Converting of Cardboard Waste for Bioethanol Production Using Anaerobic ‎Fermentation

Abstract

Many countries are interested in waste management technologies and their use, where these technologies contribute to ‎the disposal of pollutants that affect the environment. As a significant fraction of municipal solid waste, waste ‎paper is a potential source for producing bioethanol. Bioethanol production is a widely studied process for ‎biofuel production, as waste disposal through incineration emits dangerous greenhouse gases (which cause global ‎warming). The current work uses cardboard waste as a raw material for bioethanol synthesis through the physical, ‎chemical, and enzymatic treatments to improve glucose synthesis from cardboard waste by two-stage saccharomyces ‎and fermentation stage, using yeast extract. We relied on Trichoderma is a genus of fungi found in all soils, being the most widely cultured fungi; this fungus is ‎a producer of the cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose into fermented sugar and relies on three different media ‎with a carbon source and a vegetable source. (CMC) carboxymethyl cellulose agar the medium was chosen for the growth of enzyme-dissolving ‎fungi, and then the enzymatic filtrate was taken, which contains a high percentage of sugars about (12 mg/l) in the ‎optimum‏ ‏conditions pH (5.5-6) and temperature 28 °C. The purpose of the research exploitation of cellulose in cardboard and production of ethanol by fermentation process for a period ‎of 5-8 days, satisfactory results have been obtained, consumption of 5g cardboard waste produces 1%, which is equivalent to 20ml ethanol yield.