Technological Product Innovation Research Articles

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИННОВАЦИЙ В ПРОЦЕСС УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The general state of development of the state inevitably depends on the state of development of its regions. The article highlights the most significant external and internal factors affecting the level of regional development. The conclusion is made about the importance of innovative development in creating competitive advantages both within individual enterprises and for the region as a whole. The importance of interregional cooperation, which gives a synergetic effect for each region separately, is considered separately. The article analyzes the concept of innovation by different authors. Based on the conducted research, an author's clarification of this concept is proposed, which is based on the generation of a new idea and its implementation on the market. The article discusses the features of the introduction of technological and product technological innovations, their definitions are given. Information is provided on their implementation in Russia and in the Samara Region from 2011 to 2021. Attention is focused on the fact that the success of technological innovations largely depends on the introduction of the best available technologies. The importance of eco-innovation is considered. Sustainable development is currently a very relevant topic in view of the current climate change. The article characterizes sustainable development. To achieve this state, it is necessary to ensure the sustainable development of each company, maintaining a constant balance between regional needs and the interests of the company, paying equal attention to them. In ensuring economic growth, in creating competitive advantages for both individual companies and national economies, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of innovation. Based on the conducted research, the article concludes that technological innovations in industrial production are the center of innovative activity of the company. They should be integrated into the process of ensuring sustainable development. The leaders of integrated innovation implementation will gain a competitive advantage that will serve them well in the future, since sustainability will always be an integral part of development.

Efficiency Analysis of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Grain Production Based on Improved Grey Incidence Analysis

Analyzing and evaluating the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is conducive to the rational allocation of resources, promoting the development of scientific and technological innovation in grain production and providing guarantee for grain security. By refining the elements of grain production and scientific and technological innovation, an evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is constructed. Firstly, combining linear programming together with the traditional grey synthetic incidence analysis model, a incidence analysis of the scientific and technological innovation indicators of grain production is carried out, and the key and secondary indexes affecting grain outputs are screened by an improved grey incidence analysis model. Secondly, based on DEA-Malmquist index model and taking the grain production process as the research object, the scientific and technological achievement transformation indicators are divided into pre-production, in-production and post-production indicators. The key indicators and secondary indicators of scientific and technological innovation of grain production in various cities of Henan Province from 2010 to 2019 are used to analyze the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in each stage of grain production. The results show that: (1) The type of basic ability of scientific and technological innovation indicators and the transformation ability of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the major indicators influencing grain outputs, and the investment of basic resources of scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the most important to improve grain outputs. (2) In addition, the study reveals that the secondary indicators of the technological innovation efficiency of grain production based on the DEA-Malmquist index model are more efficient than the key indicators in the pre-production, in-production and post-production stages. And there are gaps in the scientific and technological innovation performance of grain production among cities in Henan Province, and the index of technological progress is the leading factor for the gap.

Digital service innovation: a paradigm shift in technological innovation

PurposeExisting innovation frameworks suggest that manufacturing firms have traditionally developed a complementary model of technological innovations comprising process and product innovations (e.g. Oslo Manual). This article presents digital service innovation as a novel form of technological innovation that is capable of enhancing the performance of firms in certain manufacturing industries.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on technological innovation and digital servitization fields of research, this study argues that digital service innovation, in manufacturing contexts, complements traditional sources of technological innovation, so increasing the profit margins of firms. This effect is significant in industries characterized by business-to-business contexts, high presence of link channels and long product life spans (e.g. manufacturing and computer-based industries). Predictions are tested on a unique sample of 423 Spanish manufacturing firms using parametric (t-test) and nonparametric (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, fsQCA) approaches.FindingsThe results of this analysis show that a necessary condition so that manufacturing firms can increase profits is the deployment of simultaneous process and product innovations. It also reveals that optimal configuration requires that digital service innovation be undertaken, particularly in machinery and computer-based manufacturing industries. Hence, all three sources of technological innovation are brought together in order to reach the highest levels of company performance. The evidence suggests that technological innovation and digital servitization are closely interrelated in highly innovative manufacturing contexts.Originality/valueThis study's originality and value reside in the fact that it reveals the existence of firms incorporating digital service innovation – a new, technological innovation dimension that challenges existing innovation frameworks – to complement traditional technological innovation sources, namely process and product innovation. Moreover, the study conceptualizes and empirically tests the value-adding role of digital services in firms' technological innovation portfolio.

The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Malaysia: the Global Entrepreneurship Index (Gei) Analysis

The purpose of this research is to identify the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Malaysia based on PFP methodology from the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI). As one of the top performing economies in Asia, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) score of Malaysia stood in the ‘middle rank’ from 2012 to 2016 (ranked 46th out of 96 surveyed countries). The analysis has revealed that Malaysia has two strong pillars that are unique to the country, namely ‘human capital’ and ‘process innovation’. There are seven other pillars that did not perform well, namely, technology absorption pillar, high growth, risk capital, cultural support, product innovation, start-up skills, and internationalisation. In order to improve these areas, the Malaysian government needs to enact ‘supportive regulation’ for entrepreneurs, such as promoting entrepreneurs in external events, tax holidays, a less complicated business permit application process, ease of access to bank loans, and business training.

Research on the impact of managers' green environmental awareness and strategic intelligence on corporate green product innovation strategic performance.

This article discusses the impact of corporate managers' green environmental awareness and strategic intelligence on the formulation of corporate green product innovation strategies and their relationship with marketing performance. As the pre-factors affecting innovation, the green environmental awareness and strategic intelligence will affect the formulation and implementation of corporate green product innovation strategies, thereby promoting corporate performance. According to the regression analysis of 367 questionnaires from heavily polluting enterprises, it can be seen that managers’ green environmental awareness is positively correlated with green product technological innovation and design innovation strategies. Managers’ meta-cognitive strategic intelligence does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between green environmental awareness and green product technological innovation strategy, but has a significant positive moderating effect on the green product design innovation strategy. Managers’ motivational strategic intelligence has a positive influence on the relationship between green environmental awareness and green product technology and design innovation strategy. In addition, the implementation of green product innovation strategies directly promotes the improvement of marketing performance. The above conclusions can provide inspiration or companies during the new opportunity period to transform managers' environmental awareness and strategic intelligence into corporate performance by using green product innovation strategies.

Contradictions in the combination of social justice and economic efficiency

The aim of the article – elucidation of the essence of social justice and its manifestations as a phenomenon with characteristic features against the back- ground of innovations in production technologies, which explains the patterns of transformation processes, identifying the relationship between the industrial revolution and social justice, justification of place and importance for economic policy. The methodology of the survey. The following methods were used in the re- search: unity of logical and historical approaches, combination of abstract and concrete (to reveal the relationship between technology and economic development), historical method (to assess the patterns of economic and social processes), expert evaluation (to determine the mechanism of overcoming contradictions between economic efficiency and social justice). The scientific novelty. The results obtained in the research process together describe the impact of the new economic system not only on economic relations and international relations, but also on the social life of citizens, their transforma- tion and the level of preparation for social change. After analyzing the scientific achievements of experts and researchers, we identified the advantages of transformation processes, their disadvantages, which affect social justice. Also, mechanisms have been established to overcome the prob- lems that arise at the time of technology implementation and found a balance between economically-effective results and social justice which must be ensured in all parts of the world. Conclusion. The fourth industrial revolution entails a radical change in the usual patterns of behavior in enterprises. Its aim is robotization and digitiza- tion of all spheres of life, complete transformation of human resources. The combination of intellectual resources together with the latest technologies sig- nificantly affects the quality of living standards and the development of the social sphere. The combination of economic efficiency and equity associated with the contra- dictions that exist in the field of distribution, inefficiency of institutional and organizational mechanism for regulating distribution relations, uneven distribution of resources and property rights and cause uneven distribution of income and strict differentiation and marginalization in the population structure, macroeconomic violations, inefficient system of social security and social insurance. Uneven dis- tribution acts as an objective reality, and therefore it is important to prevent its threatening indicators. To do this, it is necessary to adequately measure the degree of inequality, to control not only the difference in income between rich and poor, but also the size of income to prevent a decrease in minimum income below the minimum social standards. Social standards require constant revision and improve- ment of their calculation methods, taking into account the methodology used in countries with a high level of social development. Key words: social justice, economic efficiency, institutions, social institutions, economic activity, innovations.

Techno-business strategies for enhancing guest experience in luxury hotels: a managerial perspective

PurposeThis research aims at understanding techno-based strategies deployed by the hospitality industry by exploring the emerging technological product and process innovations that are actively being used in the hospitality space to deliver enhanced guest experiences. It also aims at gaining perspective about the challenges of technology adoption faced by the Indian luxury hotels that have traditionally been driven by high-touch, unscripted and personalised service.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopted a two-pronged methodology for data collection – in-depth semi-structured interviews with General Managers of Luxury Hotels in India and literature-based innovation output (LBIO). NVivo12 software was used to carry out a qualitative thematic analysis of the data. The primary data collected was then triangulated with secondary data gathered through literature review of academic papers, industry reports and studies on the use of technology for enhancing and co-creating customer experience in luxury hotels.FindingsThe research brings in to focus the importance of technology and high-tech, state-of-the-art tools in facilitating the co-creation and delivery of experiences in the context of luxury hospitality. However, it also emphasises that the high-touch dimension is the core of hospitality in luxury and premium hotels and should remain the primary driver of this segment. Luxury hotels will have to fine-tune and tailor their services and provide the right mix of high-tech and high-touch, depending on the micro-niche segments to which they cater.Practical implicationsPractitioners, researchers and educationists in the hospitality industry would find the implications of this study useful in context of the evolving technology imperative and the present customer-centric business environment where hotels are constantly striving to meet the exponentially rising bar of guest expectations.Originality/valueThis study is the one of the few empirical explorations of the techno-based strategies adopted by luxury hotels for co-creating enhanced and high-value experiences leading to critical implications for both hospitality and tourism theory and practice.

Performance effects of digital technology adoption and product & service innovation – A process-industry perspective

European manufacturing companies face increasing pressure to adopt digitalization technologies discussed in the emerging paradigm of Industry 4.0. On the other hand, innovation capabilities both in terms of introducing new products and new services are of outmost importance to gain competitive advantage. Technology adoption and firm innovativeness are often interrelated, but this relation is not well understood, and in particular, the way in which digital technology adoption, product and service innovation, and competitive advantage are related to process industries has not yet been investigated. This paper develops and operationalizes a conceptual framework for product and service innovation, thereby incorporating digital technology adoption. Through an exploratory study, using quantitative data from the European Manufacturing Survey (EMS)-2015, we analyze data from 747 cases in the process industries from D, NL, A, CH, and DK. Our main findings show that companies with higher levels of digital technology implementation (breadth and depth) can introduce more radical product and service innovations. Companies with both radical innovations and service innovation make significantly greater use of their implemented technologies’ potential. Radical product innovation also yields higher returns on sales, but contrary to our assumptions, service innovation in process industries does not. We find that, in the low-tech sectors, digital technologies are used to generate product and services innovations which then translate into higher performance. In contrast, in the high-tech sectors, digital technologies have a direct impact on performance and are thus rather accustomed to realizing the efficiency gains not primarily used for innovation.

Determinants of profit efficiency among smallholder sheep farmers in South Africa

Livestock production contributes significantly to the agricultural sector in South African partly because it is a source of cash income especially for smallholder farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. This article analyzes the competitiveness and profitability of smallholder livestock farmers and its impacts on their livelihood in South Africa. We applied the stochastic profit frontier approach to account for the factors influencing the productivity of sheep production and the profit efficiency of the farmers. The results of our analysis show that education and household size increase the profitability of the farmers while gender (female) and sheep loss negatively influence the profitability of the farmers. The average profitability (profit efficiency) score was estimated at 65.5% meaning that an estimated 34.9% of the profitability is lost due to the combination of technical and allocative efficiencies in production. This implies that the smallholder farmers are not producing at full capacity and thus have the ability to increase production, profitability, and their competitiveness in the farmers. Education and training and technological innovation in production can increase the profitability of the farmers.

Socio-technical networks modulate on-farm technological innovations in wool production of North Patagonia, Argentina

Socio-technical networks in the agricultural sector are complex and are key in technological innovation processes. Some relevant on-farm management decisions depend on a negotiation process involving different factors, some of which include the interplay between farmers and off-farm services. We assessed the role of the relationships between farms and shearing contractors, with respect to the influence in the adoption of pre-lambing wool shearing at farm-level in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. In particular, we analysed quantitative data on the amount and quality of pre- and post-lambing shearing of wool and the working activity of shearing services by focusing on the date of shearing as a key decision, which interconnects them. The first two months of the shearing season were associated with pre-lambing shearing, for which the simultaneous activity of the shearing contractors was higher. The last two months of the shearing season were associated with post-lambing shearing, which reached a fourth portion of total wool shorn as well as lower wool quality. Results are discussed with respect to the factors constraining changes in such periods and in functional features of the socio-technical networks, which have consequences on pre-lambing shearing adoption. A combination of environmental, productive, and social factors may be limiting further adoption of pre-lambing shearing. The socio-technical networks approach offers new insights for a more comprehensive understanding of on-farm technological adoption. We emphasize the role of socio-technical networks in modulating technological innovation processes at a farm level.

Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies, and drivers

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes in carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015 based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.3-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 627 %, 56 %, and 659 %, whereas CO, PM2.5, and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 63 %, and 59 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the technological innovation in production of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns equipped with high-efficiency control facilities in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO, and PM emissions in the cement industry. In 2010, nationwide, 39 % and 31 % of the nationwide PM2.5 and NOx emission were produced by 3 % and 15 % of the total capacity of the production lines, indicating the disproportionately high emissions from a small number of the super-polluting units. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low NOx burners (LNB), and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlights the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control; however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

Assessing industry differences in marketing innovation using multi-level modeling

PurposeCurrently, the bulk of research on marketing innovation focuses on various firm-level dimensions using relationships from the technological (product and process) innovation literature. Research on industry-level differences in marketing innovation is lacking. Testing relationships form the technological paradigm in the context of the marketing innovation paradigm is also lacking. This paper aims to present empirical evidence on both aspects using a large-scale data set.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses two large-scale datasets, each consisting of approximately 4,000 Canadian enterprises in 18 industries. The data was collected by Statistics Canada in 2009 and 2012 through its nationwide Survey of Innovation and Business Strategies program. Two widely used theoretical frameworks, resource-based view of the firm and the competitive perspective, are used to generate constructs and hypotheses in relation to marketing innovation. The data was analyzed using multi-level logistic regression.FindingsThe findings show that industry-level competition is a much more important driver of marketing innovation than firm-level competition. The authors also show that marketing constructs that are significant in the context of technological innovation are also significant for marketing innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends the firm-level literature by providing evidence of how industry-level dynamics enhances marketing innovation. The study also provides empirical evidence from Canadian enterprises that complement those from other countries.Practical implicationsA deeper understanding of the drivers of marketing innovation can enable managers to enact innovation strategies that can enhance organizational performance, differentiate themselves and enhance customer engagement and brand image.Originality/valueAs one of the few studies to examine industry-level differences in marketing innovation, the authors show that disaggregating competition into industry-level and firm-level provides a clearer picture of how competition advances marketing innovation. Additionally, this study is the first of its kind to provide empirical evidence on Canadian enterprises, thereby complementing evidence on marketing innovation from other countries. Thus, this study makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the emerging marketing innovation literature.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРИЧИННО-СЛЕДСТВЕННЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ МЕЖДУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ИННОВАЦИЯМИ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬЮ ПРОЦЕССА ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОСНОВНЫХ ФОНДОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

This article reveals the cause-and-effect relationships of the influence of technological innovations on the efficiency of reproduction of fixed assets in the crop production industry. The introduction of innovations is a complex, time-consuming and costly process in agriculture, but, as a rule, without the development of the innovation process in the agricultural sector, the reproduction process will not be effective. The strongest negative impact on the innovation process in agriculture is caused by the low level of effective demand for scientific and technical products. The model of the main stages of the innovation process in agriculture is presented, taking into account logically related stages, namely, from the emergence of an idea to its implementation in specific products and services sold on the agricultural market, and also reflects the emerging financial flows and typical subjects of the innovation process in the industry. The analysis of indicators of net profit and costs for technological innovations of enterprises A and B of the Yekaterinovsky district of the Saratov region is carried out. The correlation analysis carried out between the level of profitability and the costs of technological innovations in crop production of enterprises A and B of the Yekaterinovsky district of the Saratov region allowed us to identify the impact of innovative technologies used in crop production on increasing the level of profitability. The organizational and economic mechanism of reproduction of fixed assets in the crop production industry is considered, which made it possible to identify sources of financing of the reproduction process at enterprises. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the use of innovative technologies in the crop production industry is one of the key reasons that create conditions for expanded reproduction. The cause-and-effect relationships are revealed when introducing technological innovations in order to form a model of reproduction of fixed assets in the crop production industry.

Development of a Scientific and Methodological Approach towards Increasing the Level of Innovative Activity of Enterprises of the Timber Industry Complex

The paper is devoted to the problems of developing scientific and methodological approaches to as-sessing the level of innovative activity of enterprises of the timber industry complex. The author uses materials that characterize the innovative potential and innovative development of woodworking enter-prises, pulp and paper industry enterprises, furniture enterprises, and enterprises for growing forest crops. The study highlights the features of the de-velopment of innovative processes, consisting in the priority of the use of technological and environ-mental innovations in production, as one of the conditions for ensuring competitiveness. The basis of the research methodology is the formation of an integral indicator of the degree of influence of fac-tors on the innovative development of enterprises. The developed methodological approach is based on the study of the innovative potential of forestry enterprises, as a combination of four components (scientific and innovative, technical and production, environmental, information and communication), and on the assessment of five groups of factors (financial and economic, material and technical, in-formation, environmental natural, digital).

Adaptation of Digital and Physical Innovation in Agriculture with Special Reference to Academicians

Change is permanent in any area of business and every other sector. Digital transformations in agriculture sector stimulate to the growth and development in agriculture and to the economy at large. Digital innovation in agriculture is an inevitable concept to attain maximum output and yield that reduces the loss arising out of poor cultivation techniques. In India agriculture provides livelihood for about 60% of the population, among this population majority of them are small-scale farmers of which agriculture subsidies are majorly used by large-scale and medium-scale farmer. The unequal distribution of subsidies to farmer is one of the major causes for farmer’s suicides in India which recorded for at least 10 per day as of 2017 and 2018 record. This situation can be combated by proper distribution of subsidy and by shifting cultivation methods and technique in nation at large. Indian farmers can attain profitability, productivity and progress only by adapting to technological innovation in production. This paper is an attempt to bring out the needs for change in agriculture production techniques by which farmers can expect maximum profit and maximum yield. It also elaborates how digital and physical innovation helps farmer in attaining maximum yield in limited time incurring less cost. This paper takes into account primary data to justify that transformation in agriculture is mandate to attain growth and development in this current era.

Key accents of agenda of industrial development in Ukraine

Industry of Ukraine requires cardinal changes both for overcoming of the current crisis phenomena and for providing of favourable conditions for dynamic and effective increase in a long-term prospect. Actuality of problem grows under impact of scale transformations in geopolitical and geoeconomical landscapes. The key trends of industrial development in the world are determined by the processes of introduction of innovative technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). However, at present starting positions of national economy and industry in particular are unfavorable for realization of such projects. The problem of disparity of necessity and possibilities transition of industrial production to the new technological level must be settled by continuous adjustment of industry development strategy and state tactics to the specific national aims and conditions (macroeconomic, institutional, foreign-policy) The aim of this article is to accent attention on actual directions, mechanisms, and instruments, which are most accessible, acceptable (economical and institutional measuring) and effective for realization of industrial development strategy under existing conditions in Ukraine. In the article the "road map" of becoming modern industrial production in Ukraine is offered. It covers five purposeful directions (blocks): science and innovation, finance and investment, institutional, structural changes, and market demand. Within each of them tendencies are analysed and priorities for public industrial policy are formulated. The significance and arguments for the urgent formation of national scientific and innovative potential as a factor in reducing the dependence of production and reproduction processes in industry on external influences are presented. The institutional block covers the issue of uncertainty of strategic prospects of industrial development in Ukraine as a deterrent factor to the necessary transformations. The importance of realization of the strategic role of the state at the present stage of industrial transformations is argued. The objective need to involve big business in the intensification of innovation processes based on various forms of partnership with the state is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the priority tasks of structural and sectoral development in the context of accelerating the implementation of modern technological solutions and product innovations. In particular, the importance of the manufacturing sectors of defence and ICT is accented. The importance of expansion and diversification of domestic and foreign markets for the development of high-tech sectors of in national industry is considered.

Differentiation in the Atlantic salmon industry: A synopsis

The value chain for farmed salmon has experienced substantial changes over the past decades as a result of innovation in production technology, logistics, distribution and marketing that have helped facilitate the rapid production growth. The high level of control over the production environment in principle makes it possible for Atlantic salmon to be tailored on a number of product attributes or dimensions in response to requirements from different customer groups. However, when compared to meat production, differentiation in farmed salmon remains limited, pointing to a still immature industry. Based primarily on interviews with Norwegian producers, we offer an overview of the prominent differentiation strategies today and discuss barriers to further differentiation.

한국제조기업의 기술협력 파트너쉽 유형과 제품혁신 성과의 통계적 상관관계에 대한 연구

한국제조기업의 기술협력 파트너쉽 유형과 제품혁신 성과의 통계적 상관관계에 대한 연구

The role of technological innovation in plastic production within a circular economy framework

The growing plastic waste problem has been highlighted by nature programmes like the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) War on Plastic series with the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2016 report estimating that by 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the world's oceans. This has prompted the call for a shift from the linear model of tackling the plastic waste issue to that of a Circular Economy model with increasing demand for recycled resin to be incorporated into the plastic production process alongside virgin resin. However, recycled content are often associated with problems like lack of stability between various combinations of virgin/recycle polymers, which may lead to variations in temperature and inconsistency in the ease of flow attributable to the different temperature and pressure regimes under which virgin raw material and recycled feedstock melt and cool. In this paper, our main contribution is a proposed framework for integrating an enhanced AI/DB interface for analysing historical and real time information/data into a joint DSC-TGA system that allows for simultaneous quality control checks and thermal stability tests on different virgin-recycled resin mixing ratios. The database comes equipped with proven estimation methods, testing and statistical analysis results of different resin specimens to serve as a reference point for production engineers in arriving at desired check and test conditions. The information will be particularly useful to plastic product manufacturers when making decisions regarding the right virgin-recycled mix ratio conditions when using different batches of recycled resin or when they switch a supplier.

Openness of Technological and Nontechnological Innovations

Research on open innovation has mainly focused on the management of flows of knowledge sources across organizational boundaries and its effect on technological (product and process) innovations. This article aims to extend the study of open innovation to nontechnological (organizational and marketing) innovations. We argue that extending the study of open innovation to nontechnological innovations gives an opportunity to create a theoretical bridge between the emerging open innovation literature and the expansive literature on organizational innovation, with useful implications for managerial practice. Empirical models are estimated using 3,977 firms from three consecutive panels of Chilean’s Community Innovation Survey, 2009-2014. The findings suggest that external sources have a u-shape relationship with technological innovations but a direct relationship with nontechnological innovations, showing that the limits of external knowledge sources on innovation outcome depend on the type of innovation organizations pursue. We discuss the implications of the findings and propose a conceptual model for future research.