This paper examines the state of, and potential for, Russian‐South African defence and technology ties within the historical context of bilateral relations and South Africa's recent arms purchases. It argues that there are three broad areas of potential cooperation, notably: the refurbishment of Russian aircraft in Africa; the purchase of civilian aircraft by African states; and a possible strategic defence production partnership. The paper concludes that there is clearly a need for Russian industry to connect with one or another, and to standardise its logistics and technology according to Western standards. The widespread prejudice against Russian products and negative perceptions about logistics and reliability may offer an exciting prospect. The South African industry is small enough not to want to dominate (or absorb) the Russian, but sufficiently technically proficient to hold its own. It also offers some parallels, having undergone a reconfiguration of its own since 1990. The question remains, however, whether South African industry is prepared to be (and capable of being) the champion of this Russian cause.