort that is conveyed through well-established gesture-sound links in the ecologically valid conditions of non-digital music performances. Thus, it reports on the systematic exploration of effort in Dhrupad vocal improvisation, in which singers are often observed to engage with melodic ideas by manipulating intangible, imaginary objects with their hands. The focus is devising formalized descriptions to infer the amount of effort that such interactions are perceived to require and classify gestures as interactions with elastic versus rigid objects, based on original multimodal data collected in India for the specific study. Results suggest that a good part of variance for both effort levels and gesture classes can be explained through a small set of statistically significant acoustic and movement features extracted from the raw data and lead to rejecting the null hypothesis that effort is unrelated to the musical context. This may have implications on how EMIs could benefit from effort as an intermediate mapping layer and naturally opens discussions on whether physiological data may offer a more intuitive measure of effort in wearable technologies.

ADVANCE-ing Grounded Theory: Methodological insights from a qualitative study of Latinas in STEM

In 2012, the University of California, Davis received an ADVANCE-IT grant to facilitate diversity efforts in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) already underway on our campus. One of the grant’s five interlocking components was the Social Science Research Initiative (SSRI), the cornerstone of which is an interview study of Latina STEM scholars. This paper tells the story of how that study unfolded: the challenges we faced, the decisions we made, the problems we solved (and did not solve), our “grounded theory” approach to intersectional feminist analysis, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration – not only within the research team but also between us and the broader ADVANCE community. Although we highlight key findings, our main goal is to theorize what we learned in the research process in order to advance dialogue between STEM and non-STEM scholars about our mutual interest in creating a more diverse, inclusive academy.

Technological Efforts to Achieve Carbon Neutrality

Technological Efforts to Achieve Carbon Neutrality

Implications of Increasing Household Air Conditioning Use Across the United States Under a Warming Climate

AbstractSoaring temperatures and increased occurrence of heatwaves have drastically increased air‐conditioning demand, a trend that will likely continue into the future. Yet, the impact of anthropogenic warming on household air conditioning is largely unaccounted for in the operation and planning of energy grids. Here, by leveraging the state‐of‐the‐art in machine learning and climate model projections, we find substantial increases in future residential air conditioning demand across the U.S.—up to 8% with a range of 5%–8.5% (13% with a range of 11%–15%) after anthropogenic warming of 1.5°C (2.0°C) in global mean temperature. To offset this climate‐induced demand, an increase in the efficiency of air conditioners by as much as 8% (±4.5%) compared to current levels is needed; without this daunting technological effort, we estimate that some states will face supply inadequacies of up to 75 million “household‐days” (i.e., nearly half a month per average current household) without air conditioning in a 2.0°C warmer world. In the absence of effective climate mitigation and technological adaptation strategies, the U.S. will face substantial increases in air conditioning demand and, in the event of supply inadequacies, there is increased risk of leaving millions without access to space cooling during extreme temperatures.

Фізичні особливості процесу багатоопераційного витягування циліндричних деталей із металевої сітки

In modern mechanical engineering, a method of single-operation extraction of cylindrical parts from a metal grid with a square mesh is known, which, in particular, has found application for the manufacture of microphone casings. Further improvement of the technology of extracting parts from a metal mesh in the direction of increasing the relative height of the stamped part is associated with the use of a multi-operation method of extraction. The study of this process will allow to significantly reduce the limit coefficient of extraction and thereby significantly increase the relative height of the part. Therefore, the work aimed at improving the technology of manufacturing parts from a metal mesh due to the use of a multi-operation method of extraction is an urgent scientific and practical task. The purpose of the study is to improve the technology of manufacturing cylindrical parts from a metal mesh by using a multi-operation method of drawing. The result of the work is the study of physical limitations that determine the limiting coefficient of multi-operational extraction of cylindrical parts from a metal mesh. The phenomenon of elasticity of the mesh wires was revealed, as a result of which the side wall of the part acquires a curved, close to conical shape. The physical similarity between the process of deformation of a single wire of a metal mesh during multi-operation drawing and the process of bending a flat workpiece is shown, which allows determining the technological effort of each drawing operation using formulas for calculating the bending force. In addition, two forms of instability of the process of multi-operational drawing of cylindrical parts from a metal grid with a square mesh were revealed, and a new method of drawing was proposed, which creates such stamping conditions, in which asymmetric deformation of the part (irreparable defect) is not observed, and separate additional means for cutting the edge of the stamped parts are not used.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И ВЫБОР ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРОЦЕССА ГОРЯЧЕЙ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ШТАМПОВКИ ПОКОВКИ ТИПА "КРЕСТОВИНА" ПУТЕМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В ПРОГРАММНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ QFORM

By the method of computer modeling in the QForm program, the technological process of hot die forging for a «crosspiece» type forged-piece has been developed. The influence of technological parameters on the force parameters and the filling of a die cavity was investigated. The stress-strain state and temperature fields of the forged-piece, the optimal shape and dimensions of the initial workpiece providing minimal technological efforts, forging steps, optimal conditions for filling the die cavity and conditions for cooling the forged-piece were determined. The optimal forging scheme was found.

Consideration on Contemporary Tasks about the Realization of Autonomous Vehicles Public Road Driving - Focusing on the revision of the Road Traffic Act and driver's license regulations -

Autonomous Vehicles are one of the representative products of the 4th industrial revolution from which we can expect benefits such as the reduction of traffic accidents and the decrease of casualties and loosening of traffic congestion by that. It can be said that interest in and movement about the development and commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles are considerable globally. Autonomous Vehicles can be described as the ones that perceive surroundings and do things dynamically on their own through recognition, judgment, and control. Also, to realize the driving and operation of Autonomous Vehicles on public roads, basically, it is needed to examine and revise the Road Traffic Act that has been institutionalized to keep cars moving smoothly by preventing and eliminating all the dangerous and hindrance factors of traffic on roads. We cannot deny the fact that the safe and desirable commercialization of those cars will be never obtained without it. Therefore, it is necessary not only to reflect technological perspectives to the revision of the Road Traffic Act but also to understand Autonomous Vehicles from the standpoint of the Road Traffic Act. From the viewpoint of the Road Traffic Act, Autonomous Vehicles can be regarded as the cars that support driving, but it is somewhat different in the perspective of technology. We cannot say that operating capacity directly means driving ability. Accordingly, in the situation to develop Autonomous Vehicles, we carry out recognition based on the technological concept of Autonomous Vehicles. To realize the reflection of it diversely into legislation, however, it is needed to perform consideration more precisely. In other words, not only technological development but efforts and attempts have been made multilaterally to commercialize and generalize Autonomous Vehicles from which we can expect various advantages associated with the decrease of traffic accidents. Yet, what is related to autonomous driving is not just from today or yesterday but has been a part of technological advancement and development that have been done continuously from long before. To wit, the emergence of Autonomous Vehicles did not take place in a day along with the 4th industrial revolution, and it can also be considered as part of the acceptance of technological development. Moreover, it seems to be necessary to establish definite criteria or such regarding what should be the focus in the realization of Autonomous Vehicles. In other words, on which should we put the emphasis, the acceptance of developed and advanced technology or the enhancement of safety? In conclusion, basically, it is needed to consider and arouse opinions about two aspects; one is to advocate technology as much as possible immediately, and the other is to accept it stepwise through discussion and examination. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all those things generally and revise the law practically and realistically in order to realize the public road driving of Autonomous Vehicles.

A Comprehensive Overview of Machine Learning Algorithms and their Applications

Machine learning (ML) utilises data and algorithms to simulate the way people learn and improve their accuracy over time and it’s also a subdivision of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science. In AI, ML is a relatively recent domain that involves studying computational methods for discovering new knowledge and managing existing knowledge. Methods of machine learning have been applied to a diversity of application domains. . However, in recent years, as a result of various technological advancements and research efforts, new data has become available, resulting in new domains in which machine learning can be applied. This paper introduces the definition of machine learning and its basic structure. These algorithms are used for various purposes, including data mining, image processing, predictive analytics, and so on. The primary benefit of using machine learning is that once an algorithm learns what to do with data, it can do so automatically. This survey replenishes a brief outline and outlook on numerous machine learning applications.

Nano−Micro Characterization of Defects on Silicon Surfaces: An Industrial Perspective of Metrology Challenges

The electronic device industry is known to have been driven since its early stages by a continuous technological effort of miniaturization because of the dual need of manufacturing cost reduction through integration and offers to the user market of smaller electronic applications, more efficient, versatile, and differentiable. Silicon wafer manufacturers have been forced to provide larger size silicon wafers. 300 mm diameter is nowadays covering more than 50% of the total market, with dimension and density of residual defects moving from micrometers to nanometers, from ppt to ppq, or even less. In this context, the proper choice of measurement technique and setup which can guarantee measurement reliability to detect a given defect and provide information of its distribution inside the wafer is mandatory. It has to cope the need to control material quality in a range more frequently close to the measurement detection limit and improve the associated manufacturing process capabilities. Herein, a few examples in the area of crystallographic/morphological defects and chemical impurities on silicon wafers are proposed, reviewing the defect analysis approach inside a manufacturing environment. The discussion also involves the final product certification data reporting which tends to convey in a very synthetic format the whole measurement and control process.

Towards autonomous public transportation: Attitudes and intentions of the local population

Public autonomous vehicles (AVs) have a high potential to solve traffic related problems and environmental challenges. However, without the passengers’ acceptance, the potential to achieve these benefits will not be fulfilled. Therefore, this paper is focused on the factors that influencethe acceptance of such vehicles and investigates how much the acceptance varies if different levels of supervision are provided. An online survey was conducted and factors like trust and experience were found to impact on the stated intention to use a self-driving bus. Additionally, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)factors, such as, effort expectancy, performance expectancy and social influence were found to impact user intentions. Interestingly, socio-demographic factors appeared to be determinants of the acceptance of public AVs only if an employee was no longer present in the bus.The study highlighted the importance of paying sufficient attention to qualitative psychological factors, next to classic instrumental attributes like travel time and costs, before and during the implementation of public AVs. As experience was found to be a relatively robust factor in explaining public AV acceptance, we expect that preferences towards autonomous public transportation evolve along with the transition from hypothetical scenarios to demonstration pilots, to their deployment in regular operations. We therefore recommend the extension of this research to revealed preference studies, thereby using the results of field studies and living labs.Policy makers and researchers should allow users to access public AVs in test phases, so that users can generate positive experiences. This is expected to reduce future efforts of encouraging the use of this new technology, before its implementation.

Mapping Scientific and Technological Production Related to the MYC Gene

In appropriate activation of c-MYC proto-oncogene contributes to the development of human cancers. Searches for therapies that target genes and proteins related to neoplastic phenotypes have become frequent. Therefore, inhibiting c-MYC expression has been the target for developing and testing multiple drugs and strategies for the treatment of various human cancers. This study aimed to map scientific and technological productions on the MYC gene at the Scielo, PubMed and Orbit Intelligence platforms between 2000 and 2019. The scientific prospecting revealed 1,259 articles. The most detected categories were: molecular biology, MYC mutations and those addressing the MYC as a drug target or therapeutic strategies. A progressive increase in the number of articles in this last category was found. Technological mapping detected 10,059 patent documents, with 20.2% granted. China and the USA were the largest filers, accounting for more than 40%. Biotechnology was the field with the highest number of patents. Biotechnology and the pharmaceutical sector predominated in the second half of the period investigated, both in scientific and technological prospecting. Our study points to a scientific and technological effort in the development of therapeutic strategies against cancer, in which MYC is among the main targets.

STEM disparities we must measure

The National Science Foundation’s (NSF’s) Survey of Earned Doctorates, an annual census of all newly minted US PhDs since 1957, has been a cornerstone in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) diversity efforts (1). Along with NSF’s other national workforce surveys, the Survey of Earned Doctorates provides critical data needed to document underrepresented groups in STEM and determine their eligibility for funding and federal resources. However, NSF’s surveys do not include sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions, despite the alarming disparities that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people face in US STEM fields (2).

Digital technology adoption, digital dynamic capability, and digital transformation performance of textile industry: Moderating role of digital innovation orientation

In the new manufacturing area, the Chinese textile industry is facing the opportunities and challenges under the sustainable development model and advanced manufacturing technology. It is urgent to use digital technology to realize digital transformation. In this process, digital dynamic capability and digital innovation are significant for textile firms to achieve digital transformation performance. Drawing on the data from 367 questionnaires of Chinese textile firms, we apply multiple regression to examine how a firm's digital transformation is affected by adopting digital technology. A conceptual model based on framework of resource–capability–performance is developed to examine how adoption of digital technology, digital dynamic capability, and digital innovation orientation affects a firm's digital transformation performance. The results indicate that the positive relationship between digital technology adoption and digital transformation performance is less significant; this path is fully mediated through digital dynamic capability. Digital innovation orientation has a positive moderating effect and that the efficiency digital innovation has the most significant moderating effect among all digital innovation types. In addition, compared with textile firms in the low level of digital technology adoption, the firms in the high‐level group show a significant positive relationship between digital technology adoption and digital transformation performance. These findings confirm the validity of the model and contribute to existing literature on technology efforts in firms and provide guidelines to help managers implement informed decisions about digital transformation.

Next generation of nanozymes: A perspective of the challenges to match biological performance

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity have been the spotlight of scientific and technological efforts to substitute natural enzymes, not only in biological research but also for industrial manufacturing, medicine, and environment healing. Notable advancements in this field along the last years relied on to the rational design of single-atom active sites, knowledge of the underlying atomic structure, and realistic ab initio theoretical models of the electronic configuration at the active site. Thus, it is plausible that a next generation of nanozymes still to come will show even improved catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity. However, the dynamic nature of the protein cage surrounding most active sites in biological enzymes adds a flexible functionality that possess a challenge for nanozyme's mimicking of their natural counterparts. We offer a perspective about where the main strategies to improve nanozymes are headed and identify some of the big challenges faced along the road to better performance. We also outline some of the most exciting bio-inspired ideas that could potentially change this field.

GLOBAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Recent decades have seen rapid growth of the world economy. This growth has been driven in part by the even faster rise in international trade. The growth in trade is in turn the result of both technological developments and concerted efforts to reduce trade barriers. Some developing countries have opened their own economies to take full advantage of the opportunities for economic development through trade, but many have not. Remaining trade barriers in industrial countries are concentrated in the agricultural products and labor-intensive manufactures in which developing countries have a comparative advantage. Further trade liberalization in these areas particularly, by both industrial and developing countries, would help the poorest escape from extreme poverty while also benefiting the industrial countries themselves.

Chipless wireless temperature sensor based on quasi-BIC resonance

Wireless sensors find use in many practical applications, where wired connections possess a limitation. New realms of global connectivity and data exchange among various devices suggest putting a sensor on a consumable level, where electronic circuits are not affordable from an economic standpoint. Chipless approaches, aiming to address the later issue, typically come with a penalty of performance degradation and, in many cases, is seen as a compromise solution. Here, we demonstrate a concept of the extremely sensitive temperature sensor based on the bound states in the continuum (BIC) approach. A ceramic half-cylinder above a ground plane is designed to support high quality factor supercavity modes with a strong resonant dependence on an ambient temperate. The operation of the sensor is experimentally demonstrated in a broad range of temperatures, spanning from 25 to 105 °C with an average sensitivity of 4 MHz/°C. The key element, leading to this performance, is high-quality ceramics, which allows supporting confined modes with moderately low Ohmic losses and extremely high-quality factors above 1000. High-performance chipless devices, which are capable to accommodate several functions with a single platform, open a venue to a new generation of wireless distributed sensors, where the main technological and outlay efforts are placed on an interrogation side.

A scoping review of youth and young adults' roles in natural disaster mitigation and response: considerations for youth wellbeing during a global ecological crisis.

Youth and young adults, ages 15-29, have been identified as assets in mitigation and management for natural disasters around the world. This study reviews the literature on disaster mitigation, response, and recovery following natural disasters with a focus on the engagement of youth and young adults. The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) scoping review model was used to broadly summarize existing literature. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using several databases. Keywords and index terms were searched using four concepts: (a) age (e.g., youth, young adult), (b) participation type (e.g., engagement, participation), (c) natural disaster type (e.g., hurricane, tsunami), and (d) disaster response type (e.g., planning, mitigation). The search yielded 214 articles published between 1990 and 2021. Of these articles, 19 met inclusion criteria. Identified literature focused on youth and young adults' mitigation and recovery efforts responding to natural disasters in several different countries. Themes of young people's participation or youth-led efforts focused on community mobilization and resilience (n = 5), youth empowerment and policy advocacy (n = 2), communication technology (n = 2), education-community partnerships (n = 9), and postdisaster rescue efforts (n = 1). With a changing climate and increased weather-related natural disasters, as well as in the context of a global health pandemic, community-based groups would benefit from learning from international efforts to engage young people in disaster mitigation and recovery efforts especially as it relates to promoting mental health and well-being.

A Review on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Materials Derived from Fish Discards.

This review summarizes the results reported on the production of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) materials derived from fish wastes (i.e., heads, bones, skins, and viscera), known as fish discards, and offers an in-depth discussion on their promising potential for various applications in many fields, especially the biomedical one. Thus, considerable scientific and technological efforts were recently focused on the capability of these sustainable materials to be transformed into economically attractive and highly valuable by-products. As a consequence of using these wastes, plenty of beneficial social effects, with both economic and environmental impact, will arise. In the biomedical field, there is a strong and continuous interest for the development of innovative solutions for healthcare improvement using alternative materials of biogenic origin. Thus, the orthopedic field has witnessed a significant development due to an increased demand for a large variety of implants, grafts, and/or scaffolds. This is mainly due to the increase of life expectancy and higher frequency of bone-associated injuries and diseases. As a consequence, the domain of bone-tissue engineering has expanded to be able to address a plethora of bone-related traumas and to deliver a viable and efficient substitute to allografts or autografts by combining bioactive materials and cells for bone-tissue ingrowth. Among biomaterials, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bio-ceramics are widely used in medicine, in particular in orthopedics and dentistry, due to their excellent bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteointegrative characteristics. Recently, BCP materials (synthetic or natural), a class of CaP, which consist of a mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), in different concentrations, gained increased attention due to their superior overall performances as compared to single-phase formulations. Moreover, the exploitation of BCP materials from by-products of fish industry was reported to be a safe, cheap, and simple procedure. In the dedicated literature, there are many reviews on synthetic HA, β-TCP, or BCP materials, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first collection of results on the effects of processing conditions on the morphological, compositional, structural, mechanical, and biological properties of the fish discard-derived BCPs along with the tailoring of their features for various applications.

Integrating TTF and UTAUT2 theories to investigate the adoption of augmented reality technology in education: Perspective from a developing country

Augmented reality (AR) has gained increased recognition in varying fields, in particular educational contexts. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, home-based learning becomes a reality and is already in place across the globe, and learning via augmented reality technology will help learners comprehend learning content in a more creative frame of mind than ever before. Very little research has examined the adoption behavior of augmented reality in developing country perspectives. Therefore, there is a pressing necessity to understand the dynamics of augmented reality adoption for the benefit of motivating and inspiring students to adopt this highly innovative and impactful type of technology in the learning process. Against this background, the authors proposed and tested a model based on integrating Task-Technology Fit (TTF) and UTUAT2 theories. The results reveal the positive effect of task technology fit, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, and hedonic motivation on behavioral intention (BI) in the adoption process of augmented reality in educational settings, where price value is found to exert little influence on behavioral intention. This model explains 49% of the variance in intentional behavior to adopt AR technology in the educational context. The conclusions of this study will add to the literature more informative knowledge leading to increased awareness of the dynamics and behaviors of AR adoption in a developing country perspective. We present and discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings.