Technology Adoption Model Research Articles

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud for Software Development: A Case from Turkey

Cloud-based solutions for software development activities have been emerging in the last decade. This study aims to develop a hybrid technology adoption model for cloud use in software development activities. It is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, and the proposed extension Personal–Organization–Project (POP) structure. The methodology selected is a questionnaire-based survey and data are collected through personally administered questionnaire sessions with developers and managers, resulting in 268 responses regarding 84 software development projects from 30 organizations in Turkey, selected by considering company and project sizes and geographical proximity to allow face-to-face response collection. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for statistical evaluation and hypothesis testing. The final model was reached upon modifications and it was found to explain the intention to adopt and use the cloud for software development meaningfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and understand factors that affect the intention of developing software on the cloud. The developed hybrid model was validated to be used in further technology adoption studies. Upon modifying the conceptual model and discovering new relations, a novel model is proposed to draw the relationships between the identified factors and the actual use, intention to use and perceived suitability. Practical and social implications are drawn from the results to help organizations and individuals make decisions on cloud adoption for software development.

Use of ChatGPT at University as a Tool for Complex Thinking: Students’ Perceived Usefulness

Artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-based chatbots, such as ChatGPT, are transforming the approach to education. In particular, ChatGPT’s potential to process large amounts of data and learn from user interactions makes it a beneficial resource for students, albeit with some reluctance from some teachers. This study aimed to explore the acceptance of ChatGPT by university students. The researchers administered an online survey to 400 Spanish university students aged 18–64 (M = 21.80; SD = 6.40). The results of the methodological approach based on the UTAUT2 model for technology adoption showed that: 1) gender was not a determining variable in any construct while the experience of use was a factor conditioning a higher score on all constructs; 2) experience, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit were influential in behavioral intention to use ChatGPT; 3) facilitating conditions, habit, and behavioral intention were conditioning factors in user behavior. Finally, this report discusses the findings and practical implications of the work and recommends some good uses for ChatGPT.

Internet of things usage models: A review and taxonomy

Academicians “are interested in researching the factors that influence users' acceptance or rejection of IoT technology due to they recognize that understanding the needs and acceptance of individuals is the first step in any collaborative activities from a central area. Many frameworks and models have been created to explain how users usage IoT technology, and these models include factors that may have an impact on user acceptability. An overview of ideas and concepts relating to user acceptability of IoT technology has been presented in this study. The literature that attempts to demonstrate how developers and academics foretell the level of usage IoT will achieve will be given special emphasis in the current review.This study analyzes technology adoption models pertinent to information systems and information technology studies on cutting-edge technologies like the Internet of Things. The study may be used to analyze the adoption and use of new technology. Additionally, it can be applied to enhance these theories and models when implementing new technology.”

Harnessing Electronic Medical Record Tools to Provide Proceduralist Feedback on Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Metrics.

In 2022, the Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network published quality metrics related to pediatric endoscopy. We utilized electronic medical record (EMR) tools to collect pediatric endoscopy quality metrics (PEQM) and to standardize proceduralist feedback. EMR tools were created to capture and display PEQM: (1) an endoscopy documentation template, (2) nursing documentation of events during endoscopy for timed calculations, and (3) a data dashboard. Dashboard metrics provided individualized PEQM feedback relative to group performance and ideals where available. Utilization of the endoscopy documentation tools and data dashboard was measured. Utility was assessed using a survey based on the Technology Adoption Model. Adoption of documentation tools has been nearly universal with positive survey outcomes. Robust dashboard visualization has been demonstrated. Use of EMR documentation tools standardized PEQM collection. Future capture and sharing of common PEQM data across institutions could help determine PEQM benchmarks.

Prototyping technology adoption among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for rural health innovations

PurposeThe purpose of this research study is to empirically investigate the Figma prototyping technology adoption factors among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for providing support to startups by developing and evolving the prototype solutions in collaboration with health libraries.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the technology adoption model (TAM) as a framework and the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.2.9 software version to investigate the prototyping adoption factors among entrepreneurship and innovation libraries for rural health innovations. A total of 40 libraries, spread over 16 entrepreneurship and innovation libraries, participated in this survey, including participants from Europe (35%), Asia (15%) and USA (50%).FindingsThe findings show that previous experience, social impact, brand image and system quality have a significant positive impact on entrepreneurship and innovation libraries' perceived usefulness (PU) of prototyping technology. Perceived ease of use of prototype technology is positively influenced by usability, training materials and documentation, experience and self-efficacy. Together, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant influence on behavioural intention. Behavioural intention is positively impacted by minimal investment and shallow learning curve. Technology adoption is furthered by behavioural intention. The control variables, for instance location, gender and work experience (as librarian), were found not having any impact on Figma technology adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThrough strategic partnerships with other libraries (including health libraries), policymakers, and technology providers, the adoption of prototype technology can be further accelerated. The important ramifications for policymakers, technology providers, public and entrepreneurship and innovation libraries to create a self-reliant innovation ecosystem to foster rural health innovation based on entrepreneurship are also listed in the article.Originality/valueThis research is distinctive since it integrates several areas of study, including entre, advances in rural healthcare and libraries. A novel idea that hasn't been thoroughly investigated is the collaboration between entrepreneurship and innovation libraries and health libraries for supporting businesses. This study offers insights into the factors that drive technology adoption and offers practical advice for policymakers and technology providers. It also advances understanding of the adoption of Figma prototyping technology among libraries for rural health innovation. Overall, this study provides a novel viewpoint on the nexus between different disciplines, showing the opportunity for cooperation and innovation in favour of rural health.

MAPPING THE JOURNEYS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS AND CITIZENS USING WEARABLE DEVICES FOR REMOTE CARDIAC MONITORING

AbstractAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac diseases in the world. How might we design patient journeys improving quality of life using wearable cardiac devices for continuous out of hospital monitoring and support? Most of the studies to date have emphasised the technical aspects of implementing such devices with less focus on human factors. As such, remote cardiac monitoring appears to be burdened by poor patient adherence. This research study proposed a journey map based on Roger's technology adoption model to understand the challenges faced by AF patients and non/asymptomatic patients in using wearable devices to monitor their health. Data from semi-structured interviews conducted in Denmark with 12 participants aged 24 to 65 years was used. Interview results show that citizens prefer tracking heart activity only in conjunction with other measures such as steps or sleep and do not feel motivated to track their heart activity on a daily basis. Patients view wearables as a valuable tool to check if their health is all right, although apprehension that devices can cause unnecessary worry can lead to their rejection. Finally, recommendations for the design of patient journeys when using wearables were made.

Evaluation of the Successful Implementation of the SIMARDI Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate acceptance by archivists of the SIMARDI archive application developed specifically for archive management and classification of archives from public institutions and private individuals. The application provides systematic and structured processing capabilities that enable archivists to effectively manage records, control high-level file management systems, and track archived data quickly and accurately. The methodology used in this study is the Technology Adoption Model (TAM). It has been shown to be effective in describing and predicting user acceptance of technology. The study was conducted by collecting data through questionnaires completed by 30 SIMARDI application users. This questionnaire was designed to measure archivist perceptions of the SIMARDI program and the factors that influence their use of the application. The results showed that archivists positively accepted the SIMARDI application. Usability reached 74%, usability 72.57%, and technology acceptance 73.80%. The study recommends that SIMARDI application developers focus on improving usability variables that score poorly. The results of this research will help increase user adoption not only for government and private organizations looking to implement efficient and user-friendly filing systems, but also for application developers

Assessing the effects of technology adoption model on satisfaction and loyalty in streaming services

O enorme aumento da demanda por serviços de streaming na última década, e durante a pandemia COVID-19, trouxe esperança de um futuro promissor para as empresas deste setor, onde os determinantes da satisfação e lealdade do cliente ainda não foram totalmente compreendidos. O estudo empírico apresentado neste artigo, tem como objetivo principal, analisar os fatores que influenciam a lealdade dos consumidores em um serviço de streaming. Procurando responder à questão de investigação, foram utilizados dois tipos de fontes: primária e secundária. No que respeita às fontes primárias, foi utilizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, recolhendo os dados com a técnica de amostragem por conveniência, usando um questionário aplicado online através de e-mails institucionais e redes sociais (Facebook, Instagram e Whatsapp). Os dados (n= 205) foram analisados utilizando a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Perante os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir quais são os principais fatores que influenciam a lealdade em relação a uma plataforma de streaming, a saber: qualidade percebida, facilidade de uso, expectativa de desempenho e satisfação. A análise realizada revelou a validade preditiva dos três fatores e da satisfação, e através desta, da lealdade.

Factors in homeowners' willingness to adopt nitrogen-reducing innovative/alternative septic systems.

When environmental mitigation requires individual adoption, engagement approaches centered on cost effectiveness and technological efficiency alone are often insufficient. Through focus groups with adopters and prospective adopters, this research identifies factors influencing homeowners' willingness to adopt Innovative/Alternative (I/A) septic systems for nitrogen reduction. We apply concepts from technology adoption and behavior change models as a framework for illustrating the homeowner decision-making process around I/A adoption. The perceived needs to replace an old/failing septic system, comply with local regulations, and protect local water quality synergistically catalyzed adoption. Adoption was further influenced by the larger context within which it is taking place, perceived characteristics of I/A systems and the installation process, system aesthetics concerns, and homeowners' attitudes and beliefs. Considering how these factors affect adoption could enable resource managers to design more targeted interventions to encourage adoption through behavior change strategies such as social marketing, and to improve how these systems are communicated. If I/A systems are to be used as a tool to achieve water quality goals, the considerations influencing homeowners' willingness to install these systems will be critical to incentivizing voluntary adoption. Many of these factors are relevant to the adoption of other individual-level environmental management strategies, which are being increasingly deployed in response to complex, nonpoint source pollution issues.

Technology adoption in accounting: the role of staff perceptions and organisational context

PurposeTechnology is widely recognised to be revolutionising the accounting profession, allowing accountants to focus on professional skills and technical knowledge that deliver value for organisational success. Despite the known benefits, it is reported that accountants are not fully leveraging the potential value of certain technologies. To understand why, this study aims to draw on the technology adoption model (TAM) and investigates accounting professionals’ perceptions towards technology, and how these may influence adoption at work.Design/methodology/approachThe study gathered online survey data from 585 accounting managers from organisations of varying sizes and in different sectors in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, and quantitative data were analysed using both descriptive and multivariate techniques.FindingsThe study highlighted the pivotal role of staff perceptions on the importance and ease of using technology on the uptake and successful usage. Findings emphasised important opportunities for organisations to educate accounting staff on the value of technology and optimise their confidence and skills through training and support initiatives, particularly smaller businesses. Marked differences in the orientation towards technology among Australian and Southeast Asian participants illuminate how national work culture and practice can influence technology adoption.Originality/valueThe study makes a practical contribution by advancing the understanding of the relative importance and value of certain technologies in different regions and organisation types in the accounting profession. It extends the theoretical understanding of the role of TAM’s core elements to the accounting context, exploring staff’s notions of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use from the manager’s perspective.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Factors Influencing Acceptance of Robotic Assistants in Field Construction Work

The adoption of human–robot collaboration (HRC) in various forms is widely expected to help improve productivity, reduce human physical workload, and alleviate the issues created by a skilled labor shortage in the construction industry. One potential deterrent to adoption of such collaborative work methods often cited by industry stakeholders is resistance by workers stemming from their fear of losing their jobs or having to learn new approaches and methods of performing construction work. Although significant prior studies have used path analyses to statistically evaluate hypotheses about technology adoption models by estimating the relationships in the models, no research has specifically investigated the intention to work in HRC through such an approach. This study addresses this knowledge gap and empirically investigates the factors affecting construction personnel’s behavioral intention to accept HRC. HRC in this study is envisioned as robotic assistants performing the physically demanding repetitive work while construction personnel focus on cognitive tasks necessary to plan and supervise the work. An HRC adoption model based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT) is presented. This study expands a TAM-IDT model with new constructs such as job satisfaction and openness to training to explore an improved model that increases the understanding of construction personnel’s intention to adopt HRC. Data collected from 156 construction personnel were analyzed to identify the key components based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The proposed model, consisting of eight external and four internal variables, was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that variables such as perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) had a positive and significant impact on behavioral intention (BI) to work in the described HRC system. Both theoretical and management implications emerging from the study are offered as insights to assist the construction industry in managing the introduction and adoption of HRC for on-site construction.

Adoption of food delivery apps during a crisis: exploring an extended technology adoption model

Purpose This study aims to provide insight into consumer behavior regarding the use of food delivery apps when making purchases. To investigate the primary elements affecting users' intentions to use meal delivery applications, this study suggests an extension to the technology acceptance model through some contextual variable such as “various food choices (VFC),” “trust (TRR),” “perception of COVID-19-related risks (PCR)” and “convenience (CONV)” during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional data of 407 was collected in the Indian context. This research adopts the covariance-based structural modeling approach to test the hypotheses along with hierarchical regression to predict the efficiency of constructs. Findings Considering the outcomes, “perceived usefulness (PU)” was positively influenced by “perceived ease of use (PEOU),” “VFC” and “CONV.” In addition, the attitude (ATT) was positively impacted by “PU,” “TRR” and “PEOU.” Nevertheless, “PCR” negatively influenced ATT. In additional, this research illustrates the positive impact of ATT and PU on behavioral intention to use. Originality/value By confirming the technology acceptance model's capacity for explanation in relation to food delivery apps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. The primary focus of this study is on determining the direct impact of the identified determinants on the adoption of food delivery applications within the context of a pandemic situation in developing countries.

Barriers and facilitators of the adoption and use of assistive technology for adults with an intellectual disability who live in supported accommodation: a mixed methods systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to identify the barriers and facilitators of assistive technology adoption and use in adults with intellectual disabilities living in supported accommodation. This will inform the development of an assistive technology adoption framework for these settings. Assistive technology has the potential to increase the independence and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities; however, it is often not adopted. Generic models of technology adoption exist, and a recent systematic review has explored factors influencing access to assistive technology by people with intellectual disabilities. However, no review has presented a framework of adoption or use of technology specifically for people with intellectual disabilities living in supported accommodation. This review will include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies as well as gray literature published from 1989 to 2023 on the barriers and facilitators of technology adoption and use by adults with intellectual disabilities living in supported accommodation. Systematic reviews and theses will be excluded. The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, and SocINDEX. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for relevance and quality. Data will be extracted by 1 reviewer and validated by a second, independently. Data analysis will use a convergent integrated approach, with quantitative data "qualitized" using thematic analysis to allow comparison. All data will be mapped onto an existing framework of technological adoption via framework synthesis. PROSPERO CRD42022353732.

An investigation of the factors affecting citizens’ adoption of e-government in Indonesia

The citizen acceptance of e-government is widely researched in industrialized nations; however, only a few studies have looked at the adoption of e-government in developing nations, including Indonesia. This study aims to identify the elements influencing Indonesian citizens’ acceptance of electronic governance. The following models are suggested to achieve this purpose: the information system success model (ISSM) and the technology adoption model (TAM). The sample includes 735 respondents in Indonesia; the self-selection convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The findings indicated that perceived usefulness is positively impacted by system quality (β = 0.113; p < 0.05), information quality (β = 0.502; p < 0.05), and service quality (β = 0.285; p < 0.05). Furthermore, considering the TAM model, perceived usefulness (β = 0.762; p < 0.05) has a favorable impact on intentions to use e-government, and intention to use (β = 0.502; p < 0.05) favorably influences user behavior. The findings of this study advance theoretical knowledge by developing and validating an integrated model for the effect of e-government adoption, information quality, system quality, and service quality on perceived usefulness. Risks may be lessened by enhancing the systems and capabilities that enable citizens to use e-government. Additionally, this paper offers various recommendations for improving and promoting e-government in Indonesia.

Mobile money adoption in Kenya: The role of mobile money agents

It has been frequently shown that the proximity of households to mobile money agents is a decisive factor for the adoption of mobile money. However, merely measuring the distance to agents overshadows the fact that agents are a heterogenous group, offering different services and abilities to costumers; differences, which could affect mobile money adoption. The present study therefore investigates, under the lens of the Technology Adoption Model (TAM), how agent characteristics affect mobile money adoption, using georeferenced data from a nationally representative Kenyan household survey and a census of all mobile money agents in Kenya. Results from logistic regressions show that people are statistically significantly more likely to adopt mobile money, if nearby agents offer account opening services, or if nearby agents have received formal training. The study further shows that agent training is particularly important for mobile money adoption among people without formal education. Considering that only 59 % of agents offer account opening services and only 58 % of the agents are formally trained, this article points towards a large potential for mobile money lenders and policy makers to foster financial inclusion in the future.

Analysis of IoT adoption for vegetable crop cultivation: Multiple case studies

This study aims to fill a gap in the literature regarding the interrelationship between agricultural modernization and the internet of things (IoT), particularly in vegetable crop cultivation. Therefore, it focuses on understanding the barriers to and enablers of IoT adoption in planting and harvesting vegetables. We built a theoretical framework that incorporates the constructs of individual and organizational technology adoption models, linking behavioral, technological, organizational, and environmental factors. The framework is supported by the technology-organization-environment (TOE) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models. We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 producers, three agricultural sector experts, and four suppliers. The results showed that only established producers implemented technology, indicating that organizational factors are decisive for the adoption of the IoT. Thus, the producer's size, knowledge, management level, and investment power affect IoT adoption. The theoretical model needs to be assessed according to producers' size, thereby revealing that organizational factors directly influence producers' behavioral issues.

Value-oriented proactive management in high-tech project teams

The main principles of high-tech project management and the specifics of the teams involved in the implementation of such projects are considered. Challenges arising in high-tech project teams are identified. Possible approaches for minimizing management risks in the implementation of high-tech projects are analyzed, in particular, the paradigm of proactive value-oriented project management and the approach of a logical framework model are considered. Proactive management involves the use of models for predicting results and management decisions. Management decisions are classified based on the methods used to make them. Individual, consultative, group decisions are defined, as well as strategic, tactical and operational decisions based on the nature of the goal. The sequence of actions and errors regarding decision-making at the stage of diagnosing the situation when managing problems that arise during project management are formulated. The decision is considered as a product of management work, and its adoption as a process that leads to the appearance of this product. The effectiveness of proactive project management tools in identifying and working out options for solving unique problems that require a creative approach and creative search has been demonstrated. The special importance of building constant interaction of the project manager with various members of the project team is emphasized, which conditions the inclusion of the team in the project management process and includes solving project problems and tasks, planning, discussing interdependencies between tasks, monitoring, analysis of key indicators of project performance, risk management, etc. others A detailed analysis of the implementation of the technology adoption model as a research framework model, which is fully reflected by the P2M knowledge system, is provided. The constituent components of such a model are defined: perceived value (usefulness); ease of use of the innovation; intent and motivation of use; perceived risk. The approach of the logical framework model, which is a key approach used by many international organizations and donors when implementing projects, is considered. This approach is proposed as a tool that promotes the motivation of the process of analytical thinking in the project team, helps to structure and optimize information in the project, take into account problematic issues and related risks, identify weaknesses of the selected project implementation scenario, involve key specialists in the regular process of discussion and updating logical matrix of the project. An example of the practical use of a logical framework model by creating and analyzing a matrix of a logical framework model in a specific high-tech project on nuclear and radiation safety implemented with the financial support of the European Union is given.

A Cognitive Model for Technology Adoption

The widespread adoption of advanced technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, and Robotics, is rapidly increasing across the globe. This accelerated pace of change is drastically transforming various aspects of our lives and work, resulting in what is now known as Industry 4.0. As businesses integrate these technologies into their daily operations, it significantly impacts their work tasks and required skill sets. However, the approach to technological transformation varies depending on location, industry, and organization. However, there are no published methods that can adequately forecast the adoption of technology and its impact on society. It is essential to prepare for the future impact of Industry 4.0, and this requires policymakers and business leaders to be equipped with scientifically validated models and metrics. Data-driven scenario planning and decision-making can lead to better outcomes in every area of the business, from learning and development to technology investment. However, the current literature falls short in identifying effective and globally applicable strategies to predict the adoption rate of emerging technologies. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel parametric mathematical model for predicting the adoption rate of emerging technologies through a unique data-driven pipeline. This approach utilizes global indicators for countries to predict the technology adoption curves for each country and industry. The model is thoroughly validated, and the paper outlines highly promising evaluation results. The practical implications of this proposed approach are significant because it provides policymakers and business leaders with valuable insights for decision-making and scenario planning.

An Extended Technology Adoption Model with Perceived Visual Attractiveness to Assess Academic Web Portals

The educational system in the Philippines has been slowly progressing in terms of its technological infrastructures, such as web portals. Such a pattern in web portal development prompts stakeholders to carefully consider the adoption constructs, in order for limited and scarce resources to be wisely allocated. Therefore, this paper intends to assess an academic web portal by extending the classical technology acceptance model (TAM) framework with the addition of perceived visual attractiveness. A case study in a state university in Cebu, Philippines, in which 418 undergraduate students participated, was performed to explore relationships among constructs. Using structural equation modeling, the results indicated that perceived attractiveness poses a significant influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which thereby significantly impacts perceived attitude and behavioral intention. Such results can aid stakeholders in managing resources in the development of academic web portals by focusing on important constructs such as perceived visual attractiveness.

The Composite Overfit Analysis Framework: Assessing the Out-of-Sample Generalizability of Construct-Based Models Using Predictive Deviance, Deviance Trees, and Unstable Paths

Construct-based models have become a mainstay of management and information systems research. However, these models are likely overfit to the data samples upon which they are estimated, making them risky to use in explanatory, prescriptive, or predictive ways outside a given sample. Empirical researchers currently lack tools to analyze why and how their models may not generalize out of sample. We propose a composite overfit analysis (COA) framework that applies predictive tools to describe the sources and ramifications of overfit in terms of the focal concepts important to empirical researchers: cases, constructs, and causal paths. The COA framework begins by using a leave-one-out crossvalidation procedure to identify cases with unusually high predictive error given their in-sample fit—a difference we describe as predictive deviance. The framework then employs a novel deviance tree method to group deviant cases that have similar predictive deviance and for similar theoretical reasons. We then employ a leave-deviant-group-out method, which sequentially analyzes how each deviant group affects model parameters, thereby identifying potentially unstable paths in the model. We can then infer descriptive reasons for why and how overfit affects a given model and data sample using the grouping criteria of the deviance tree, construct scores of deviant groups, and resulting unstable paths. These insights allow researchers to identify unexpected behavior that could define boundary conditions of their theory or point to new theoretical phenomena. We demonstrate the practical utility of our analytical framework on a technology adoption model in a new context. This paper was accepted by Dongjun Wu, information systems. Funding: This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [Grants 109-2811-H-007-503 and 108-2410-H-007-091-MY3] and by the 2021 Arts and Social Sciences Benefaction Fund of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4705 .