Technological Spheres Research Articles

12 Conversational Archetypes for Human-AI Interaction

Artificial Intelligence (AI), once exclusive to sophisticated technological spheres, now plays a transformative role across all aspects of society, driving significant progress and innovation. In this backdrop, basic conversational interface aka chat emerged as the easiest, and the simplest way to interact with AI systems. However, the current Human-AI conversations are fraught with a host of challenges necessitating a critical exploration into their design, approach, and implications. As AI technologies continue to permeate our lives, the need for seamless, intuitive, and human-like conversations is amplified. While our larger research embarks on a research study to suggest a conceptual framework to help design more effective and engaging Human-AI conversations, this paper focuses on a critical aspect that surfaced as a primary gap during our literature review. Conversations are effective and engaging only when their fundamental purpose is identified and understood by their participants. Hence, formulating a purpose driven conversational typology emerged as a key design imperative to inform an array of frameworks that could help create meaningful Human-AI conversations. This study evaluates a dataset of over hundred Human-AI and Human-to-Human conversations, proposing twelve conversational archetypes central to a conceptual framework intended to enhance Human-AI conversations. Employing a hybrid methodology that integrates content analysis with case study research, this paper examines the issue from a human perspective. It aims to provide a useful resource for designers, developers, researchers, and industry professionals who seek to foster deeper connections and trust in human-AI interactions.

Fostering students’ systems thinking through futures education

In an era of worsening environmental crises, students may not perceive themselves as able to impact and change the inevitably upcoming futures. Accordingly, a common goal of educational systems has been to increase students' agency and sensemaking in a complex world. Simultaneously, students are facing unprecedented levels of futures anxiety, and educational institutions undervalue the importance of future thinking. To take on a constructive approach on futures thinking, we examine how students’ systems thinking skills develop during a futures education course in which they write their own visions of a hopeful future. By looking at the thematic spheres of society, nature, and technology, we analyse how students develop systemic understandings of the complex system that is the context of the study: the city of the future. The study examines how students’ written futures visions develop throughout the course, and how those developments indicate development in systems thinking. The results show that the futures education course allowed students to improve their understandings of the interconnectedness of the topics they raised, fostering more holistic and active understandings of the futures, here shown through the multidimensional development of systems thinking. Students developed a deeper understanding of the interrelationships of society, nature, and technology, and developed understandings of the pathways to change and the agency and action needed to achieve their futures.

Power in the Flattened Internet – Research Challenges

Media studies have enhanced the classic discourse-centred analyses of symbolic power with an additional reflection on the agency of the technological infrastructure through which discourse is produced. The article’s starting point is an overview of concepts related to the role of the technological sphere in communication processes and related social practices. The theoretical reflection is then juxtaposed with examples of research that attempts to capture these relationships on an empirical level, and with a reflection on the resistance that technological matter poses to such activities.

Циркулярна економіка: особливості та перспективи впровадження в Україні в умовах війни

The circular economy is a prerequisite for the new industrial revolution, because it contributes to achieving maximum economic efficiency in industry and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Its implementation involves a set of measures aimed at the sustainable development of enterprises, the country and society. Introducing the concept of circular economy is an important and necessary step for the development of our country, its integration into the European Union and post-war recovery. The purpose of the study is to identify problems on the path of reorientation of Ukrainian enterprises to the principles of circularity and sustainable development and to develop methods for their rapid adaptation, in particular, taking into account the consequences of European integration and full- scale war. The goals of the research: analysis of the current state of waste management in Ukraine, clarification of the essence and key principles of circularity and sustainable development, identification of the main strategies for the implementation of the circular economy, analysis of the peculiarities of the implementation of circular business models in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of the EU, development of recommendations for rapid adaptation circular business models in conditions of war. The peculiarities of waste management in Ukraine, in particular in the conditions of war, the readiness of companies and resource provision for the introduction of new circular business models are analyzed. The advantages and weaknesses of the implementation of circular principles, the opportunities that open up to enterprises, the positive impact on the economic, social, technological spheres, etc. are characterized. Before the full-scale invasion into Ukraine, most of the factors of the external environment were generally favorable for the implementation of circular economy business models by Ukrainian enterprises: accelerated accession to the EU, commitment to Ukrainian business in the world market, attraction of foreign investments, development of innovative technologies in Ukraine, gradual change in the culture of consumption, increasing consumer trust in “green” brands, increasing the level of social responsibility of enterprises. The amount of waste in Ukraine as a result of military operations as of June 2023 was 12 million tons (excluding temporarily occupied territories): destruction of admini- strative buildings, private houses, agricultural lands, etc. At the same time, it was stated that the pre- war methods of waste management, which were already ineffective, cannot be used in principle today. Therefore, now more than ever, it is important to promptly and effectively eliminate its consequences, which, on the other hand, is also a potential for the development of the circular economy and the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Artisan – Expert, Specialist, Witness?

The article analyzes the problem of using special knowledge in the field of craft in the investigation and trial of criminal cases. The history of the of such knowledge in the field of criminal proceedings goes back to ancient times. For the first time, the use of such knowledge in criminal proceedings was indicated in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire in 1832. Subsequently, it was established: the Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864, the Criminal Procedure Codes of the RSFSR of 1922, 1923, 1960. The current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation does not indicate the scope of knowledge used in expert research, but this flaw is compensated by the Federal Law of May 31, 2001 No. 73-FZ “On State Forensic Expert Activities in the Russian Federation”, revealing the concept of examination, including in the sphere of specialized knowledge, except science, technology, art and craft. Scientificity cannot be a sign of craft knowledge, since, firstly, the legislator himself separates areas of specialized knowledge from each other, and, in particular, from science, and secondly, knowledge in this area does not require professional education, experience is sufficient, as well as skills and mastery. An artisan cannot and should not act as an expert in a criminal case, due to the requirements placed on an expert regarding knowledge and qualifications, he is unlikely to be able to conduct an expert study and draw up a qualified expert opinion. For the same reason, he also cannot be involved in giving a specialist opinion, since its preparation requires appropriate knowledge and competence. An artisan may be invited as a specialist to participate in procedural actions in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 58 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation or interrogated as an ordinary witness who may know any circumstances relevant to the investigation and resolution of the criminal case (Part 1 of Article 56 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation).

К вопросу об опыте эффективного управления трансфером технологий

The current state of society presupposes constant and stable development of the technological sphere, and also sets companies the task of constantly improving efficiency and applying the latest technological developments and introducing innovations into their activities. Despite the course taken by the Government of the Russian Federation to innovatize and update all spheres of the Russian economy, there are still difficulties in fulfilling this task. In particular, the problems associated with the complexity of implementing innovations in the organization due to both high financial costs and lack of expertise in their application. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of technology transfer mechanisms. In this paper, the author analyzes the existing experience of using this concept in the economy of foreign countries, and also explores existing developments and problems in this matter in the Russian Federation.

Conditions and possibilities of using e-logistics in manufacturing enterprises

Progressing globalisation, competitiveness and implemented technological innovations constitute important challenges for enterprises operating in such a turbulent environment. Organisations are forced to adapt much faster and more flexibly to rapidly changing market conditions. Manufacturing companies realise that it is impossible to meet market requirements by constantly using conventional methods of operation, especially in the sphere of physical flows of goods, information and financial resources, for which logistics is responsible. One of the solutions that can support manufacturing companies is e-logistics, which enriches logistics phases and processes in the sphere of information technology (IT) and information and communication technologies (ICT). The aim of the study is to identify the conditions and possibilities of using e-logistics in Polish manufacturing enterprises.

A Realizable Data Encryption Strategy

As technology continues to advance, data has become an increasingly important element in the sphere of Information Technology. However, enormous data generated by devices presents a major challenge in handling it in real time. Data encryption is a crucial component in ensuring data security and privacy during its transmission in network. Unfortunately, many applications disregard data encryption in order to achieve higher performance. The work proposes a solution to this problem by introducing a data encryption process that is, the Realizable Data Encryption Strategy (RDES) and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) computing, a revolutionary cryptographic method that improves information security by preventing authorized access to sensitive data, being used. Information security is improved by DNA symmetric cryptography being suggested. The outcomes show that plain-text encryption is a very secure procedure. The RDES approach is designed to improve privacy protection within the constraints of real-time processing. By implementing the RDES approach, data privacy and security can be significantly enhanced without compromising performance.

Cinema – a Tool of Cognitive Warfare

The latest practices of social and psychological engineering are significantly changing the mental environment of modern societies: the human brain is becoming the battlefield. Achievements in the sphere of high technology, associated with information operations and using the tools of “soft power”, make it possible to introduce false paradigms, falsify meanings and values into the minds of large masses of people. The article shows the evolution of the concept of “cognitive warfare” on the basis of analytical materials, analyzes the methods of forming the image of a hostile “alien”.

The Influence Of Information Technology And Tax Awareness On Interest In Participating Tax Amnesty

The country's biggest source of income is taxes. Taxes have a dominant role in developing the country both in terms of infrastructure and alleviating poverty and community needs in terms of health, education and social security for those in need. Efforts to increase tax revenues can be implemented optimally and require supporting methods, including extensification and intensification. Apart from that, technology and information are needed to create awareness of non-compliant taxation so that it can increase compliance interest in participating in the tax amnesty. The aim of this research is to examine the tax stimulus in the technological sphere regarding awareness of interest in following the tax amnesty policy. The research method used is qualitative research with a Literature Review approach model examining previous research for the 2017-2022 period, totaling 40 journals. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of internet technology in increasing awareness of participating in the tax amnesty program. The results prove that technology and information have a positive effect in increasing taxpayer awareness of the tax amnesty program because in the midst of the digitalization era, it is necessary for all humans to switch to manual access to changes in technology and information.

Complex communicative and cognitive tasks in teaching a foreign language to students of information technology training areas

Importance. The information technology sphere has been defined by the President of the Russian Federation as one of the priorities for the development of the country’s economy and maintaining its independence status. Higher education in the field of information technology makes a significant contribution to the formation of the personnel of the industry. The purpose of education at the university is to form a highly professional personality of an IT specialist with a range of competencies. Among them, competencies related to the ability to independently obtain the necessary information, constantly update professional knowledge and experience in the rapidly developing technology sector play a special role. The need to catch up with more successful players in the field of high-tech solutions (USA, China, South Korea) determines the important role of a foreign language in the professional training of computer science students. The focus of the research is on a specific type of foreign-language educational activity – complex communicative and cognitive tasks designed to model the conditions of interrelated foreign-language communicative and intellectual activities of students.Research Methods. To conduct the research, theoretical methods are used: the study of scientific literature, analysis, generalization, synthesis of the main provisions, on the basis of which practical methods are implemented – modeling and description of students’ speech-thinking activity in the course of solving complex communicative and cognitive tasks.Results and Discussion. The theoretical justification and practical illustration of the algorithm for creating a complex communicative and cognitive task are presented. The principles of learning based on complex communicative and cognitive tasks are highlighted, an algorithm for selecting content and teaching methods are presented. A specific example of a task for the purposes of higher education is given.Conclusion. The authenticity of the quasi-professional experience obtained during the learning process can be achieved through the integration of communicative and intellectual activities in the professional field. The “brainwork-speech” dichotomy can be implemented in practical pedagogical activities on the basis of complex communicative-cognitive learning problems.

Sustainability and smartness interplay within city–renewables nexus: a bibliometric analysis from 1992 to 2022

ABSTRACT Sustainability, smartness and renewable energy represent areas of utmost importance able to contribute to the progress of urban environments. The paper investigates the interplay of these concepts, examining the scientific landscape emerging from a dataset of 2062 documents and their associated metadata downloaded from the Web of Science platform for the period between 1992 and 2022. We use VOSViewer and the R-based bibliometrix software to reveal the scientific landscape emerging from (1) the performance analysis of relevant journals and authors; (2) the intellectual and conceptual structure and (3) the evolution of the field. The research hotspots concentrate around five major clusters concerning energy consumption and carbon emissions, smart city, sustainability of cities, renewable energy and the intersection of system management with optimization in energy. Temporal analysis shows the field advances under the influence of emergent information and communication technologies applied in smart cities as well as innovations in energy harvesting that bear the capacity to improve the sustainability in cities as together they are connected to the management of energy and its efficient use. As the field appears marked by a weak relationship among the social, energy and technology spheres, this bibliometric analysis is expected to lay a foundation for future research where integrated solutions are needed to reduce the gap between the smartness and sustainability interplay in relation to cities and renewable energy.

Interaction between government and business in the field of innovation.

The work is devoted to the issues of interaction between the state and private sector organizations in the field of innovation. The article defines the place of the scientific and technological sphere in the general structure of the economy, substantiates the prerequisites for the circulation of technologies at various levels of the market. The features of the Russian system of protection of intellectual property are highlighted. An analysis of the state policy in the field of innovative development is given. A mechanism has been proposed to stimulate R&D and import substitution based on the provision of subsidies for the purchase of components within the framework of existing business processes.

Стратегическое планирование как инструмент обеспечения технологического суверенитета

The article substantiates the objective need to intensify the use of strategic planning tools in the practice of public governance for the creation of a new competitive development model aimed at ensuring technological sovereignty in the conditions of external restrictions. Particular emphasis is placed on considering the process of goal setting in the scientific and technological sphere and its linkage with the general tasks of development of the real sector of the economy. In this regard, program and regulatory documents in force in the field of scientific and technological development are analyzed, of current program and regulatory documents in the field of scientific and technological development is carried out, their inconsistencies and problematic (bottleneck) areas are identified, and on this basis, measures are proposed to improve the process of strategic planning of scientific and technological development and its transfer to a systematic basis.

Оценка технологий производства продукции российско-китайского товарооборота в условиях санкционной борьбы России с коллективным Западом

The article analyzes and evaluates China’s capabilities to realize the potential for import substitution of high-tech products in the economy of the Russian Federation and our country’s capabilities to export high-tech products to China. The results allow us to conclude that significant quantitative progress has been achieved in the volume of trade turnover between Russia and China within the framework of Russian-Chinese relations. Nevertheless, the share of high-tech products in China does not yet correspond to the level of comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation achieved by Russia and China. Only the political will of the leadership of the countries can ensure full quantitative and qualitative import substitution of high-tech products in the national economy of the Russian Federation and/or create conditions for our country to achieve sovereignty in the technological sphere.

Глаголы-англицизмы в русском языке XIXв.

The presented research shows the benefits of using diachronic approach in studying the process of borrowing, revealing its characteristic features and main tendencies in the certain period of language development. The work was carried out to identify a group of English loan verbs in the Russian language of the 19thcentury, to assess their quantitative and thematic composition, to consider the peculiarities of their adaptation. On the basis of historical and lexicological research and the developed criteria, nine verbs belonging to the sphere of sport, technology, social and political sphere were identified, whichis much less than the number of verbs borrowed at this time from French and German. The difficulty of determining the source language, the ways of entry of foreign-language verbs, and the separation of borrowings from word formations in Russian makes it necessary to use corpus linguistic methods and careful work with multi-genre sources, which is illustrated by the example of the verbs tatuirovat` (to tattoo) and startovat`(to start). The historical and lexicological data presented in the article made it possible to clarify the time ofoccurrence of English loan verbs and to define their first lexicographic fixation. The paper shows the competition of suffixes in the formation of borrowed verbs, leading to a wide variability, with the suffix -irova-proving to be the most productive in the formation of normative variants of English loan verbs.

Exploring and Acquiring Modern Human Resource Competencies in Cybersecurity Amidst State Digital Transformation

This paper validates the relevance of contemporary electronic communication systems, networks, and hardware and software suites and tools being particularly susceptible to cyber influences. The goal of the article is to concisely summarize international experience in modern human resource competencies within the cybersecurity domain and to identify their components according to specific directions. The paper examines current international trends regarding the formation of a minimal necessary package for creating, implementing, technical support, and enhancing an information security and cyber defense management system. This necessitates the development of a digitally aware society by the state, a crucial area of its internal policy. It emphasizes the undeniable fact that the demand for cybersecurity professionals will continually grow as high-technology society advances. In the context of the state’s total defense, the role of unified training for defense force personnel and the civilian sector in cybersecurity is beyond doubt. It is concluded that the main focus in forming Cybercom of partner countries is adequate funding, careful selection of personnel, quality professional training, and ensuring full interoperability of diverse structural units of subjects ensuring information protection and cybersecurity at the state level. The share of cyber threats is increasing, and this trend will intensify over the next decade as the internet technology sphere is developing rapidly, and digital solutions are being used in combination (e.g., artificial intelligence and blockchain). For instance, current Russia is one of the main threats to national and international cybersecurity, actively implementing the concept of information confrontation based on a combination of destructive actions in cyberspace. An increase in conflicts between states and the intensity of intelligence and subversive activities in cyberspace is expected. The number of states seeking to form their own cyber-intelligence, master the latest methods of destructive influence in cyberspace, and strengthen state control over the state segment of the Internet is growing. The technical level of cyber threats is increasing, and new tools and mechanisms for cyber attacks are constantly being improved and developed

Циркулярна економіка: особливості та перспективи впровадження в Україні в умовах війни

The circular economy is a prerequisite for the new industrial revolution, because it contributes to achieving maximum economic efficiency in industry and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Its implementation involves a set of measures aimed at the sustainable development of enterprises, the country and society. Introducing the concept of circular economy is an important and necessary step for the development of our country, its integration into the European Union and post-war recovery. The purpose of the study is to identify problems on the path of reorientation of Ukrainian enterprises to the principles of circularity and sustainable development and to develop methods for their rapid adaptation, in particular, taking into account the consequences of European integration and full-scale war. The goals of the research: analysis of the current state of waste management in Ukraine, clarification of the essence and key principles of circularity and sustainable development, identification of the main strategies for the implementation of the circular economy, analysis of the peculiarities of the implementation of circular business models in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of the EU, development of recommendations for rapid adaptation circular business models in conditions of war. The peculiarities of waste management in Ukraine, in particular in the conditions of war, the readiness of companies and resource provision for the introduction of new circular business models are analyzed. The advantages and weaknesses of the implementation of circular principles, the opportunities that open up to enterprises, the positive impact on the economic, social, technological spheres, etc. are characterized. Before the full-scale invasion into Ukraine, most of the factors of the external environment were generally favorable for the implementation of circular economy business models by Ukrainian enterprises: accelerated accession to the EU, commitment to Ukrainian business in the world market, attraction of foreign investments, development of innovative technologies in Ukraine, gradual change in the culture of consumption , increasing consumer trust in "green" brands, increasing the level of social responsibility of enterprises. The amount of waste in Ukraine as a result of military operations as of June 2023 was 12 million tons (excluding temporarily occupied territories): destruction of administrative buildings, private houses, agricultural lands, etc. At the same time, it was stated that the pre-war methods of waste management, which were already ineffective, cannot be used in principle today. Therefore, now more than ever, it is important to promptly and effectively eliminate its consequences, which, on the other hand, is also a potential for the development of the circular economy and the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS OF RESTORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

The article presents the results of the analysis and generalization of the current state of technology and methods of restoration of architectural monuments. It is shown that the prospects for the development of the construction complex of Ukraine determine the need for the creation and functioning of a system of highly effective technologies for the restoration of architectural monuments, which is adapted to the specific characteristics and parameters of the object and the subject of restoration. The formation of such a system is carried out on the principles of innovative efficiency of restoration technologies from the set of existing technologies in the construction industry, which, in turn, is formed under the influence of global progress in the construction and technological sphere. A systemic interrelationship between types of restoration and methods of restoration, as construction-technological systems, is established. The established relationship is taken as the basis of organizing the system of methods of restoration of architectural monuments. The impact of scientific and technical progress in the field of construction on the multiplicity of methods of execution and mechanization of restoration processes has been established, as one that goes to infinity, which translates the existing system of methods into the category of large, complex and open systems with a disordered structure.

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool in the domains of materials science, mining, and geology owing to its enormous potential to provide unique insight into micro and nanoscale worlds. This comprehensive review discusses the background development of SEM, basic SEM operation, including specimen preparation and image processing, and the fundamental theoretical calculations underlying SEM operation. It provides a foundational understanding for engineers and scientists who have never had a chance to dig in depth into SEM, contributing to their understanding of the workings and development of this robust analytical technique. The present review covers how SEM serves as a crucial tool in mineral characterization, with specific discussion on the workings and research fronts of SEM-EDX, SEM-AM, SEM-MLA, and QEMSCAN. With automation gaining pace in the development of all spheres of technology, understanding the uncertainties in SEM measurements is very important. The constraints in mineral phase identification by EDS spectra and sample preparation are conferred. In the end, future research directions for SEM are analyzed with the possible incorporation of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence tools to automate the process of mineral identification, quantification, and efficient communication with researchers so that the robustness and objectivity of the analytical process can be improved and the analysis time and involved costs can be reduced. This review also discusses the idea of integrating robotics with SEM to make the equipment portable so that further mineral characterization insight can be gained not only on Earth but also on other terrestrial grounds.