Technology In Various Sectors Research Articles

Waste-to-Energy technologies for municipal solid waste management: Bibliometric review, life cycle assessment, and energy potential case study

Inadequate municipal solid waste (MSW) management threatens public health and the environment. The waste-to-energy (WtE) route allows the production of electricity, heat, and other valuable chemical products. WtE consists of incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, and some emerging technologies. This study applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a bibliometric analysis of WtE technologies for MSW management research. Scopus-indexed articles were examined between 1971 and 2023. Four periods were determined and analyzed in terms of their most significant results. In addition, the most pertinent journals, Waste Management, Chemosphere, and Waste Management & Research, were ranked first, second, and third, respectively. Moreover, the top contributor countries are one in America (the United States), three in Asia (China, Japan, and India), and five in Europe (Spain, Italy, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Throughout a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) case study, the environmental performance of gasification and incineration as relevant technologies for treating MSW were contrasted. Gasification excelled in seven environmental parameters, suggesting that developing strategies for MSW gasification on a commercial scale should prioritize this aspect. Finally, the energy potential was assessed, which provided valuable information on the societal benefits of WtE technologies in various sectors, such as education, health, and electromobility. Under their respective contexts, stakeholders should enhance MSW sorting policies, pretreatment methods, and emerging valorization options. Increasing global interest in WtE requires a social, environmental, and economic evaluation before implementation.

The role of state regulation in ensuring the "green" transformation of the national economy

Green transformation of the state’s economy is an important aspect of modern economic policy aimed at ensuring sustainable development and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. This process involves a transition from traditional economic models based on fossil fuels and significant consumption of natural resources to more environmentally friendly and energy efficient technologies. Such a transformation helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce environmental pollution, and preserve natural resources for future generations. The use of energy-efficient sources helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels and ensures the stability of energy supply in the long term. In addition, the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in various sectors of the economy allows to significantly reduce energy consumption and costs of its production, which has a positive effect on economic indicators and the ecological situation in the country. The transition to more ecologically clean production processes and technologies, as well as the introduction of electric vehicles and other environmentally safe types of transport, allows to significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. This helps to improve air quality, reduce the level of diseases associated with environmental pollution, and increase the general standard of living of the population. The green transformation of the economy also involves the active participation of the state in the formation of the appropriate regulatory and legal framework and the creation of economic incentives for enterprises and citizens. Tax breaks, subsidies, public investment in green technologies and infrastructure are important tools to support this process. At the same time, increasing public awareness of the importance of environmental responsibility and involving the public in decision-making contributes to the formation of an environmentally conscious society. Thus, the green transformation of the economy is a complex process that requires the efforts of the state, business and civil society. It ensures not only environmental safety, but also sustainable economic development, improving the quality of life of the population, and preserving natural resources for future generations.

Integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in industrial manufacturing processes

The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies into industrial production processes represents a significant evolution. This article explores the impact and benefits of this integration, showing how emerging technologies are revolutionizing traditional production methods. The methodology addresses the fundamental concepts of Industry 4.0, such as device interconnection, real-time data analysis, and intelligent automation, and examines specific technologies incorporated into manufacturing processes, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Additive Manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Augmented Reality (AR). Case studies and practical examples illustrate the implementation of these technologies in various sectors, from precision parts manufacturing to mass production. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are discussed, as well as the future implications for the manufacturing industry. This article offers a view of the role of Industry 4.0 in industrial production processes, highlighting its importance for competitiveness and innovation in the digital world.

FROM INNOVATION TO INCLUSION: AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY'S ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

The intersection between technology and social development has been a subject of interest for researchers and policymakers worldwide. India, with its rapidly growing economy and large population, with a complex social and economic landscape. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the adoption of technology in various sectors, including healthcare, education, agriculture, industry, and governance services. This paper examines the role of technology in promoting social development in India, with a particular focus on the journey from innovation to inclusion. The paper reviews the existing literature on technology and social development in India, identifies key themes and trends, and explores the role of government policies and initiatives in promoting technology-based development in the country. It highlights the challenges and potential drawbacks associated with technology adoption, such as growing inequality and job displacement. The paper also analyses the impact of technology on the social fabric of India, including changes in communication, socialization, and cultural norms. The paper argues that technology can play a transformative role in promoting social development in India, but only if it is implemented inclusively and equitably. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach in which technology is deployed. The paper also underscores the importance of public-private partnerships and collaboration among Stakeholders to ensure that technology is accessible and affordable for all. The paper concludes by suggesting that policymakers should focus on promoting inclusive growth and addressing the digital divide to ensure that the benefits of technological advancements reach all segments of society

Mixed rare earth metals production from surface soil in Idaho, USA: Techno-economic analysis and greenhouse gas emission assessment

Rare earth elements are crucial for the development of cutting-edge technologies in various sectors, such as energy, transportation, and health care. Traditional extraction of rare earth elements from soil and ore deposits primarily involves chemical leaching and solvent extraction. Environmental-based biological rare earth element extraction, such as bioleaching, can be a promising alternative to mitigate pollution and hazardous wastes. We investigated the sustainability aspects (techno-economic and environmental impact) of mixed rare earth metals production from soil in Idaho, USA. We focused on the bioleaching of surface soil using techno-economic analysis and “cradle-to-gate” life cycle assessment. The system boundary included collection, transportation, bioleaching, and molten salt electrolysis. Our results revealed that the mixed rare earth metals (including Nd, Ce, and La) production costs approximately $10,851 per metric ton and generates 1.9 × 106 kg CO2 eq./ton. Our results showed that most emissions are due to energy consumption during bioleaching. Over a 100-year time horizon ultrasound-assisted bioleaching can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 91 % compared to the traditional bioleaching process by decreasing the organic acid leaching process time and energy consumption. Our work demonstrates that higher solids loading in leaching with biological reactions can promote economic feasibility and reduce chemical wastes.

A Comprehensive Machine Learning Framework for Robust Security Management in Cloud-based Internet of Things Systems

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Machine Learning (ML) in fortifying the security of cloudbased Internet of Things (IoT) systems, using a comprehensive security management approach. The methodological approach involved comparing different ML techniques such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Convolutional Neural Networks. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on the accuracy of threat detection in cloud-based IoT systems. The findings revealed that Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrated the highest accuracy rate (98%) in threat detection, thereby significantly enhancing the security of IoT systems. It also identified improvements in threat detection, prevention, response, and system recovery across all ML techniques. Research limitations were primarily the rapidly evolving nature of both ML and IoT technologies, necessitating continual reassessments. The scope was also limited to cloud-based IoT systems, leaving room for further research on other types of IoT systems. The practical implications included improved system security, which could lead to increased trust and wider adoption of IoT technology in various sectors, from healthcare to home security. The social implications entail a safer digital environment, contributing to data privacy and reducing the risk of cyber threats for individuals and communities. The originality of this paper lies in its comprehensive approach to IoT security management using ML, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of different ML techniques in enhancing threat detection accuracy.

Impact of quantum technologies on innovation processes in the global economy

The article examines the impact of quantum technologies on innovation processes in the global economy. It analyzes the critical aspects of integrating quantum technologies in various sectors of the economy, particularly in the financial, health care, production, and IT spheres. Theoretical models and empirical data confirming how quantum technologies can accelerate innovation processes, increase research efficiency, and create new economic opportunities are considered. The article also provides practical recommendations for strategic planning and management of innovation processes in the conditions of the quantum revolution. Special attention is paid to the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and cooperation between business and the state. The author noted that the modern economy is on the threshold of a new era, where quantum technologies play a decisive role, which represents a new class of tools capable of radically changing traditional approaches to data processing, security, and computing. Quantum computers, quantum cryptography and quantum communication open opportunities for the economy that can accelerate the development of new materials, optimize logistics chains and increase the level of data security. At the same time, the article highlights the need to develop global standards in the field of quantum technologies. The results of the research will contribute to a better understanding of the potential of quantum technologies to stimulate innovation and increase the competitiveness of the economy. Keywords: quantum technologies, global economy, innovation processes, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, quantum modeling, quantum communication, economic models, quantum algorithms, cyber security, logistics optimization, risk management, economic growth, financial markets, health care, production, quantum networks, development strategies, digital economy, technological revolution.

A Blockchain-Based Secure Sharing Scheme for Electrical Impedance Tomography Data

Real-time electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data sharing is becoming increasingly necessary, due to the extensive use of EIT technology in various sectors, including material analysis, biomedicine, and industrial process monitoring. The prevalence of portable EIT equipment and remote imaging technology has led to a predominance of centralized storage, Internet protocol transmission, and certificates from certificate authorities (CA) in telemedicine data. This has resulted in compromised data security, network communication delays, high CA maintenance costs, increased risks of medical data privacy breaches, and low security. Therefore, this paper offers a consortia blockchain-based method for exchanging EIT data that addresses security and integrity concerns during data storage and exchange, while maintaining transparency and traceability. Proprietary re-encryption techniques are employed to guarantee traceability when exchanging anonymous data, enabling precise control over data access. This scheme serves to protect both data and identity privacy, as well as to trace the actual identity of potential malicious users, while also thwarting any coordinated efforts between partially trusted parties and data requesters seeking unauthorized access to confidential information. Additionally, a combination of blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) distributed storage technology is utilized to ease the burden of EIT data storage. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution were validated through a series of experiments, demonstrating its ability to effectively prevent data tampering and misuse, reduce data management costs, and enhance the efficiency and quality of data sharing.

Digital Economics in Indonesia: Development and Research Trend

The development of the digital economy in Indonesia is driven by various factors, including the increasing use of technology in various sectors of the economy, the growth of e-commerce and digital payments, and government policies aimed at encouraging the digital economy. This study aims to determine the extent of the development of research on the theme of Digital economy in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the number of research publications related to this topic is 490 journal articles indexed by Dimensions. In the development of research related to Digital economy in Indonesia based on bibliometric keyword mapping, it is divided into 4 clusters with the most used words are technology, industry, economy, government, role, country, community, system, innovation, covid, and service. Based on the keywords that are often used, it can then be grouped into 4 research map clusters with topics that discuss: (1) Application of the Digital Economy in Rural Areas; (2) Competitiveness of MSMEs and Digital Transformation; (3) Economic growth and Digital Economy Development; and (4) Digital Economy and Pandemic Covid-19.

Distributed Ledger Performance Metrics: An Overview

Currently, there is an active use of distributed registry technology in various sectors of the economy by providing transparency, improving tracking of actions within processes, and ensuring trust in open systems. There is a need to evaluate the performance of distributed registries based on measurable indicators. The article presents an overview of distributed registries performance indicators, methods to improve the efficiency and evaluation of distributed registries.

National Security Priorities for a Sustainable Energy Transition

Relevance. Problems of the sustainability of national economic systems continue to remain relevant for a long time. States continue to interact on climate agendas and environmental topics in a tense geopolitical situation. Expanding the implementation of carbon footprint reduction technologies is becoming a prerequisite for partnerships and entry into new international markets for the supply of products and services. National priorities of states today are moving closer together due to the growing climate crisis, which dictates the need to intensify work on the implementation of ESG projects. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of the movement to reduce the carbon footprint and the results of the implementation of declared initiatives within the framework of international agreements. Objectives. The article set and consistently solved the following tasks: a review of the current state of climate change in the environment and the impact of declining environmental quality on the health and longevity of the population was carried out, an assessment was made of the sectoral contribution of various sectors of the economy to the formation and accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, an assessment of modern compensation carbon impact tools. Methodology. The work used methods of logical analysis, content analysis, statistical analysis of data on emissions and inputs, graphical and horizontal analysis, generalization and systematization of data. Results. An assessment of the current state of this problem made it possible to summarize the conclusions and results of research on this topic and to identify the main national priorities related to the implementation of strategies for switching to renewable energy sources. Conclusions. The article provides an overview of the level of implementation of resource-saving technologies in various sectors of the Russian national economy. Conclusions are drawn about the need to continue the environmental modernization of the national economic system and expand interstate cooperation on climate change issues and a sustainable energy transition to resource-saving technologies.

Global adoption of facial recognition technology with special reference to India-Present status and future recommendations.

The face is the most essential part of the human body, and because of its distinctive traits, it is crucial for recognizing people. Facial recognition technology (FRT) is one of the most successful and fascinating technologies of the modern times. The world is moving towards contactless FRT after the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to its contactless biometric characteristics, FRT is becoming quite popular worldwide. Businesses are replacing conventional fingerprint scanners with artificial intelligence-based FRT, opening up enormous commercial prospects. Security and surveillance, authentication/access control systems, digital healthcare, photo retrieval, etc., are some sectors where its use has become essential. In the present communication, we presented the global adoption of FRT, its rising trend in the market, utilization of the technology in various sectors, its challenges and rising concerns with special reference to India and worldwide.

Impact of artificial intelligence on sustainable development in African countries

The African continent continues to be characterized by imbalances in economic development and infrastructure challenges, while the high cost of internet access, skills shortages and technical skills hinder the adoption of artificial intelligence. Large-scale corruption and bureaucracy pose major challenges. Addressing these challenges will enable the development of a quality AI ecosystem and utilize the latest technologies to create new opportunities for the government, businesses and the African population. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of artificial intelligence in the inclusive and sustainable economic growth of African countries, and justify the feasibility of its adoption in their economies and infrastructure. The study of the artificial intelligence market in the countries of the region has shown that there is significant potential in the introduction of such technologies in various sectors of national economies There is unevenness in the readiness of countries for digital transformation and technology adoption due to different levels of investment opportunities of national economies, human potential, government policies on artificial intelligence, political stability and technological development. Based on expert assessments, three scenarios (conservative, confident and pessimistic) of economic development of African economies depending on the level of development of the artificial intelligence market in the region were drawn up. The factors negatively affecting the processes of digital transformation were identified; the directions of using artificial intelligence technologies to solve global problems and achieve inclusive and sustainable economic growth of the African continent were substantiated.

Transition of Uzbekistan to Sustainable Environmental Development

Environmental issues are high on the global agenda. They play an increasingly important role in the development and implementation of national and regional plans. The article examines the key aspects of the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to sustainable environmental development based on the concept of a green economy. It discusses such important areas as energy efficiency, resource use, waste management, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in various sectors of the economy. Secondary data analysis techniques are used. The results of the work may be useful for the development of policies and programs aimed at ensuring sustainable growth and environmental protection in Uzbekistan and other countries with similar conditions.

GreenTech technologies for sustainability of the national economy

The sustainability of national economic systems continues to be a longstanding issue. States continue to interact on climate agendas and environmental topics in a tense geopolitical situation. The expansion and implementation of GreenTech technologies is becoming a prerequisite for partnerships and entry into new international markets for the supply of products and services. The article provides an overview of the level of implementation of green technologies in various sectors of Russia's national economy. Conclusions are drawn on the need to continue ecological modernization of the national economic system and to expand interstate cooperation on climate change issues.

NON-FINANCIAL LEVERS FOR ENSURING THE EFFICIENT USE OF PERMANENT WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL ADAPTATION OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Topicality. The current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by the large-scale implementation of digital technologies in various sectors and types of economic activity. Digital innovation, being a fundamental driving force of systemic transformations in the economy, not only leads to the emergence of new products and services, but also creates opportunities for the implementation of innovative business models, can contribute to a significant increase in efficiency in both the public and private sectors. In the process of implementing digital technologies, domestic business structures get the opportunity to make fundamental changes to business methods, test new technologies in practice, and ultimately increase productivity. However, in business practice, they may face barriers to the implementation of such technologies due to the widespread lack of financial and human resources and the need to support the digital transformation process. This means that the bodies responsible for the development and implementation of economic policy in the state should play an important role in creating a favorable environment for such business structures, which will allow them to start their digital transformation. The above requires the development and implementation of certain mechanisms and levers to support such transformations.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations on ways to expand the possibilities of using non-financial levers to ensure the effective digital transformation of Ukraine.
 Materials and Methods. The theoretical basis of this scientific work consists of the best practices of state and non-state support for digital adaptation of business processes of the real sector of the economy, which are given in works of a theoretical and practical nature. To carry out this scientific work and achieve the set goal, the article uses methods of graphic interpretation of the results of analysis and generalization, methods of monographic analysis, and synthesis.Research results. As a result of the research, it was established that the current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by the large-scale implementation of digital technologies in various sectors and types of economic activity. It is noted that digital innovations, being the fundamental driving force of systemic transformations in the economy, not only lead to the emergence of new products and services, but also create opportunities for the implementation of innovative business models, can contribute to a significant increase in efficiency in both the public and private sectors. It is substantiated that in the process of implementing digital technologies, domestic business structures get the opportunity to make fundamental changes to business methods, test new technologies in practice, and ultimately increase productivity. Non-financial incentives for digital adaptation of business processes in the real sector of the economy have been identified. It was concluded that not all entrepreneurs have sufficient skills and knowledge in the field of digitalization, which may limit their opportunities for effective business. It has been established that some of the adopted legislative acts, strategic programs and initiatives are already morally outdated or have lost their relevance and require updating in accordance with the global challenges and opportunities of the digital economy. It was concluded that it is important to create uniform rules of the game for digital innovation by adopting relevant international technical standards for digital equipment and digital services. The need to create institutions and procedures aimed at solving digital security problems, preparing for protection against cyber-attacks, fighting cybercrime, and increasing general trust of the population in digital ecosystems, which is the basis of the digital economy, is substantiated. It has been proven that an important aspect of the introduction of digital technologies is the formation of society's motivation to use digital technologies, which largely depends on the availability of digital technologies, the development and functioning of infrastructure, the implementation of state programs and platforms for the digitalization of all spheres of social and economic life. Reasonable non-financial levers for ensuring effective digital adaptation of business processes in the real sector of the economy. Proposed directions for expanding the possibilities of using non-financial levers to ensure the effective digital transformation of Ukraine.
 Conclusion. The above made it possible to form a number of recommendations to the bodies responsible for the development and implementation of economic policy, regarding the expansion of the possibilities of using various tools to ensure effective digital adaptation of business processes of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФОКУС ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ

This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the modern Russian economy. The active use of artificial intelligence increases efficiency and competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates the creation of new technologies, improves product quality and increases production volumes. Artificial intelligence is forming a new driving force contributing to the development of Russia. The article also discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in various sectors of the economy. The high cost of implementing the technology is a major barrier to the use of artificial intelligence. The definition of artificial intelligence in the broadest sense is considered as a set of technologies for processing various types of data and information, in particular, technologies capable of interpreting this data, extracting knowledge and using it to achieve specific goals.

Deploying SMS Gateway in the Design and Development of Web and Mobile Academic Information Systems using the Waterfall Method

: The integration of technology in various sectors, beyond its common application in the gaming industry, has extended to the field of education. This evolution mandates parallel progress in academic institutions to keep pace with technological developments. A significant challenge identified was the reliance on manual accounting methods at SMAN 1 Kejobong, which includes teacher management, staff, and assistant administration, as well as processing student learning data. Outdated practices often lead to inaccuracies and inefficiencies, resulting in time-consuming data collection and potential losses for all stakeholders. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to implement a comprehensive information system or e-learning platform. However, the implementation of e-learning in educational institutions often encounters obstacles due to user discomfort or incompatibility with the institution's needs. This study validated all system features through Black box Testing and user satisfaction assessments, resulting in an average satisfaction level of 73.7%. The expected outcome is increased efficiency and accuracy in academic processes and student management, thereby facilitating a more effective learning and teaching environment.

Policy Design for Diffusing Hydrogen Economy and Its Impact on the Japanese Economy for Carbon Neutrality by 2050: Analysis Using the E3ME-FTT Model

To achieve carbon neutrality in Japan by 2050, renewable energy needs to be used as the main energy source. Based on the constraints of various renewable energies, the importance of hydrogen cannot be ignored. This study aimed to investigate the diffusion of hydrogen demand technologies in various sectors and used projections and assumptions to investigate the hydrogen supply side. By performing simulations with the E3ME-FTT model and comparing various policy scenarios with the reference scenario, the economic and environmental impacts of the policy scenarios for hydrogen diffusion were analyzed. Moreover, the impact of realizing carbon neutrality by 2050 on the Japanese economy was evaluated. Our results revealed that large-scale decarbonization via hydrogen diffusion is possible (90% decrease of CO2 emissions in 2050 compared to the reference) without the loss of economic activity. Additionally, investments in new hydrogen-based and other low-carbon technologies in the power sector, freight road transport, and iron and steel industry can improve the gross domestic product (1.6% increase in 2050 compared to the reference), as they invoke economic activity and require additional employment (0.6% increase in 2050 compared to the reference). Most of the employment gains are related to decarbonizing the power sector and scaling up the hydrogen supply sector, while a lot of job losses can be expected in the mining and fossil fuel industries.

THE RISE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY ADOPTION IN PAKISTAN: THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE

This article explores the rise of cryptocurrency adoption in Pakistan and examines the promising future that lies ahead for this emerging digital asset class in the country. Pakistan, with its cash-centric economy and limited access to formal financial services for a significant portion of its population, has witnessed a remarkable shift in attitudes toward cryptocurrencies. Factors such as financial inclusion efforts, economic instability, and supportive government policies have contributed to this growing interest. The younger generation, in particular, is embracing digital currencies as a means of participating in the global economy and preserving their wealth in the face of inflation. The establishment of crypto exchanges and supporting infrastructure, along with educational initiatives and awareness programs, has further facilitated cryptocurrency adoption. The government's positive approach and efforts to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework have instilled confidence and encouraged individuals and businesses to explore the opportunities presented by cryptocurrencies. Moreover, partnerships with global crypto projects and the potential applications of blockchain technology in various sectors have contributed to Pakistan's promising future in the cryptocurrency space. As more individuals and businesses embrace cryptocurrencies, Pakistan is poised to leverage the benefits of this transformative technology, fostering financial inclusion, economic growth, and technological innovation in the years to come. Cryptocurrencies have garnered significant attention and adoption worldwide, and Pakistan is no exception. In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed a growing interest in cryptocurrencies, with an increasing number of individuals and businesses embracing this digital financial revolution. This article explores the factors contributing to the rise of cryptocurrency adoption in Pakistan and examines the promising future that lies ahead.