Waste Management Technologies Research Articles

A Study on non Destructive Tests and Flexural Strengths of Geopolymer Concrete Using Combination of Different Fine Aggregates

Geopolymer concrete is a new technology that deserves more attention in the rapidly evolving sustainable construction industry. Furthermore, to avoid the depletion of natural resources, by-product waste management technologies are essential. Today, river sand is in short supply. DMS (Dredged Marine Sand), on the other hand, which faces disposal and land acquisition issues, proves to be a viable alternative to river sand. In this paper, a mixture of M-Sand and DMS was used in place of river sand, and non-destructive, Flexural strength of beam by monotonic loading and cyclic loadings were investigated. The findings indicated that DMS has attained flexural characteristics and with regard to cracks, very minor and vertical cracks are observed in all beams as in the case of monotonic loading. Further, they originate from the tension zone

Analysis of Sanitation Technology for Waste Management and Drainage Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method in Bangko City

Sanitation in Indonesia is defined as efforts to dispose of liquid waste and domestic waste to create a clean and healthy living environment both at the household and settlement levels Domestic waste management needs to be considered in managing a settlement Domestic waste products, especially those containing human feces, contain dangerous pathogens. If it is released directly into water bodies without processing it will result in environmental pollution Technology and knowledge are needed to accelerate the implementation of development states that technology options are highly dependent on technical and non-technical aspects; environmental factors, cultural and behavioral factors, as well as capital and recurring cost factors To analyze the choice of technology, determined based on perception using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method. the AHP method can be used in determining sanitation technology in specific areas in order to obtain the most suitable sanitation technology for use in specific areas. The selected sanitation technology is a recommendation that is acceptable to the local population. Based on this, in order to accelerate the implementation of development, it is necessary to determine the right choice of sanitation technology for slum settlements in Bangko City, Merangin Regency. The selection of sanitation technology in the most effective waste treatment technology in Bangko uses the AHP method, namely conducting sewage treatment by suctioning feces with 31% and good drainage by making grase traps as much as 28%.

Resource recovery from organic wastes using Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Solid waste management is a cross-cutting issue impacting many aspects of the environment, society and economic development. Cities of low- and middle-income countries are currently facing severe challenges in management of the increasing amount of solid waste produced, particularly the organic waste fraction. This review presents information in literature about the utilization of Black soldier fly (BSF) in managing organic waste. It summarizes the approaches in organic waste management, use of BSF in organic waste management, life cycle and growth conditions of BSF and the benefits of utilizing BSF for resource recovery. Organic waste treatment using BSF is an emerging waste management technology with minimal global warming potential. The BSF larvae helps in carbon sequestration and is a protein source which can help alleviate the raising global demand for animal feed. The BSF larval model provides for nutrient recycling, waste reduction and value addition significantly contributing to economic viability, competitiveness and strategic development in environmental management and agriculture.

OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN PERSAMPAHAN MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Bandar Lampung has 1,166,066 people, with waste production reaching 946.35 tons/day. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry has nominated Bandar Lampung as one of Indonesia's dirtiest cities. The waste quantity produced increases, but waste management does not run optimally. In addition, the Bakung TPA still applies the open dumping method so that the waste is immediately disposed of without any processing. The processing carried out is merely limited to composting at several sources of market waste. Technology and innovation in waste management continue to formulate, and it can help improve the quality of waste management. Therefore, this study aims to formulate the best strategy for optimizing the waste management system integrated with technology and innovation. This study used a qualitative deductive approach with descriptive analysis and AWOT analysis (AHP and SWOT). It was concluded that the best strategy to optimize waste management in Bandar Lampung City is the defensive strategy. The strategy consists of fulfilling infrastructure and staff according to standards, increasing efforts and maintenance funds by the government and community retribution, waste socialization movements and simultaneous assistance, optimizing existing technologies and innovations, integrating waste management systems, pursuing a waste monitoring movement, and digitizing the waste management system.

A Life Cycle Assessment of the Combined Utilization of Biomass Waste-Derived Hydrochar as a Carbon Source and Soil Remediation

The conversion of waste biomass to hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) treatment is a promising technology for waste management, and the thorough utilization of hydrochar can reduce the environmental load. Herein, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate hydrochar as a carbon source in wastewater plants (WWTPs) and subsequently soil remediation. The simulated combined utilization of hydrochar showed that Bacillus subtilis may utilize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) of hydrochar that contains many aliphatic organic substances, and the microbially treated hydrochar retains most of the nutrients for crop growth. LCA shows that hydrochar could avoid 28% of the environmental load of WWTPs in terms of global warming (GWP100) and 47% of the environmental load of freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity and could reduce 54% of the environmental impact of soil fertilization in terms of eutrophication and 34% of GWP100 in soil remediation. Furthermore, LCA results indicate that hydrochar derived at 160 °C has the lowest environmental load in the combined utilization. This study proposes an optimized utilization of biomass wastes and extends the life cycle of derived hydrochar by experimental determination and the LCA method.

A Review of Current and Novel Methods of Medical Waste Management

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), high-income and low-income countries generate on average up to 0.5 kg and 0.2kg of hazardous waste per hospital bed per day, respectively. However, hazardous waste only accounts for 15% of total medical waste. The amount of total medical waste has increased over time, especially with medical supplies ordered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the paper is to increase awareness of the problem regarding the difficulties of medical waste management and discuss possible solutions to these challenges. This review will inquire into the various methods of medical waste management, their current statuses, and their environmental, economic, and social impacts. Types of medical waste include pharmaceuticals, blood/blood-related products, sharps, body parts/tissues/organs, contaminated equipment, and COVID-19 products. The author describes in detail the environmental, economic, and social implications of the use of landfills, incineration, steam sterilization, sewage, and common forms of improper disposal, during which the author discusses impacts such as leaching and social disparities faced by developing countries. The author also considers economic and environmentally friendly medical waste management such as redistribution of medical supplies to vet clinics as well as innovative medical waste management technologies including thermal plasma treatment and plasma pyrolysis. The author suggests that medical waste management focuses on economical methods that have small environmental impacts and large social benefits such as methods of redistribution.

Recent Advantages on Waste Management in Hydrogen Industry.

The turn to hydrogen as an energy source is a fundamentally important task facing the global energetics, aviation and automotive industries. This step would reduce the negative man-made impact on the environment on the one hand, and provide previously inaccessible power modes and increased resources for technical systems, predetermining the development of an absolutely new life cycle for important areas of technology, on the other. The most important aspect in this case is the development of next-generation technologies for hydrogen industry waste management that will definitely reduce the negative impact of technology on the environment. We consider the approaches and methods related to new technologies in the area of hydrogen storage (HS), which requires the use of specialized equipment equipped with efficient and controlled temperature control systems, as well as the involvement of innovative materials that allow HS in solid form. Technologies for controlling hydrogen production and storage systems are of great importance, and can be implemented using neural networks, making it possible to significantly improve all technological stages according to the criteria of energy efficiency reliability, safety, and eco-friendliness. The recent advantages in these directions are also reviewed.

Blockchain's potential for waste management in textile industry

PurposeAll supply chains must address waste management since it is a crucial step toward a sustainable world. This article aims to analyze the potential of blockchain technology in waste management by focusing on the textile sector, which is one of the polluting industries. The study's main objective is to realize businesses' waste management practices and sustainability initiatives and then to comprehend how practitioners perceive the implementation of blockchain technology to waste management.Design/methodology/approachThe waste management procedures and actors' perceptions of blockchain technology are examined using a qualitative study approach that adopts an in-depth interview methodology. The collected data is analyzed by a qualitative analysis software (e.g. MAXQDA).FindingsFindings of the study show that blockchain technology is still in its infancy and needs to be communicated to the actors of the sector. The technology has low potential due to the barriers it faces during the development phase. However, it is considered to be an important technological development for the textile sector stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study is important to notice at what stage the waste management practices and how to develop better with modern technologies like blockchain. Blockchain technology has essential potential for supply chains, but sustainability concerns are becoming a major issue to be solved. Waste management is therefore an important subject to be analyzed and provided with innovative solutions that will contribute to sustainability efforts. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first attempt to comprehend the potential of blockchain in the textile industry in terms of waste management.

Dis-adoption of small-scale biogas plants in Vietnam: what is their fate?

Biogas production at a small-scale level through anaerobic digestion has been promoted in Vietnam as an appropriate technology for cooking and animal waste management within rural households. Despite the large number of small-scale biogas plants being built, there is an increase in the reported cases of their dis-adoption. This study attempts to present the state of the art of biogas plants' abandonment issue and reveal the fate of biogas plants. The primary data were collected in Thua Thien Hue province in central Vietnam among owners of small-scale biogas plants selected with the purposive sampling technique. Methods included semi-structured interviews with respondents who abandoned their biogas technology (at least 6months before the primary data collection) (n = 37) and with respondents who continually use it (n = 62). SPSS 25 IBM was used for the binary logit model with 6 independent variables. Using a logistic regression analysis of various cross-sectional data, key forces were uncovered to determine the factors that can influence the abandonment of biogas technology. Results showed that households with more members working on the farm and those more satisfied with the biogas plant maintenance are less likely to abandon it. Respondents provided the information that their biogas plants mainly were not used for any other purpose after dis-adoption (excepting biogas plants used for further storage of human excreta because they were connected to toilets).

Converting of Cardboard Waste for Bioethanol Production Using Anaerobic ‎Fermentation

Many countries are interested in waste management technologies and their use, where these technologies contribute to ‎the disposal of pollutants that affect the environment. As a significant fraction of municipal solid waste, waste ‎paper is a potential source for producing bioethanol. Bioethanol production is a widely studied process for ‎biofuel production, as waste disposal through incineration emits dangerous greenhouse gases (which cause global ‎warming). The current work uses cardboard waste as a raw material for bioethanol synthesis through the physical, ‎chemical, and enzymatic treatments to improve glucose synthesis from cardboard waste by two-stage saccharomyces ‎and fermentation stage, using yeast extract. We relied on Trichoderma is a genus of fungi found in all soils, being the most widely cultured fungi; this fungus is ‎a producer of the cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose into fermented sugar and relies on three different media ‎with a carbon source and a vegetable source. (CMC) carboxymethyl cellulose agar the medium was chosen for the growth of enzyme-dissolving ‎fungi, and then the enzymatic filtrate was taken, which contains a high percentage of sugars about (12 mg/l) in the ‎optimum‏ ‏conditions pH (5.5-6) and temperature 28 °C. The purpose of the research exploitation of cellulose in cardboard and production of ethanol by fermentation process for a period ‎of 5-8 days, satisfactory results have been obtained, consumption of 5g cardboard waste produces 1%, which is equivalent to 20ml ethanol yield.

Techno-economic analysis of single-stage and temperature-phase anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge, wine vinasse, and poultry manure

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) is a mature and consolidated waste management technology that can transform agro-industrial by-products into biogas and digestate. This study conducted a techno-economic assessment of bioenergy and agricultural fertilizer production from AcoD of sewage sludge, wine vinasse, and poultry manure. In this case study, three configurations were investigated: i) Scenario 1, AcoD in thermophilic temperature; ii) Scenario 2, AcoD in mesophilic temperature; and iii) Scenario 3, AcoD in a temperature phase (TPAD) system, where the digestate produced in the first reactor (thermophilic) feeds the second reactor (mesophilic). The process was designed to manage 24,022 m³ wine vinasse y−1, 24,022 m³ sewage sludge y−1, and 480 m³ poultry manure y−1. The major cost was the fixed capital investment for the single-stage (320,981 USD) and TPAD processes (379,698 USD). The TPAD process produced the highest electricity (1058.99 MWh y−1) and heat (4765.47 GJ y−1) with the lowest cost of manufacturing for electricity (84.99 USD MWh−1), heat (0.019 USD MJ−1), and fertilizer (30.91 USD t−1). Regarding the profitability indicators, the highest net present value (509,011 USD) and the lowest payback time (4.24 y) were achieved for Scenario 3. In conclusion, TPAD is a profitable and sustainable waste-to-energy management technology that can be applied in a circular economy framework to recover bioenergy and fertilizer, contributing to decreasing the carbon footprint of the agri-food sector.

Bio-Oil Production from Multi-Waste Biomass Co-Pyrolysis Using Analytical Py–GC/MS

Background: Bioenergy attracts much attention due to the global demand for renewable and sustainable energy resources. Waste biomass feedstocks—date pits, coffee waste, and cow dung—require efficient and environmentally friendly waste-management technologies such as pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis occurs at fast heating rates (10–100 °C/s), generates high bio-oil yields, and is the most widely used process for biofuel generation. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of pyrolysis between single, binary, and ternary feeds on thermal degradation behavior and bio-oil composition. Methods: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at 30 °C/min from room temperature to 850 °C to understand the thermal degradation behavior of the biomasses. A Pyroprobe® reactor—a micro-scale pyrolyzer—was used to conduct the fast pyrolysis at 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/s, and the volatile contents were quantified using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results: The (TGA) showed three main stages of decomposition following dehydration, devolatilization, and char degradation for the different single and multiple feeds. According to the identified compounds, the bio-oil components are broadly identified as aldehydes, amines, aliphatic, aromatics, alcohols, furans, ketones, and acids. The three single-biomass pyrolysis products have four compounds in common, acetic acid and ketone groups (acetic acid, 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-, benzyl methyl ketone, and 1,2-cyclopentanedione). Conclusion: The bio-oil generated from the feeds comprises great potential for volatiles, diesel, and gasoline production with carbon atoms ranging from C2–C33. Future studies should focus on understanding the effect of procedural parameters, including blending ratio, temperature, and heating rates, on bio-oil composition. Additional molecular techniques should be employed to understand biomass components’ reaction mechanisms to produce useful bio-oil products.

Waste management and green technology: future trends in circular economy leading towards environmental sustainability.

The effective treatment of waste to be used as a resource in future has a major role in achieving environmental sustainability and moving towards circular economy. The current research is aimed to provide in-depth detail regarding prominent trends and research themes, evolution, future research orientation, main characteristics, and mapping of research publications on waste management, technological innovation in circular economy domain from the year 2000 to 2021. Different analyses including text mining and bibliometric and content analyses were applied to answer the research question and provide the details on aforementioned variables. From the bibliometric analyses, a total of 1118 articles were drawn out from the Scopus database to conceptualize the core body of research. As a result, the following themes were identified: electronic waste, circular economy transition, plastic waste, bio-based waste management, lifecycle assessment, and ecological impacts, and construction and demolition waste management. The highlighted features, future research orientation, and prominent research perspective can provide guideline for future research to enrich the literature through conducting studies on provided research directions and help lead waste management and technological innovation policymakers, professionals, and practitioners in moving towards circular transition.

Selection of Waste to Energy Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste Management—Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) play an essential role, emphasizing responsible resource use, production, and consumption, including waste management. In addition, SDG 3, 7, 11, 12, and 13 are directly/indirectly related to waste management. This study aims to determine a suitable waste-to-energy (WtE) technology in Chittagong City, Bangladesh, focusing on cleaner technology. Anaerobic digestion, gasification, incineration, and landfill gas (LFG) recovery were considered as possible alternatives. Technical, economic, environmental, and social issues have been considered as necessary criteria for evaluation. An analytical hierarchy process was applied to rank these technologies based on stakeholders’ perceptions. The study found that anaerobic digestion (AD) ranked first, receiving 38% of overall weight. The second preferred technology is LFG (27%). Gasification and incineration stood at third and fourth, respectively (21% and 14%). According to a sensitivity study, the decision is only sensitive to the economy. LFG will become the most favoured solution for WtE conversion if the economy prioritizes more than 38%. Subsequently, this study’s findings will help achieve Bangladesh’s SDG agenda.

Blockchain Technology in Waste Management: Theoretical Evaluation for System Adoption

In recent years Blockchain technology has become increasingly important and accepted (i.e business sector, supply chain, and other aspects of sustainability). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Brewer spent yeast and determine the possibility of blockchain adoption in Brewer Spent Yeast (BSY) waste management. This study uses primary data and literature studies in the preparation of blockchain-based waste management. The data obtained were analyzed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to extract the relationship between criteria within the blockchain framework. From the results of this study, it is known in the blockchain management aspect, it was found that the availability of technology and understanding of technology use insights were the most dominant cause criteria (Ri–Ci)>0.00. While the impact criteria with a value (Ri-Ci)<0.00 such as the criteria can be used for many sources of waste, cheaper transactions, and aspects of a culture of transparency in the implementation of waste treatment. The cause criteria will influence the effect criteria in the process of adopting the blockchain model in Brewer Spent Yeast (BSY) waste management.

IMPLEMENTASI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PADA PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM DETEKSI LIMBAH INDUSTRI PRODUK KULIT OTOMATIS

Rapid globalization has led to the growth of a significant amount of waste, including in the industry. Due to the considerable amount of growth of waste every year, effective and efficient waste management is needed to protect our environment. In the leather product industry, waste management is strongly important since it may have a significant impact to the employee and production process. Regarding those issues, waste management technology is considered proposed in order to solve those problems. Current research reported the outstanding work of implementing artificial intelligence for detecting and recognizing industrial waste. Artificial intelligence was proven to be a highly recommended approach that is able to classify several waste types with outstanding performance. Regardless of those facts, artificial intelligence still remains several hurdles, such as the high computational demands, especially for deep learning networks. Regarding the mentioned issue, we proposed a more proper deep learning network for recognizing industrial waste. In this research work, we use Single Shot Detector (SSD) to recognize and classify industrial waste. Our proposed solution was performed in the TrashNet dataset and Waste Picture dataset. Our proposed solution successfully achieve mAP of 0.8813, accuracy of 0,9795, precision of 0,9985 and recall of 0,9693 in the training process. Whereas, in the testing process we achieve average accuracy of 0,8254. According to those results, we can conclude that our proposed solution is suitable for industrial waste detection and has potential to be implemented as an embedded system for recognizing industrial waste automatically.

Concurrent tellurite reduction, biogenesis of elemental tellurium nanostructures and biological nutrient removal in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor

This study investigated the metabolic potential of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to simultaneously remove tellurium oxyanion (tellurite, TeO32-), COD, ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). AGS readily converted soluble and toxic tellurite to biogenic elemental tellurium (Bio-Te0) by following first-order reaction. Bio-Te0 was dark black in colour and largely entrapped in the granules. Although endogenous substrates acted as source of electrons for tellurite reduction, it was sustained by supplying exogenous electron donor. A lab-sale SBR was seeded with AGS and operated at varied initial tellurite concentrations for 185 days to investigate tellurite reduction and biological nutrient removal (BNR). Stable removal efficiencies of > 98% Te was achieved from simulated wastewater containing 0.01–1 mM tellurite. Soluble tellurite was converted to Bio-Te0 and retained in the AGS. SEM-EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed formation of Bio-Te0 and its association with the granules. Enrichment of Bacteroidia, Petrimonas sp. and several other tellurite-reducing bacteria was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Enrichment of ammonium oxidizing bacteria, elimination of nitrite oxidizing bacteria and profiles of reactive-nitrogen compounds suggested occurrence of nitriation-denitriation pathway. Although ammonium removal was inhibited by tellurite, recovery occurred much quickly in the presence of up to 0.1 mM tellurite. Higher P removal under tellurite-reducing condition was linked to hydroxyapatite precipitation as confirmed by EDS and P-fractionation. Efficient BNR under toxic pollutant conditions and excellent metal(loid) immobilization capabilities implicate prospective use of AGS technology in metal-laden waste management and metal(loid) biorecovery applications.

Impact of waste management and conversion technologies on cost and carbon footprint - Case studies in rural and urban cities

Bioenergy pathways based on waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies are potential solutions to address two major societal challenges: climate change and a lack of sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) diversion solutions. This study identifies and addresses the absence of an integrated decision-making framework that includes upstream operations (collection, separation, and delivery) and energy recovery technologies of the MSW supply chain. Modeling tools are developed for each WTE stage and integrated for the first time under a single cost and carbon footprint assessment framework. This framework is validated using two case studies to capture urban and rural characteristics. The first pathway includes gasification and an Internal Combustion Engine, and the second pathway consists of combustion and an Organic Rankine Cycle. The outcomes of this study show that Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the WTE pathways are slightly higher than fossil-based heating. This difference is explained by two factors. First, upstream logistics (often overlooked) are a major contributor to the net GHG emissions (36% in rural cases), and their emissions would offset the potential credits when replacing the current heating systems with the WTE pathways. Secondly, MSW is not entirely carbon neutral, and when the fossil-based carbon is accounted for, WTE pathways show higher GHG emissions for both rural (12–16%) and urban (17–19%) communities, which confirms that the WTE pathways still require more technology optimization and improvement. However, integrated framework revealed that WTE pathways are economically competent to reduce the current heating cost by up to 36% in rural and 25% in urban communities.

Sustainable conversion of textile industry cotton waste into P-dopped biochar for removal of dyes from textile effluent and valorisation of spent biochar into soil conditioner towards circular economy

Effective immobilization of industrial waste into biochar development could be one of the most promising technologies for solid waste management to achieve circular economy. In this study, post-industrial cotton textile waste (PICTW), a cellulose rich industrial waste, was subjected to slow pyrolysis to develop a surface engineered biochar through phosphoric acid impregnation. Biochar produced at 500 °C designated as PICTWB500 showed a maximum methylene blue number (240 mg g−1) with remarkable specific surface area of 1498 m2 g−1. FESEM, FTIR, XRD and Raman spectra analysis were performed to investigate the surface texture and functionalities developed in the biochar. Adsorption efficiency of the biochar was assessed using drimarene red, blue, violet, and black dyes as model dye pollutants in batch mode at different biochar dose, pH and contact time. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was obtained in the range 285–325 mg g−1 for different dyes, determined from Langmuir adsorption model. The kinetic behaviour was more favourable with the pseudo second-order model. The recycling ability of PICTWB500 was proven to be effective up to 6th cycle without compromising its adsorption efficiency significantly. This study demonstrated an excellent adsorption capability of the biochar in dye laden real textile effluent and recycling of spent biochar as a precursor of bio compost. Hence, this study established a dual win strategy for waste utilization in textile industry using a closed loop approach with substantial techno-economic feasibility that may have potential applications.

"Practices and Challenges of Household Plastic Waste Disposal: An Evaluation of Waste Management System in Kerala "

Plastic Waste Management (PWM) is a significant challenge in every region for local governments / legislatures in emerging nations. Local bodies are facing with the restricted financial policies and deterrents with the assortment of waste, absence of legitimate machinery, use of technology, and sporadic collection by agencies. These snags lead to additional issues, such as littering and illicit unloading in remote and rural regions especially in Kerala. This research attempts to identify the PWM practices by the government on household plastic disposal practices and challenges, by analyzing the study conducted in 203 sample units of households in Kerala. The structured equation modeling technique is used to measure the effectiveness of programme developed by the government to manage households’ plastic disposal practices and challenges. The findings of this study are that the Government of Kerala should invest in effective waste management practices in each district and should try to reduce plastic waste by adapting innovative measures and encouraging sustainable plastic waste management technologies at regional level.