Molecular Genetic Engineering Research Articles

Intact Drosophila central nervous system cellular quantitation reveals sexual dimorphism.

Establishing with precision the quantity and identity of the cell types of the brain is a prerequisite for a detailed compendium of gene and protein expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, however, strict quantitation of cell numbers has been achieved only for the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we describe the development of a synergistic pipeline of molecular genetic, imaging, and computational technologies designed to allow high-throughput, precise quantitation with cellular resolution of reporters of gene expression in intact whole tissues with complex cellular constitutions such as the brain. We have deployed the approach to determine with exactitude the number of functional neurons and glia in the entire intact larval Drosophila CNS, revealing fewer neurons and more glial cells than previously predicted. We also discover an unexpected divergence between the sexes at this juvenile developmental stage, with the female CNS having significantly more neurons than that of males. Topological analysis of our data establishes that this sexual dimorphism extends to deeper features of CNS organisation. We additionally extended our analysis to quantitate the expression of voltage-gated potassium channel family genes throughout the CNS and uncover substantial differences in abundance. Our methodology enables robust and accurate quantification of the number and positioning of cells within intact organs, facilitating sophisticated analysis of cellular identity, diversity, and gene expression characteristics.

Clinical Experience With Non-invasive Prenatal Screening for Single-Gene Disorders

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022;59:33–39) First described in 1997, the presence of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has been increasingly used in the last decade for cell-free DNA (cfDNA)–based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) thanks to advances in molecular genetic technology. This method, now commonly used in the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, can test for a variety of conditions.

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A diagnostic odyssey

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A diagnostic odyssey

Environmental DNA analysis for macro-organisms: species distribution and more.

In an era of severe biodiversity loss, biological monitoring is becoming increasingly essential. The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a new approach that could revolutionize the biological monitoring of aquatic ecosystems. Over the past decade, macro-organismal eDNA analysis has undergone significant developments and is rapidly becoming established as the golden standard for non-destructive and non-invasive biological monitoring. In this review, I summarize the development of macro-organismal eDNA analysis to date and the techniques used in this field. I also discuss the future perspective of these analytical methods in combination with sophisticated analytical techniques for DNA research developed in the fields of molecular biology and molecular genetics, including genomics, epigenomics, and single-cell technologies. eDNA analysis, which to date has been used primarily for determining the distribution of organisms, is expected to develop into a tool for elucidating the physiological state and behaviour of organisms. The fusion of microbiology and macrobiology through an amalgamation of these technologies is anticipated to lead to the future development of an integrated biology.

Abiotic Stresses in Plants and Their Markers: A Practice View of Plant Stress Responses and Programmed Cell Death Mechanisms.

Understanding how plants cope with stress and the intricate mechanisms thereby used to adapt and survive environmental imbalances comprise one of the most powerful tools for modern agriculture. Interdisciplinary studies suggest that knowledge in how plants perceive, transduce and respond to abiotic stresses are a meaningful way to design engineered crops since the manipulation of basic characteristics leads to physiological remodeling for plant adaption to different environments. Herein, we discussed the main pathways involved in stress-sensing, signal transduction and plant adaption, highlighting biochemical, physiological and genetic events involved in abiotic stress responses. Finally, we have proposed a list of practice markers for studying plant responses to multiple stresses, highlighting how plant molecular biology, phenotyping and genetic engineering interconnect for creating superior crops.

Development of molecular genetic technologies in Pavlov University: 20 years history and achievements

21 years have passed since the signing of the order on the establishment of the Department of Molecular Genetic Technologies of the Scientific Research Center (order № 118 was signed by Academic N. A. Yaitsky on June 5, 2001) and 20 years have passed since the beginning of the Department's activities. The leading scientist in the field of molecular medicine, Professor Evgeny Iosifovich Schwartz, not only headed the Department, but also brought there his team — the team of the Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute». The team was the first in the country to use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to diagnose human hereditary diseases, and at that time had experience both in mapping mutational damage in monogenic human diseases and in its research in the field of multifactorial pathology. The department creation marked the beginning of molecular genetic technologies at the University and became the basis for fundamental scientific researches and the development of modern methods of molecular genetics. The review describes the history of Department and its main achievements.

Selection for increasing milk production of cattle: the value of genetic predictor markers

Russian dairy cattle breeding, developing in line with global trends, is based on the breeding of highly productive livestock, including the use of biotechnology for the transfer of embryos obtained from genetically valuable heifers and donor cows. From 2014 to 2020, Russian agricultural enterprises produced more than 90 thousand in vivo and in vitro cattle embryos with variations of the growth of their annual number in the range from 195 to 26762 pcs. (embryos in vitro), from 2746 to 14098 pcs. (embryos in vivo). Since keeping animals that do not have high productivity is economically unprofitable, it is necessary to exclude unproductive individuals from production. As a result, it is important to predict the highest milk production (proteins, fat, milk yield) of pre-implantation embryos obtained in veterinary practice for the purposes of embryo transfer, as well as in calves in the first weeks of their life after birth in high-yielding cows. There is a growing interest in the use of genetic markers to predict heritable traits of milk production. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of molecular genetic technologies, aimed at a deeper study of mammalian genes, new types of data are being discovered, in particular, data on functional gene mutations mediated by the mechanism of alternative splicing. Currently, a new direction of research of cattle has been outlined to study functional mutations (alternative splicing defects) that favorably or adversely affect phenotypes, including the milk production of cattle. The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge about the predictive value of molecular markers developed based on information about functional mutations in the milk production predictor genes GHR (growth receptor gene), LEPR (leptin receptor gene) and PRLR (prolactin receptor gene). These potentially important markers are shown to be promising for use in breeding aimed at increasing the productivity of dairy cattle.

Realizing the Potential of Camelina sativa as a Bioenergy Crop for a Changing Global Climate.

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. is an annual oilseed crop within the Brassicaceae family. C. sativa has been grown since as early as 4000 BCE. In recent years, C. sativa received increased attention as a climate-resilient oilseed, seed meal, and biofuel (biodiesel and renewable or green diesel) crop. This renewed interest is reflected in the rapid rise in the number of peer-reviewed publications (>2300) containing “camelina” from 1997 to 2021. An overview of the origins of this ancient crop and its genetic diversity and its yield potential under hot and dry growing conditions is provided. The major biotic barriers that limit C. sativa production are summarized, including weed control, insect pests, and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Ecosystem services provided by C. sativa are also discussed. The profiles of seed oil and fatty acid composition and the many uses of seed meal and oil are discussed, including food, fodder, fuel, industrial, and medical benefits. Lastly, we outline strategies for improving this important and versatile crop to enhance its production globally in the face of a rapidly changing climate using molecular breeding, rhizosphere microbiota, genetic engineering, and genome editing approaches.

Myths and Realities about Genetically Modified Food: A Risk-Benefit Analysis

The development and consumption of genetically modified (GM) crops are surrounded by controversy. According to proponents, only molecular biology approaches and genetic engineering tools are realistic food shortage solutions for the world’s ever-growing population. The main purpose of this study is to review the impact of GM products on human, animal, and environmental health. People still reject GM crops not only because of safety concerns, but also for moral reasons. Toxicity, allergies, and possible horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to the environment or to other species have been associated with the marketing of GM products. Moreover, the scarce data available about the long-term implications of using GM crops is another opponent concern. Nevertheless, science has evidenced no harm from GM crops use to date but has, instead, reported several benefits that result from their commercialization, such as economic, environmental, and health benefits for the general public. Legislation and policies about GM product labeling standards are being discussed. To overcome emerging food security challenges, considering quality scientific information is essential rather than leaving the issue and merely moving toward moral discussion. Hence, a risk–benefit analysis is necessary.

Epidemiology of rare diseases in Brazil: protocol of the Brazilian Rare Diseases Network (RARAS-BRDN)

The Brazilian Policy of Comprehensive Care for People with Rare Diseases (BPCCPRD) was established by the Ministry of Health to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life of people with rare diseases (RD). Several laboratory tests, most using molecular genetic technologies, have been incorporated by the Brazilian Public Health System, and 18 specialised centres have so far been established at university hospitals (UH) in the capitals of the Southern, Southeastern and Northeastern regions. However, whether the available human and technological resources in these services are appropriate and sufficient to achieve the goals of care established by the BPCCPRD is unknown. Despite great advances in diagnosis, especially due to new technologies and the recent structuring of clinical assessment of RD in Brazil, epidemiological data are lacking and when available, restricted to specific disorders. This position paper summarises the performance of a nationally representative survey on epidemiology, clinical status, and diagnostic and therapeutic resources employed for individuals with genetic and non-genetic RD in Brazil. The Brazilian Rare Disease Network (BRDN) is under development, comprising 40 institutions, including 18 UH, 17 Rare Diseases Reference Services and five Newborn Screening Reference Services. A retrospective study will be initially conducted, followed by a prospective study. The data collection instrument will use a standard protocol with sociodemographic data and clinical and diagnostic aspects according to international ontology. This great collaborative network is the first initiative of a large epidemiological data collection of RD in Latin America, and the results will increase the knowledge of RD in Brazil and help health managers to improve national public policy on RD in Brazil.

Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

One of the adaptations of nematodes, which allows long-term survival in the host, is the production of proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The parasites secrete numerous homologs of human immune mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a substantial regulator of the inflammatory immune response. Homologs of mammalian MIF have been recognized in many species of nematode parasites, but their role has not been fully understood. The application of molecular biology and genetic engineering methods, including the production of recombinant proteins, has enabled better characterization of their structure and properties. This review provides insight into the current state of knowledge on MIF homologs produced by nematodes, as well as their structure, enzymatic activity, tissue expression pattern, impact on the host immune system, and potential use in the treatment of parasitic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.

GENETICS OF PARANOIDPERSONALITYDISORDER

Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is characterized by the following leading features: excessive sensitivity to failures and refusals; inclination to persistently endure even minor insults and injuries or slights, refusing to forgive them; suspicion and distortion of facts, interpretation of friendly or neutral actions of other people as hostile or contemptuous; unjustified suspicions of sexual infidelity of a partner; unfounded concern about the imaginary conspiracy of events both in relation to himself and around the world; feeling of one's own usually exaggerated significance; unfounded militant defense of their personal rights. The prevalence of PPD is 2.3-4.4% and is more often diagnosed in men. Heritability of PPD varies from 28% to 66%.
 By now various authors have described 16 genes associated with the development of PPD: SLC6A4, COMT, CACNA1C, NOS1AP, DYNC1I1 and 11 genes of mitochondrial complex 1. The SLC6A4 gene (17q11.2) encodes a reverse serotonin transporter. A slight deletion in the promoter of this gene reduces its activity and can minimize the expression of paranoid traits. The product of the COMT gene (22q11.21) is actively involved in dopamine metabolism. A G-to-A transition atcodon 158 of this gene increases its activity by 3-4 times and, as a consequence, decreases dopamine expression in the prefrontal cortex, which causes paranoid symptoms of personality disorders. The CACNA1C gene (12p13.33) encodes a protein that plays an important role in the formation and activity of brain neurons. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs1006737, located in the 3rd intron of this gene, is associated with PPD, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
 Mitochondrial complex 1 and cellular bioenergetic pathways play a significant role in the etiology and features of PPD and schizophrenia. Significant changes in expression of 11 genes were detected in patients with PPD compared to the control sample. Expression of genes NDUFS1 (2q33.3), NDUFV1 (11q13.2), NDUFV2 (18p11.22), NDUFB5 (3q26.33), NDUFB9 (8q24.13), NDUFA13(19p13.11), NDUFA8 (9q33. 2) and NDUFA5 (7q31.32) was increased, and the genes NDUFB11 (Xp11.3), NDUFS7 (19p13.3) and NDUFS8 (11q13.2) were decreased. The NDUFS1 gene expression was particularly high. None of the sevenmitochondrial genes showed a change in expression,which may reduce the importance of a maternal patternin the heritance of PPD.The results of the study showed that the NDUFS1 gene may be a specific marker for PPD.
 In the presence of relevant genetic factors certain environmental conditions can provoke the development of PPD. It is possible to predict PPD on the presence of NOS1AP (1q23.3) gene polymorphisms and childhood abuse. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the functioning of brain synapses. There is shown that emotional violence and SNPs rs348624 and rs4145621, located respectively in the 9th exon and 3rd intron of the NOS1AP gene, reliably predict PPD.
 In addition to described above 16 genes, whose variants are reliably involved in PPD, various researchers have identified at least 8 other genes that are likely to be associated with PPD, although they have been identified in the study of other mental disorders, mainly schizophrenia.
 A review of available scientific sources on PPD genetics shows that research of this problem isin its beginning. It is necessary to expand and deepen these studies on the basis of the most modern molecular genetic technologies, one of which is the genome-wide associations study. This technology makes it possible not only to detect candidate genes, but also to determine the nature of mutations that cause hereditary disease. Such mutations can be single nucleotide polymorphisms, small insertions / deletions and changes in the number of copies. In addition, they can be located not only within genes (in exons and introns), but also in intergenic regions of DNA. Gene expression can be affected not only by mutations within its exons, but also by mutations within its introns and intergenic DNA regions.

НОВІ ФЕНО-ГЕНОТИПІЧНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ДІАГНОСТИЦІ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ

NEW PHENO-GENOTYPIC TECHNOLOGIES IN DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS O. A. Zhurilo, A. I. Barbova, L. M. Sladkova Abstract Widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global problem and can have a negative impact on the global tuberculosis situation. Rapid diagnosis of the disease and early initiation of effective treatment based on the selection of personalized chemotherapy regimens are the basis for preventing the spread of tuberculosis. Microbiological methods which can justify the etiology of the process and determine the drug susceptibiliity of the pathogen are of particular importance for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The review is focused on current methods of microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, including classical microbiological (diagnostic microscopy; solid and liquid media cultures) and modern molecular genetic tests (DNA strips; GeneXpert; multiplex PCR and other). The article presents data on modern methods of bacteriological and molecular genetic diagnosis of tuberculosis, their effectiveness and role in verifying the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The effectiveness of their integrated use to improve the quality of research and rapid detection of patients with M. tuberculosis has been proven. The place of the described methods in the diagnostic algorithm of tuberculosis laboratories is estimated. Further prospects for the diagnosis of tuberculosis associated with the use of new technologies are considered. The information on the current state of microbiological diagnostics of tuberculosis is generalized, the importance of development and introduction of the latest technologies in the diagnostic process is emphasized. Key words: tuberculosis, mycobacteria tuberculosis, drug resistance, methods of bacteriological diagnostics, molecular genetic technologies, PCR, sequencing.

Chronicle of the VIII Conference of Young Scientists on Molecular Biology and Genetic Technologies at the Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (October 11-14, 2022, St. Petersburg): section “Molecular microbiology and protistology”

Chronicle of the VIII Conference of Young Scientists on Molecular Biology and Genetic Technologies at the Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (October 11-14, 2022, St. Petersburg): section “Molecular microbiology and protistology”

Genome Editing Technologies for Efficient Use of Plant Genetic Resources

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) are the basis for food and nutritional security, and enhanced utilization of these resources is of paramount importance for genetic improvement of crops. Till date the use of PGRs has been limited in conventional breeding programmes for developing widely adapted crop varieties. In the recent past, genome-wide association studies, genomics and functional genomics approaches using diverse germplasm accessions have facilitated discovery of novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs), genes and alleles associated with useful agronomic traits for use in crop improvement through molecular breeding and genetic engineering. More recently, genome editing has emerged as a new plant breeding technology with great potential for enhancing the use of PGRs, for addressing the challenges of climate change, malnutrition, environmental security, achieving SDGs by 2030, and to sustainably feed 10 billion people by 2050. In this article, an attempt has been made to highlight the use of CRISPR-based genome editing technologies for crop improvement through the use of PGRs.

Research Progress on Waterlogging Tolerance of <i>Cucurbit</i> Crops

As one of the most frequent natural disasters in China, flooding seriously affected the plant growth and development, decreased the yield and quality of  Cucurbit crops seriously, and thus led to huge economic losses. Here, we reviewed the effects of waterlogging stress on root growth, respiration, leaf photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species metabolism in  Cucurbit  crops. In order to response to waterlogging, the plants promote the formation of adventitious roots mediated by ethylene, lower the aerobic respiration, and induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the synthesis of antioxidant substances. Moreover, we summarized the identification indexes of waterlogging tolerance such as the loss rate of chlorophyll. In addition, we reviewed the progress of genetic breeding for waterlogging tolerant cultivars from three aspects, including traditional breeding, molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic engineering breeding. Besides, we highlighted the future research direction. The purpose of this review was to understand the mechanism of waterlogging tolerance and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of waterlogging resistant cultivars in  Cucurbit  plants.

Influence of intestinal microbiota on the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in children

Particular attention is paid to atopic dermatitis (AD) as one of the earliest and most frequent clinical manifestations of allergy in children. AD is a multifactorial disease, the development of which is closely related to genetic defects in the immune response and adverse environmental influences. It was found that the action of these factors determines the rate of development of AD, especially in young children. One of these factors is a violation of the intestinal microbiota, which plays an essential role in the development of the child's immune system and has a protective effect in the formation of atopy. It has been shown that 80-95% of patients with AD have intestinal dysbiosis, while, along with a deficiency of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, there is an excessive growth of Staphilococcus.
 The use of modern molecular genetics technologies made it possible to obtain a fairly complete understanding of the number, genetic heterogeneity and complexity of the bacterial components of the intestinal microbiota, while clinical studies have shown the importance of its interactions with the host organism in the formation of various forms of pathology. It has been established that the human intestinal microbiota is an evolutionary set of microorganisms that exists as a balanced microecological system in which the symbiotic microflora is in dynamic equilibrium, forms microbial associations that occupy a certain ecological niche in it, and is one of the most important factors affecting human health.
 The gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, which causes immunosuppression, but the exact mechanism of its action is still unclear. It is widely known that probiotics act on the immune system. These are living microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects that stimulate Th1 cytokines and suppress Th2 responses, which are being investigated for the treatment of several diseases. The most commonly used probiotics are part of the intestinal microflora such as lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and enterococci.
 The purpose of this article: to systematize the information available today on the influence of the composition of the intestinal microflora on the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Biologisation of production and technological processes in nursery farming

We conducted a retrospective analysis of national scientific and technological advances by technological design to manifest the demand for organisation processes remodelling towards the methods and approaches of the sixth design, especially in biotechnology. The article defines terms such as nursery, biologisation, promising technology and resource conservation. We analyse the fruit crop seedling production and structure of nursery-specific processes. We determine the main agrocenotic components most susceptible to chemical and technogenic impacts. Studies of soil fertility and biota prioritised the challenge of declined soil activity and biogenicity. We establish that an increased chemical pressure on fruit nursery agrocenoses leads to disturbances in benign microflora, microbiotic, acaro- and entomosystems, alters plant infection pathways and immune status. We report destructive manifestations of microbiotic, entomo- and acarosystems in agrocenoses via the emergence of new pathogenic fungal species, root rotting agents, vascular system necroses (tracheomycoses), resistant typically dominant pathogen strains, higher pathogenicity, the expansion of species list and ranges of bacterial communities, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids, a more aggressive invasion of new pests, including stem pathogens, emerging hazardous adaptations in economically impactive phytophages. Furthermore, we consider the scientific and practical issues in fruit crop reproduction: sweeping off forms (genotypes) from selection, changes in infection pathways in candidate parental plants, reduced “plant — external environment” adaptation, impaired plant immunity under climatic and anthropogenic stress, selection of candidates with a higher production value under environmental stress burden, reduction of best-quality planting stock, seedling root system retardation, massive crown invasion with fungal and bacterial agents, inadequacy of trait databasing for promising varieties and genotyping techniques. The priority role of agrocenotic biologisation in sustainable fruit nursery is substantiated through adopting modern approaches, especially in biotechnology, based on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering.

RhD-induced immunogenetic disparity between mother and fetus: medical importance and economic effect of using molecular genetic technology

Introduction. Here we discuss the problem of timely diagnostics and prevention of Rh-immunization of pregnant women as well as fetal hemolytic disease, which remains currently relevant, despite the existence of proven diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive methods.Aim: to assess the medico-economic efficiency of non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of using fetal Rh factor (rhesus D antigen, RhD) in maternal blood – a fetal RhD-genotyping.Materials and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze determining fetal Rh-factor in the blood samples from 4109 Rh-negative pregnant women observed in the 41 medical facilities of the Ulyanovsk region in the years 2018–2020. The fetal RhD level was determined by polymerase chain reaction at gestational age of ≥ 10 weeks. To assess testrelated medical effectiveness, there were examined sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative data as well as diagnostic accuracy. The data collected during the study were compared with those obtained after delivery. To assess the economic efficiency, the difference between the cost of immunization and the cost of determining the fetal Rh factor level was determined.Results. A positive and negative fetal Rh-factor was detected in 67.26 % (n = 2793) and 32.74 % (n = 1316) cases, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the test system "Test-RhD" was 99.40 %, sensitivity – 99.84 %, specificity – 97.51 %, the prognostic value of a positive result was 99.43 %, the predictive value of a negative result – 99.28 % with low rate of false positive and false negative data. It was shown that our study allows to avoid unnecessary immunization costs for all Rh-negative pregnant women.Conclusion. Analysis of the diagnostic characteristics and cost-effectiveness of the RhD test evidences about high medical significance of the method described and allows to recommend its wider application.

DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS IN UKRAINE – CURRENT STATE

Scientific achievement in molecular biology and genetic engineering have made it possible to create new methods of selection k that are based on genome modification. Todays, more and more genetically modified plants are being intensively tested in the field, but their influence has not yet been fully studied on the environment, biodiversity, human health, and the animal body.
 The article analyzes the results of research on the presence of GM ingredients in plant raw materials, processed products, feed for productive and unproductive animals, etc. for the period 2019-2020. Studies on the presence of GMOs were performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction in real-time (PCR-RT), according to DSTU ISO 21569: 2008 (ISO 21569: 2005, IDT), DSTU ISO 21571: 2008 (ISO 21571: 2005, IDT).
 In 2019, 1134 samples were tested and the most positive were found in rapeseed and soybeans. In the study of rapeseed (31 samples) the number of positive samples was 6.5 %, in them were the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pat gene. In the study of soybeans (15 samples), the number of positive samples was 6.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
 In 2020, 1215 samples were tested and was found positive samples in samples of rapeseed, soybeans and feed for productive animals. In the study of rapeseed (27 samples) the number of positive samples was 7.4 %, in them were detected the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and genes Pat and EPSPs. In the study of soybeans (6 samples), the number of positive samples was 16.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the terminator NOS (T-NOS) T of the plasmid Agrobacterium. In the study of feed for poultry (6 samples) the number of positive was 16.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.