Waste Disposal Technologies Research Articles

The Role of Green Risk Management Approaches in Promoting Green and Sustainable Supply Chain Management

This study assesses how advanced technologies like AI, blockchain, and big data facilitate green risk management in the automotive and electronics industries in the EU. When applied to environmental risk assessment, green purchasing, and eco-design activities, these technologies will optimize Economies of Scale (EoS) and contribute to advancing GSSCM in companies. This review uses systematic literature review and thematic analysis and focuses on using various peer-reviewed sources to understand how these technologies support GSSCM and also reveal gaps and challenges such as the integration of innovative waste disposal technologies and sustainable partnership schemes. Research proves that actual assessment of environmental risk is possible through the implementation of AI in risk assessment; On the other hand, blockchain makes sustainable procurement and reverse logistics more transparent. Thus, some problems like high costs, limited time, and problems with the alignment of stakeholder goals remain. It is recommended that these gaps be overcome by innovating, partnering with industries, and implementing policies that can further improve the position of information systems as the foundation of GSSCM. Thus, policymakers have been urged to explore options like grants or subsidies in an attempt to promote the adoption of these technologies as a way of creating a circular economy. Consequently, this research offers insights that may be beneficial for industry managers and policymakers seeking to improve sustainability within the EU automotive and electronics sectors.

Обоснование конструктивно-технологической схемы машины для подбора и измельчения срезанных ветвей плодовых насаждений в террасном садоводстве

The experience of using machines for selecting and chopping cut branches in lowland intensive gardening has shown that chopping cut branches with embedding the resulting chips into the soil and scattering them on the soil surface can increase the fertility of the soil cover in the rows of the garden. However, the most rational technology for waste disposal in terrace gardening is the selection and chopping of cut branches with transportation of the crushed biomass of the branches to the trunk strips of fruit plantings. To solve this problem, a new design and technological scheme of the machine is proposed. Keywords: TERRACE GARDENING, FRUIT PLANTINGS, PRUNING, CUT BRANCHES, SELECTION, GRINDING, TRANSPORTATION, TRUNK STRIP

Integration of Acoustic Metamaterials Made of Plastic to Improve Building Acoustics

According to the Waste Management Policy of the European Union, the recycling and reuse of various wastes is considered the most environmentally friendly and advanced waste disposal technology that has the least impact on the environment. By applying the principles of the Circular Economy, plastic waste will extend its life cycle and will be used as secondary materials to create metamaterial structures with improved sound absorption and insulation properties. Acoustic metamaterial resonators, created from plastic, were measured in an impedance tube according to standards ISO 10534-2 for their sound absorbing and ASTM E2611 for their insulating properties. Two types of plastic, PLA and recycled PET-G, were used in acoustic metamaterial 3D printing process. Sound absorption of both PLA and PET-G metamaterials were peaking at 1600 Hz with 0,93 and 0,89 sound absorption coefficient, respectfully. For sound insulation, combined resonator systems were used to control symmetrical wall sound resonance. The aim of this study was to determine plastic potential for use in acoustic structures. The results showed that combined constructions with plastic metamaterials can be integrated into building structures and used as an alternative for improving building acoustics, reducing indoor noise and reverberation time.

Inside the Disposal Box: A Study on Biomedical Waste Awareness Among Aspiring Dental Professionals

Background: Biomedical waste management across India has become a growing concern for dentists. This study investigates biomedical waste management knowledge in the context of dental education. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, compliance and understanding levels of dental students regarding the processing and disposal of biomedical waste.Methods: This study was conducted among students and interns of a rural dental college in Maharashtra, India. A pre-designed survey was administered to dental students in various academic years. Investigations include waste classification, segregation, disposal technologies, safety procedures, and environmental impacts associated with biomedical waste.Results: A total of 150 students participated. The male/female ratio is 1:1.31. On average, 88% and 12% of students have correct and incorrect information about biomedical waste.Conclusion: The results of this study can form the basis for the development of educational strategies and interventions to raise awareness and ensure responsible biomedical waste management in medical education, dentistry, and medical facilities.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 02 Apr’24 Page: 198-202

A novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making for enhancing the management of medical waste generated during the coronavirus pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic significantly increased the use of essential medical supplies, resulting in a surge in medical waste generation. This surge has spurred extensive research into sustainable disposal methods for safe and environmentally responsible medical equipment management. Addressing this multifaceted issue falls within the domain of multi-criteria decision-making. This study presents a comprehensive framework for selecting optimal medical waste treatment methods, considering economic, technological, environmental, and social factors. This is the first study to address the problem of selecting a medical waste disposal technology using the Fuzzy Dombi Bonferroni. The mean operator to combine expert opinions, the fuzzy preference selection index method to evaluate the criteria and the fuzzy compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution method to rank the alternatives. According to the weightings, the social dimension holds the highest significance at 0.3217. Disinfection efficiency ranks as the most critical criterion, weighing in at 0.0823. The autoclave is rated as the top disposal technique, with a utility function value of 5.4579. Sensitivity analyses ensured the stability and reliability of the models. The adaptability of the applied model to sustainable practices such as energy conversion, material recycling, and resource recovery represents an essential aspect of policymaking in waste management. This assessment can guide policy formulation or improvement processes for waste disposal.

Design of experiments to evaluate pH and temperature parameters with different inoculums in domestic biodigester

The comprehensive management of organic urban solid waste is a concern due to its direct and indirect impact on the environment. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has been recognized as an alternative and environmentally friendly technology for waste disposal, converting them into organic fertilizers and renewable energy. This research presents an experiment involving four reactors fed with household organic waste, three inoculated with canine, goat, and rabbit manure, and one without inoculum. The experiment was observed for 30 consecutive days to analyze the pH and temperature parameters involved in the AD process in domestic reactors. Statistical methodology, including one-way analysis of variance for assessing the effect of the type of inoculum, Tukey's simultaneous confidence intervals for mean differences, and 90 % confidence intervals for μ in temperature and manure, was utilized. Additionally, main effects analysis of the factors of average temperature and pH were conducted. The results of the one-factor experiment show that the type of inoculum does not significantly influence the variation in pH, while temperature remains relatively stable throughout the AD process. However, the analysis of main effects indicates that goat manure tends to stabilize the temperature with minimal variation, whereas variation is more heterogeneous in the other experiments.

Выбор технологий и направлений снижения техногенного воздействия минеральных образований на окружающую среду

Introduction. With an increase in natural and man-made pressure, the condition of lands in the regions of Russia is deteriorating. Under the combined influence of natural and man-made processes, the soil layer of the lands that host them inevitably degrades, so the issue of minimizing the impact of these objects is relevant. Materials and methods. The possibility of minimizing the negative impact of technogenic mineral formations (TMF) on the environment under specific conditions is assessed through analysis using the method of expert assessments. The zone parameters were determined as a result of field and remote observations, laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling. Land plots located in zones of active influence of TMF were taken into account. Results. The following tasks were solved in the work: the state of the solid sediments was clarified; an analysis of the best available technologies for solid waste disposal was carried out; the lands containing solid waste were ranked according to their economic value; The degree of reduction of the negative impact of solid waste on the environment when using new technologies was assessed. Discussion. Since their creation, the structure of the land fund has changed greatly. The lands on which solid soil formations are located are most often not taken into account, i.e. it is not possible to determine the category of land and the type of permitted use. Conclusions. As a criterion for the optimality of recycling technologies, it is proposed to use the degree of negative impact of solid waste on the environment, determined as a result of ranking solid waste using fuzzy clustering. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm allows not only to determine the optimal direction for the reclamation of such lands in the absence of initial data, but also to select the most effective technologies for each direction. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The possibility of using solid waste now or in the future has been studied, and the use of an algorithm for selecting technologies to minimize or eliminate the negative impact of solid waste on the environment under similar conditions has been proposed.

Optimal pricing and environmental improvement in a dual-channel hazardous waste disposal supply chain under cost sharing contract

A dual-channel hazardous waste supply chain consisting of a disposal facility and a contractor is studied, where the customer demand is sensitive to price and environment impacts. Under the government’s emissions penalty, the disposal facility must invest in technology for hazardous waste disposal to reduce waste emissions. Firstly, under the cost-sharing contract, the cooperation model based on a disposal facility and a contractor is constructed, and the influence of cost-sharing ratio on supply chain system is discussed; Secondly, the Stackelberg game models are presented; Finally, the numerical experiments are conducted. The computational results show that the cost sharing contract can improve the total profit of the dual-channel supply chain. When one party is dominant, whether it is the disposal facility-Stackelberg or the contractor-Stackelberg, the profit of that party always increases as the cost sharing proportion increases. Moreover, for the environment and consumers, an increasing cost sharing proportion of the contractor can improve the disposal technology, and the emissions per unit of hazardous waste disposal have been consistently decreasing.

Selection of municipal solid waste disposal technology using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Genetic Algorithm for Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management represents a significant challenge in rapidly urbanizing regions, notably within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study focuses on Kuwait, exemplifying the GCC context, to identify the most suitable MSW disposal methods. We integrate the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Genetic Algorithms (GA) for a comprehensive evaluation and optimization of disposal options, considering 13 criteria across economic, environmental, technical, and safety dimensions. Five disposal methods (landfilling, controlled dumpsites, composting, incineration, and refuse-derived fuel [RDF] combustion) are analyzed for their fit to Kuwait's unique environmental and socio-economic conditions. The AHP analysis highlights the paramount importance of "Health & Safety of Employees" (19.8%), "Water Pollution" (16.2%), and "Air Pollution Control" (15.4%) as criteria, underscoring a regional prioritization of health and environmental considerations over cost. Composting and RDF combustion emerge as the preferred disposal methods, with AHP-derived priority percentages of 22.7% and 22.3%, respectively. GA optimization further validates these methods as optimally aligned with the regional waste management framework. Conclusively, composting and RDF combustion are identified as the most feasible MSW disposal options for Kuwait, with potential applicability across the GCC, contingent on alignment with local economic and environmental policies. This research provides a critical foundation for policymakers and stakeholders in crafting sustainable, region-specific waste management strategies.

Distribution of gasification products and emission of heavy metals and dioxins from municipal solid waste at the low temperature pyrolysis stage.

Gasification is widely regarded as one of the most practical, economical, and environmentally friendly waste disposal technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW). The pyrolysis stage (300-500°C) is crucial for weight loss during MSW gasification, as a considerable amount of organic matter breaks down, producing high-value synthesis gas. This study investigated the product distribution and pollutant emission characteristics within this temperature range and its influencing factors during MSW gasification using a self-designed MSW gasification device. Results indicated that MSW underwent approximately 70% weight loss within this temperature range, yielding low amounts of inorganic and short-chain organic products, with mainly long-chain organic compounds of C16-C34. The atmosphere variation had minimal effect on the elemental composition and content of solid phase products. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses showed that Mn and Zn were the primary components of heavy metal leaching toxicity in solid phase products, with their contents increasing as temperature increased. Synthesis gas showed the highest content of heavy metal As element, reaching a peak at 400°C. Higher gasification temperature and lower oxygen flow rate significantly reduced the dioxin content and I-TEQ values, with highly chlorinated isomers being the predominant dioxin isomers. Nonetheless, low-chlorinated dioxins accounted for more than 50% of the I-TEQ. This study improves our understanding of the gasification process of MSW.

The study of the efficiency evaluation of the ventilation system of the poultry house in the summer

With the onset of cold weather, heat transfer through the walls and especially the roofs of bird rooms, unlike in the summer period, increases significantly, which leads to a sharp decrease in warm indoor air. Therefore, in order to maintain the regulatory conditions of the ventilation system, it is reduced to a transitional mode, and then to a minimum ventilation mode. Low ventilation repeatability limits inside the building determine the minimum volume of air supplied by the ventilation system. The economic and production efficiency of poultry farming is related to the premises and climatic conditions, which can seriously affect the well-being of broilers. Heat stress contributes to behavioral, physiological and biochemical changes in broilers, which leads to economic losses.
 The purpose of this study is to influence the annual efficiency of the poultry house ventilation system, mainly in summer, in order to evaluate the efficiency during the reconstruction of the cooling system, that is, to improve the ventilation system of the room, as well as to give an economic assessment of waste disposal technology.
 Energy– and resource-saving, environmentally friendly technologies and technological tools, plastic-type recuperators, a bird droppings removal system, as well as lighting and irrigation processes were taken as the object of the study. In conducting our research, let’s use classical and special methods, including a decomposition method for analyzing the functional use of recycling technology, a logical and linguistic method for assessing the safety of nitrogen during disposal, microclimate technology, nutrition and storage.
 Based on the mathematical model, a computer research methodology was developed to improve the energy efficiency of the poultry house. Using a computer program, the number of LEDs (α=200, I0=20 cd) for an enclosure measuring 66×12 m is N=273 pieces, and the number of LEDs (α=200, I0=20 cd) for a building measuring 78×18 m is N=259 pieces. The design parameters of the illuminators are justified

Atomistic Computer Simulations of Uranyl Adsorption on Hydrated Illite and Smectite Surfaces

A quantitative understanding of the molecular-scale mechanisms of radionuclide sorption on different clay minerals is crucial for the development and safe implementation of geological nuclear waste disposal technologies. We apply classical molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations to study the adsorption of uranyl on the external basal surfaces of two typical clay models. In the illite model, negative charge is primarily localized in the tetrahedral sheets, while in the lower-charge smectite model, the isomorphic substitutions are introduced in the octahedral sheet. The comparison of atomic density distributions at the clay surfaces and adsorption-free energies profiles as a function of distance from these surfaces demonstrates that overall U behavior at the basal clay surface is quite similar for illite and smectite. Uranyl is sorbed as a mixture of outer-sphere aqua complexes [UO2(H2O)5]2+ and hydrolyzed aqua complexes [UO2(H2O)4–5OH]+ on both surfaces. The structural and compositional differences between the models do not greatly affect the uranyl’s nearest coordination environment and are mainly reflected in the specific localization and orientation of the uranyl ions at both surfaces and in the magnitude of the adsorption-free energies. The observed quantitative characteristics of uranyl interactions with illite and smectite surfaces will help to better understand U behavior during the sorption process on clay minerals for the entire range of mixed-layer illite–smectite structures. A comparison of two versions of the ClayFF force field in the simulations made it possible to more accurately and quantitatively evaluate some subtle features of the uranyl–clay interactions and to obtain a more precise composition of uranyl complex with the modified ClayFF force field (ClayFF-MOH).

Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Vegetable Waste with Cattle Dung and Fruit Waste for Biogas Generation

India is a developing country and its rate of energy consumption is increasing with economic and industrial development. Most of the countries are dependent on non-renewable energy sources that have many limitations and demerits. The use of renewable energy resources is beneficial from socioeconomic and ecological point of view that can help to achieve sustainable development goals. India is agro-based country and produces huge quantities of organic waste per day. The disposal of these wastes by unscientific treatment methods causes serious environmental pollution. Anaerobic digestion and co-digestion are considered as ecofriendly technology of energy generation and waste disposal. The co-digestion is more beneficial over anaerobic digestion and has several advantages. The present work was undertaken to study anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable waste with cattle dung and fruit waste with the objectives of treating the waste to generate biogas and to decrease its environmental pollution potential.

Integration of Acoustic Metamaterials Made of Plastic to Improve Building Acoustics

Abstract According to the Waste Management Policy of the European Union, the recycling and reuse of various wastes is considered the most environmentally friendly and advanced waste disposal technology that has the least impact on the environment. By applying the principles of the Circular Economy, plastic waste will extend its life cycle and will be used as secondary materials to create metamaterial structures with improved sound absorption and insulation properties. The aim of this study was to determine plastic potential for use in acoustic structures. Acoustic metamaterial resonators, created from plastic, were measured in an impedance tube according to standards ISO 10534-2 for their sound absorbing and ASTM E2611 for their insulating properties. Two types of plastic, PLA and recycled PET-G, were used in acoustic metamaterial 3D printing process. For sound insulation, combined resonator systems were used to control symmetrical wall sound resonance. Sound absorption of both PLA and PET-G metamaterials were peaking at 1600 Hz with 0.93 and 0.89 sound absorption coefficient, respectfully. The results showed that combined constructions with plastic metamaterials can be integrated into building structures and used as an alternative for improving building acoustics, reducing indoor noise and reverberation time.

ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ОТХОДЫ ДЛЯ ЗАКЛАДКИ ВЫРАБОТАННЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ УГОЛЬНЫХ И РУДНЫХ ШАХТ КУЗБАССА

Coal mining and mining enterprises are the basis of the Kemerovo region economy. Comprehensive assessment of their impact on the environment showed the activation of exogenous geological processes: dips formed over previously liquidated inclined and vertical mine shafts; waterlogging; drawdowns and landslides. In the flooded goaf spaces of mines the structure of rocks is disturbed, the fixing material of the workings is destroyed, forming dips and subsidence troughs. Traditional goaf backfilling technologies using cement, sand and gravel make products more expensive, what makes coal mining and mining enterprises in the region unprofitable. A significant reduction in the cost of backfilling is possible with the introduction of industrial waste disposal technologies - using them as components of hardening mixtures in the development of coal and ore deposits. Taking into account the mining and geological conditions of Kuzbass - powerful steep and inclined deposits, compositions of cement-free laying mixtures with the use of steel slags for the industrial implementation of chamber and floor-chamber development system were developed. Key words: stowing mixtures, steel slag, strength, structure, burnt rock, sludge.

Advancing Medical Waste Management in China: Leveraging Technological Innovations and Strategic Disposal Practices for Sustainable Development

Global epidemic prevention and control has entered the normalization stage, but the situation of local epidemic prevention and control is still complex and severe. In the new historical period, how to build on past successes to further advance our cause, and how to grasp the key issues and solve specific problems need to be examined and discussed from the perspective of technological change and development. Based on the systematic analysis of the current situation of China's existing medical waste disposal technology, and based on the opportunities and challenges faced by management and disposal technology, this paper analyzes the specific practices, work results and experience the enlightenment of the existing disposal technology and disposal mode, and puts forward the research and judgment of the future development pattern of China's medical waste, which provides a basis for the future treatment and disposal of China's medical waste and fine management.

Microscopic mechanism for CO2-assisted co-gasification of polyethylene and softwood lignin: A reactive force field molecular dynamics study

Co-gasification of biomass and waste plastic to produce syngas and value-added products is an attractive technology for renewable energy utilization and waste disposal. CO2 as a gasifying agent has received much attention as it can act as carbon source and oxidant in the reaction. In this paper, the feasibility and characteristics of CO2-assisted co-gasification of polyethylene and softwood lignin were explored. Simulation results showed that the lignin macromolecule began to decompose through C–O–C bond breaking and the PE chain gradually decomposed through C–C bond breaking. CO2-assisted co-gasification showed a negative synergistic effect on gas yield at the early stage, which delayed the reaction, but showed a positive synergistic effect at the late stage. The reaction between CO2 and carbon-containing fragments greatly promoted CO production. The hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals from PE were actively involved in H2 and hydrocarbon gas production. Compared with O2-assisted co-gasification, the CO2-assisted and CO2/O2-assisted co-gasification yielded more CO, hydrocarbon gases and combustible gases and increased the lower heating value of gas product. This work sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of CO2-assisted co-gasification of polyethylene and softwood, and would be helpful for the development of this technology.

New Trends in Pollution Prevention and Control Technology for Healthcare and Medical Waste Disposal in China

This study explores the progression of global healthcare and medical waste (HMW) disposal technologies and emerging practices in China including the COVID-19 pandemic period through patent technology innovation analysis. Trends were identified through both the Derwent Innovation Index database and bibliometric methods. Based on the bibliometric analysis of 4128 patents issued from 2002 to 2021, the development status and research trends of HMW disposal technology were revealed. Regarding patents, China significantly advanced post-2011. However, a large number of applications are filed only in China and are more focused on domestic rather than overseas markets. As the pandemic remains a threat, and increasing amounts of medical waste are generated, new technologies are being sought in China that will be safer for humans and the environment, and will also be in line with the zero waste technology trend. Incineration and waste crushing are core methodologies in medical waste disposal. Future directions pivot towards innovations in large-scale and distributed processing equipment, automation and unmanned systems and high-temperature steam disinfection collaborative disposal methods—including the “High temperature steam–municipal solid waste incineration collaborative technology” and the “High temperature steam–thermal magnetic gasification collaborative technology”. This patent analysis enhances our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on HMW disposal practices, guiding improved policymaking and research in the HMW sector.

Environmental and economic assessments of industry-level medical waste disposal technologies – A case study of ten Chinese megacities

Medical waste (MW) is exploding due to the COVID-19 pandemic, posing a significant environmental threat, and leading to the urgent requirement for affordable and environmentally friendly MW disposal technologies. Prior research on individual MW disposal plants is region-specific, applying these results to other regions may introduce bias. In this study, major MW disposal technologies in China, i.e., incineration technologies (pyrolysis incineration and rotary kiln incineration), and sterilization technologies (steam sterilization, microwave sterilization, and chemical disinfection) with residue landfill or incineration were analyzed from an industry-level perspective via life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and net present value (NPV) methods. Life cycle inventories and economic cost data for 4–5 typical companies were selected from 128 distinct enterprises and academic sources for each technology. LCA results show that microwave sterilization with residue incineration has the lowest environmental impact, emitting only 480 kg CO2 eq. LCC and NPV analyses indicate that steam sterilization with landfilling is the most economical, yielding revenues of 1,210 CNY/t and breaking even in the first year. Conversely, pyrolysis and rotary kiln incineration break even between the 4th and 5th years. Greenhouse gas emissions from the MW disposal in ten cities with the largest MW production in 2020 increased by 7% over 2019 to 43,800 tons and other pollutants increased by 6% to 12%. Economically, Shanghai exhibits the highest cost-effectiveness, while Nanjing delivers the lowest. It can be observed that the adoption of optimal environmental technologies has resulted in a diminution of greenhouse gas emissions by 279,000 tons and energy conservation of 1.76 billion MJ.

Distribution, Phenology of Guava Sucking Pests under Ultra High Density Planting with Emphasis on Two Tailed Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Pseudococcidae : Hemiptera) Management

The experiment studies were carried out to assess the intensity of damage, phenology and management of major sucking pests of Guava under ultra high density planting during 2022-23. There are three important sucking pests viz., Two Tailed Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Pseudococcidae :Hemiptera), invasive woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) (Aleurodidae:Hemiptera) and spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Russel) (Aleurodidae:Hemiptera) was documented in ultra high density planting of Guava. Under high density planting, Lucknow 49 variety was affected by more number of sucking pests viz., mealy bug (88.16%), wooly whitefly (1.85%) and guava scale (9.58%), respectively. The population of mealy bug Ferrisia virgata was maximum during first, second and third week of February with 45.1, 50.9 and 53.6 numbers /leaf/branch/tree. Weather parameters viz., minimum temperature for positively correlated with whereas maximum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were negatively correlated with sucking pest population. Bio efficacy of different treatments was carried out against two tailed mealy bug under laboratory condition in contact method, Acetamiprid 20% SP showed superior performance of with 85.00% mortality followed by imidacloprid17.8% SL (81.30% mortality at 24 HAT followed by azadirachtin 0.03% EC showed 64.00 percent mortality.