Technological Conditions Research Articles

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in type 2 diabetes mellitus

With the development of the social economy, the quality of people's living standards has improved. The risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is greatly increased. CRISPR/Cas9 system can provide more accurate and effective treatment for T2DM. Nowadays, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is still in the scientific research stage in the field of treatment of T2DM, and still has many uncertainties. For example, the off-target problem, the lack of clinical trials and ethical issues. This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the research of CRISPR/Cas9 system on the treatment of T2DM, so as to provide a more systematic reference for the treatment method for future research. However, this treatment method also has the problem of Off-target. Although CRISPR/Cas9 system has high accuracy, it still has the problem of off-target, which may lead to the accidental injury of normal genes, thus causing unpredictable consequences. Technical problems: Although CRISPR/Cas9 system is relatively simple, it still needs superb technology and complex conditions in actual operation, which increases the treatment cost and time, and the sequelae of later treatment is still unclear. Both need further research by researchers.

The condition of science, technology and innovation policy in Iran: a historical evolutionary perspective based on network governance

The condition of science, technology and innovation policy in Iran: a historical evolutionary perspective based on network governance

Optimization of Malabar Nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) Leaves’ Phenolic Compounds by Alginate Emulsion-gelation Approach using Response Surface Methodology

Background: The encapsulation technique is an effective method for coating bioactive molecules and protecting them against various technological treatment conditions during production processing. Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize the encapsulation conditions of phenolic compounds extracted from Malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) leaves by alginate emulsion-gelation approach using response surface methodology Methods: The ionotropic gelation method was used to encapsulate the phenolic compounds of Malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) leaves. The optimization of this phenolic compounds encapsulation was carried out using response surface methodology through Box˗Behnken design. Four parameters with three levels (-1, 0, +1) were chosen including sodium alginate concentration (2 – 3 - 4%), calcium chloride concentration (4 - 6 - 8%), plant extract-alginate solution ratio (0.02 – 0.11 - 0.2 mg/ml), and gelation time (5 – 12.5 - 20 min). of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents encapsulation efficiency was assessed. Likewise, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using ferric-reducing power (FRP) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH). Results: The results of response surface methodology analysis using Box˗Behnken design showed that the optimal encapsulation conditions were 3.11% for alginate concentration, 5.74% for calcium chloride concentration, 0.1 mg/ml for the plant extract-alginate solution ratio, and 10.80 min for gelation time. Under these conditions, the optimum values of total phenolic and flavonoid encapsulation efficiency were 86.17% and 75.69%, respectively, 126.75 mg AAE/100 g for ferric reducing power and 97.29% for DPPH. The experimental and prediction results have expressed a high significant level for all responses. Conclusion: The method revealed the validity of elaborated models through response surface methodology optimization processes for phenolic antioxidants encapsulation of Malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) leaves extract.

Особливості взаємодії лігатури Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Mn з сірим чавуном

The use of antifriction cast irons operating under lubrication conditions for manufacturing machine and mechanism parts is currently inefficient and unjustified due to the need for continuous lubrication. This complicates maintenance, increases the risk of environmental contamination by lubricants, and also results in relatively low strength and resistance to impact loads. This work investigates the possibility of creating an antifriction material with self-lubricating capabilities during operation by alloying gray cast iron with the Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Mn alloy system. The process of obtaining the alloy is explored with the aim of developing technological conditions for producing a high-entropy alloy by casting. The research was conducted using metallographic, X-ray phase, and chemical analysis methods. Technological modes for the production of the Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Mn alloy have been developed. It consists of two solid solutions with FCC lattices and complex carbides (FeCr)7C3. It was shown that its liquidus and solidus temperatures (1346 °C and 1004 °C, respectively) are relatively low, which makes it suitable for alloying gray cast iron. This allows avoiding significant overheating and holding during alloying, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the process. It was established that the optimal amount of alloy addition to gray cast iron is 0.5% by weight, and the resulting alloyed material, in terms of its chemical composition, structure, and properties, is closest to standardized antifriction cast irons. The use of the Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Mn alloy provides an opportunity to develop an energy-efficient technological process for producing an antifriction material capable of self-lubricating during friction.

Urban Resilience Index Study on Ankara Metropolitan Area

Nowadays, urban planning, urban resilience, and climate change issues are discussed differently within the frame of developing and changing technological conditions. Studies on climate change, disasters, environmental data, and effective use of resources indicate that cities are responsible for exceeding their ecological limits. Cities are both the source of these problems and the most affected in terms of threats to urban residents and urban infrastructures. As a result of the uncertain and ever-changing risks brought on by urbanization and population growth worldwide that put pressure on cities in a variety of interconnected and complex ways perceptions of the preparedness and safety of cities are evolving. To manage these issues, new paradigms are needed. There is no consensus on the concept of urban resilience and methods for applying this concept in urban areas. In this research, how to create a relationship between existing approaches, theories, and practices in the field of urban resilience is discussed. The necessity to include resilience in numerical measurement techniques and planning applications and how these application methods will be operated was explained. In the process of creating a planning decision support system to ensure urban resilience, indicators that would provide input to measurement and index studies were researched, and new indicators were proposed. In this study, a formula for the urban resilience index was determined, and analyses that would provide input to the planning in Ankara metropolitan districts according to these indicators and urban resilience characteristics were put forward through geographic information systems. According to these studies, Gölbaşı was determined to be the district with the highest urban resilience index and Keçiören as the district with the lowest.

TECHNOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TRANSLATORS: FOCUS ON LOCALIZATION

Future translators need to be prepared for present-day circumstances to provide a localized international translation product that users worldwide will engage with equal vigor. The article highlights the author’s view on the technologization of professional training of future translators based on localization in the conditions of digitalization of higher linguistic education. To achieve the goal, various methods were used: a literature review (conducting a thorough review of the literature that includes current research, scientific articles, and methodologies on the technological enhancement of education); pedagogical practice analysis (identifying efficient digital technologies that demonstrate high efficiency and prevent educational losses, as well as analyzing successful practices of preparing aspiring translators for professional activities in general and localization in particular); and identification of effective digital technologies to improve education. In addition, a thorough comparison of digital technologies was conducted to assess their effectiveness in preparing future translators for localization. The study concluded that professional training should equip future translators with the skills to effectively use digital technologies in modern technological conditions, revolutionizing the training of translators through the digitization of translation education, with a special emphasis on localization. This approach improves educational progress by combining recursive and discursive paradigms, ensuring authenticity, promoting localization learning, and creating a transparent and flexible atmosphere in universities. The integration of digital technologies solves several important problems in education and guarantees its effectiveness: minimizing the time delay between exposure to new concepts and assessment of outcomes; the creation of a virtual and real foreign language environment that makes it possible to provide an individual learning trajectory focused on the abilities of students; improving control of knowledge, skills, and abilities; increasing the effectiveness of learning through interactivity, multimedia, and individualization.

Effect of Molecular Cooking Techniques on Functional Compounds

The development of technology and current conditions has enabled the diversification of studies on the foods, cooking techniques, and their effects on food composition. One of the emerging cooking methods in this context is molecular cooking, which is applied across various food categories, and offers numerous advantages beyond enhancing the appearance and taste of foods. Techniques such as sous vide, foaming, spherification, use of liquid nitrogen, powdering, flavor-aroma transfer, smoking, gelling, and ultrasonic application techniques are widely used in molecular gastronomy. The application of these cooking techniques can support consumer health by positively affecting the phenolic components and total antioxidant capacity of different foods, as well as promoting innovation in the food industry and presenting foods to consumers with attractive presentations. Moreover, molecular cooking techniques have the potential to innovate and transform the functional compounds of foods, diverging from traditional methods. These changes can significantly impact human health, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation and strategic approaches. This review investigates the effect of molecular cooking techniques on the functional compounds. Recent studies indexed in major databases were analyzed, and the data were systematically organized into tables, offering insights into the role of these techniques in shaping food composition.

Dairy raw materials quality evaluation under conditions of intensive robotic and baromembrane technologies

The objective of the article boils down to evaluate raw milk quality obtained under conditions of intensive robotic and baromembrane technologies for increasing microbiological stability. The article presents the analysis of phys icochemical, biotechnological and microbiological parameters of raw milk produced using the Lely Astronaut A4 ro botic milking system in comparison with milking into a milk pipeline using the DA-2M "Maiga" apparatus, subjected to baromembrane "cold" sterilization on CMFE microfiltration membranes. It has been established that the use of intensive robotic technologies - the Lely Astronaut A4 robotic milking system - allows to increase milk yield by an average of 12% compared to milking into a milk pipeline, reduce bacterial contamination of milk to less than 500 thousand bacteria in 1 ml and reduce titratable acidity by 0.17 °T. The authors have shown that optimal microbiologi cal parameters of milk are achieved by the microfiltration method. It has been established that during microfiltration sterilization of pre-skimmed milk on CMFE membranes, 99.9% of spores and bacteria are removed. To normalize the fat content of milk after baromembrane "cold" sterilization, the required amount of cream, sterilized by the classical thermal method with subsequent homogenization, is added.

Risk Contextualization for Nuclear Systems

Risk management strives to reach the standards of theoretical systematicity and empirical precision achieved in natural science models. To this end, a set of risk-informed and performance-based standards was developed in the form of statistically validated measures. The set enables the systematic extraction by deterministic and probabilistic analysis of potentially objective risk assessments and well-defined decisions. However, much of the data and models are subjectively influenced by the uncertainty of the context in which they are related and derived. Current risk analysis contains a large amount of risk-related information, but without the context of the models, its results lack sufficient predictive and explanatory power to be a solid basis for decisions. Therefore, to model the entire site of a multi-unit nuclear power plant as an integrated system connecting facility and activity, it is necessary to consider not only the technological conditions, but also the entire site context, including human, organizational, and environmental factors. An interface tool for dynamic deterministic-probabilistic safety analysis should be used to contextualize and complement existing risk indicators, but not to replace them. This article presents the possibilities of risk contextualization for nuclear systems through the symptom-based context quantification procedure of the Performance Evaluation Teamwork method.

Theoretical system of levels of constructing vehicle movement of ground urban electric transport vehicle

Digitalization of the transport industry and the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the automation of control of its main processes determine the need to search for new approaches to the description of electrical complexes and systems of transport purpose, their internal and external system properties. The public ground urban electric transport system is considered as a complex process of conversion, transmission and use of electrical energy and information in the electrical complex of urban electric transport, manifested in the organization of controlled movement of vehicles in specific conditions of production tasks and technology of passenger transportation. Based on the synergetic description of the properties, principles of organization and functioning of a complex production and technical system of urban electric transport, the controlled movement of vehicles has been presented as a multilevel technological process implemented by the electrical complex of urban electric transport. It has been proved that the basis of this process, formed by 5 hierarchically arranged levels, each of which provides a separate specific task of building the movement of vehicles, is the implementation of algorithms of traction electrical equipment. A theoretical system of levels of vehicle motion construction as a multilevel process has been formulated, mathematical models of each level have been identified, and sets of conditions characterizing "external" and "internal" "order parameters" defining hierarchical interlevel interrelations have been determined. The results of the work may be of interest to the developers of control systems of autonomous vehicles and driver assistance systems during the selection and justification of algorithms for the effective control of the electrical complex of traction electrical equipment of urban electric transport.

Исследование физико-механических свойств битумного вяжущего из нефтешламового гудрона для дорожного строительства

The authors consider the issues of utilization of oil waste in demand in practice for the production of bitumen binders widely used in road construction. To solve this urgent problem, it is necessary to study the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of the bitumen binder obtained from oil sludge tar. The aim of the study is to select the optimal conditions for the fractional separation of oil sludge components with the release of tar, as well as to determine the technological conditions for obtaining high-quality road bitumen from tar. A physico-chemical analysis of oil sludge samples was carried out. A step-by-step selection of the distillation product was carried out with its further physico-chemical analysis. The main technological parameters of bitumen binder production have been selected. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained bitumen samples have been studied and their corresponding grades have been established in accordance with the standard in force in Kazakhstan. By the methods of infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography of tar samples, satisfactory indicators were obtained for the presence of asphaltene compounds that contribute to improving the quality of the road surface. The analysis of the research results showed the prospects of oil sludge processing technologies in order to obtain tar, the raw material for the production of road bitumen. The use of oil sludge as a raw material for the production of road bitumen is economically advantageous due to the relative cheapness of the product and the technological simplicity of the processes of distillation of oil waste and tar oxidation.

Взаимодействие государства и общества в СССР: стимулирование инициативы и творческой активности советского народа

The author refers to the Soviet period of our country’s history and characterizes the interaction of the state and society of that time. The instruments of interaction are named as citizens’ appeals, elections, orders to deputies, reports of deputies, appeals with letters to the media, citizens’ meetings. Particular attention is paid to appeals. It is noted that the right to appeal was not enshrined in the Soviet Constitutions until 1977, but working with them was given great importance, since they were considered a form of feedback with the population, gave an assessment of the work of government bodies, were a source of information about problems, helped in finding new solutions and ideas. Such a channel was adequate to the technical and technological conditions of that time. Over 70 years, society demonstrated both active and passive forms of adaptation to the state. It is concluded that in the USSR, legal conditions were created for the active involvement of citizens in the work on the implementation of state functions. The dual nature of the relationship between society and the state is characteristic of the USSR period: the monopolization of power by the nomenclature and the mass involvement of society in governing the state.

Biotinylation of human platelets is compatible with pathogen inactivation treatment and cold storage for clinical studies.

Production of platelet concentrates (PCs) involves several steps that significantly affect platelet behavior. To gain a deeper understanding of how storage conditions impact donor platelet recirculation and functionality post-transfusion, ex vivo platelet labeling is a feasible approach. However, before pursuing clinical investigations of platelet recirculation and function in humans, we aimed to determine the effects of pathogen inactivation technology (PIT) and storage conditions (4°C vs. room temperature [RT]) on phenotype and function of biotinylated platelets compared to conventional PIT PCs for transfusion. Nine PCs were prepared in 61% additive solution from 45 buffy coats (five buffy coats each). A pool-and-split of three units was used to prepare three equivalent PCs: two labeled with biotin and stored at RT or 4°C, and one without labeling and stored at RT. All PCs were then treated by PIT (amotosalen/UVA) and stored for 14 days. Labeling efficiency, platelet concentration, metabolic parameters, aggregation response (ADP, collagen, co-aggregation with epinephrine), and platelet phenotype (CD42b, CD62-P, phosphatidylserine) at the basal stage and upon stimulation (ADP or TRAP-6) were performed. Labeling efficiency of PIT and 4°C PCs was stable over 14 days of storage. Differences in platelet function and phenotype were mainly due to the storage temperature and not the biotinylation process. Phenotypes at baseline or after stimulation were equivalent in biotin-positive and biotin-negative platelets. Biotin-labeled platelets can effectively enable investigation of the effects of PIT and storage temperature for clinical studies. This method shows great potential for improving platelet transfusion knowledge.

Impact Factors of the Maturity of FSSC in the Digital Age: A Study Based on Structural Equation Modeling

Since the mid-1980s, many multinational companies (MNCs) have transformed their finance functions into financial shared service centers (FSSCs), in order to cut costs and optimize internal operations. When it came to the 21st century, breakthroughs in technology have witnessed the rapid growth of the digital economy, promoting the digital transformation of enterprises and the digital transformation of finance. The construction of a FSSC has laid a solid foundation for the digital transformation of finance and has gained popularity in large companies. However, the practices of FSSC in China are deeply associated with the development of IT. Some scholars see it as a kind of IT application in the finance function, as evidenced by the active involvement of IT companies in the establishment of FSSCs. In this paper, the authors launched a questionnaire to measure the maturity of the FSSC in Chinese companies. Data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM), aiming to study the factors that have impacts on the maturity of FSSC and the influencing path of the factors. Influencing factors were designed based on the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) theory, and the maturity model of FSSC was modified from the PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) maturity model of FSSC. And then a structural model was constructed. Various tests for SEM were used, and the study showed that the technological and organizational conditions of enterprises have promoted the construction and development of FSSCs, while the external environmental conditions indirectly influenced the maturity of FSSC through affecting the organizational and technological conditions. The paper also showed the influencing path of the factors.

Factors Shaping Organizational Contingency Plans: Insights into Risk Management and Preparedness

Contingency planning is vital for organizations to sustain operations amidst unforeseen challenges, particularly in the volatile and uncertain business landscape of today. This study explores the factors influencing the contingency planning process, focusing on internal elements such as leadership and organizational culture, alongside external factors like technological advancements and market conditions. Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected from 139 participants in IT companies based in Erbil, Kurdistan. The findings reveal significant relationships between organizational culture, leadership, risk management strategies, and external factors in shaping effective contingency plans. Practical recommendations are provided to enhance preparedness and resilience in the IT sector. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on risk management and business continuity, offering actionable insights for organizations striving to navigate complexities in a dynamic environment.

Ideographic writing: the language act of sound-image

ABSTRACT Drawing on a case study of a part of the experimental writing Hayfever, Love and Other Impossible with Microsoft Word, ideographic writing proposes to understand writing in word processing to be a language act of sound-image, enabling ideation in its technological material process. It calls for a material processual view of understanding writing and its ideation with media technologies through three characteristics: the operative, the processual sound-image, and the abstraction. Firstly, computational media and typographical technologies condition writing to be operative in the material process of ideation. Sound-image then enables a graphic tracing of ideation, resonating with the events of graphic device in specific temporalities. ion moreover generalises and individuates sound-image among technological matter. Ideographic writing with these three characteristics does not reach the threshold of signification, but multiplies the patterns of operation, making itself a machinery secondary to and against forms of representation.

CRYSTALS GROWTH OF AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SOLID SOLUTIONS IN THE Ag8SiS6 HOMOGENEITY REGION

Compounds with an argyrodite structure are a family of complex chalcogenides that demonstrate a wide range of properties: superionics, thermoelectrics, sensors, and photovoltaic materials. For sulfur-containing representatives, the main field of application is solid-state ionics. However, the formation of solid solutions is used to modify and improve the functional parameters of individual argyrodites. When solid solutions are formed by iso- or heterovalent substitution, an additional deformation of the crystal structure occurs, which increases the efficiency of ion transport. For the growth of single crystals, the method of direct crystallization by melt-solution technique was used. Based on the results of DTA, technological conditions for growing single crystals of solid solutions of Ag7.75P0.25Si0.75S6 and Ag7.5P0.5Si0.5S6 were developed. The temperature of the melt zone (Tmelt) was 50 K higher than the melting point of the solid solutions, and the temperature of the annealing zone (Tann) was 2/3 of their crystallization temperature determined by the DTA method. As a result, single crystals of dark gray color with a metallic luster were obtained. The crystal structure of the solid solutions of Ag7.75P0.25Si0.75S6 and Ag7.5P0.5Si0.5S6 was determined by the Rietveld method. Both solid solutions crystallize in a rhombic crystal system, SG Pna21, with lattice parameters: a = 15.06 Å, b = 7.44 Å, c = 10.54 Å (Ag7.75P0.25Si0.75S6) and a = 15.06 Å, b = 7.44 Å, c = 10.54 Å (Ag7.5P0.5Si0.5S6).

TOE Configuration Analysis of Smart City Construction in China Under the Concept of Sustainable Development

The construction of smart cities is an effective path for sustainable urban development. Determining how to build smart cities and choose effective development models has attracted attention from all walks of life. Consequently, determining how to promote the development of smart cities and how to choose effective development models has also attracted attention. This paper takes 77 prefecture-level cities in China as case studies to explore the impact of technology, organization, and environment on the high-level development of smart cities. In this study, the fsQCA (fuzzy set-based qualitative comparative analysis) method was used to explore the configuration effects of three types of factors. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, no single factor among the three categories is a necessary condition for the high development level of smart cities, indicating that relying solely on technological conditions cannot build high-level smart cities. Secondly, the path of development of a smart city can be summarized into three modes: Both organizational and industrial environment type, both governance and cultural environment type, and balanced development type. Finally, among the three modes, the government’s digital governance capability and industrial environment play a crucial role in achieving a high level of development in smart cities. This article examines the development of smart cities from a systems perspective and provides useful, practical insights for the construction of smart cities.

Sensing the Future-Frontiers in Biosensors: Exploring Classifications, Principles, and Recent Advances.

Biosensors are transforming healthcare by delivering swift, precise, and economical diagnostic solutions. These analytical instruments combine biological indicators with physical transducers to identify and quantify biomarkers, thereby improving illness detection, management, and patient surveillance. Biosensors are widely utilized in healthcare for the diagnosis of chronic and infectious diseases, tailored treatment, and real-time health monitoring. This thorough overview examines several categories of biosensors and their uses in the detection of numerous biomarkers, including glucose, proteins, nucleic acids, and infections. Biosensors are commonly classified based on the type of transducer employed or the specific biorecognition element utilized. This review introduces a novel classification based on substrate morphology, offering a comprehensive perspective on biosensor categorization. Considerable emphasis is placed on the advancement of point-of-care biosensors, facilitating decentralized diagnostics and alleviating the strain on centralized healthcare systems. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have significantly improved the sensitivity, selectivity, and downsizing of biosensors, rendering them more efficient and accessible. The study examines problems such as stability, reproducibility, and regulatory approval that must be addressed to enable the widespread implementation of biosensors in clinical environments. The study examines the amalgamation of biosensors with wearable devices and smartphones, emphasizing the prospects for ongoing health surveillance and individualized medical care. This viewpoint clarifies the distinct types of biosensors and their particular roles, together with recent developments in the "smart biosensor" sector, facilitated by artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This novel approach seeks to deliver a comprehensive evaluation of the present condition of biosensor technology in healthcare, recent developments, and prospective paths, emphasizing their significance in influencing the future of medical diagnostics and patient care.

Digital Twin in the Design and Dynamic Assessment of Energy Performance of Multi-Family Buildings

The article explores the potential of Digital Twin (DT) technology in the design and dynamic assessment of the energy performance of multi-family buildings. Traditional approaches to building energy assessment provide static data that do not account for changing operational conditions and lack continuous energy consumption-monitoring capabilities. The use of Digital Twin enables monitoring and analyzing of the building’s energy parameters at every stage of its life cycle. The article presents the application of DT technology for assessing energy performance at the conceptual stage and in the early phases of design. These parameters must meet legal requirements. Validation conducted on four multi-family buildings demonstrated high accuracy, with the average difference between predicted and actual energy performance (EP) values below 3.5%. Thanks to the DT model, it is possible to determine energy parameters already at the conceptual stage, which helps avoid costly changes in later project phases. Early determination of these parameters also allows for accurate estimation of design and investment costs. Tests of the proposed solution were conducted on several multi-family buildings, comparing preliminary data with final results. The research results show that DT technology allows for precise planning of energy performance at the conceptual and preliminary design stages. This reduces operational costs, increases energy efficiency, and better adapts buildings to changing technological and legal conditions.