Technological Conditions Research Articles

An iterative consumer-centric and technology-driven product innovation strategy based on selective and dynamic consumer attention

Consumer attention is a critical factor in driving consumer-centric innovation characterized by selectivity and dynamism. However, existing literature has emphasized the selectivity but overlooked the dynamism vital for frequent iterative innovation. This study addresses the gap by exploring innovation strategies with dynamic consumer attention. We constructed a data-driven agent-based model (ABM) with two decision-making entities: manufacturers and consumers. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) results obtained from consumer reviews are used to shape consumer agents with selective and dynamic attention. A comparative experiment, utilizing manufacturers insights based on various consumer-generated knowledge, was devised to evaluate iterative innovation efficacy. The findings highlight benefits of innovation strategies considering consumer attention drivers, especially consumer self-learning and social influence behaviors. Additionally, we identified consumers' observation bias in product attributes exhibits a notable inverted U-shaped effect on new product adoption, and negatively impacting repeat purchases. Moreover, our results show that as technology for new products matures, incremental iteration based on consumer attention becomes the optimal strategy. However, rapid technological advancements or disruptive changes could make attention-focused strategies less reliable. These insights offer valuable implications for manufacturers to optimize product innovation strategies by understanding consumer characteristics, limited innovation resources, and current technological conditions.

MICRO- AND NANO-ENGINEERING OF SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUNDS AND METAL STRUCTURES BASED ON ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

This paper aims to address the challenges of micro- and nano-engineering semiconductor compounds and fabricating metal-semiconductor nanocomposite materials by developing theoretical concepts for the application of electrochemical nanostructuring technologies to semiconductor substrates. It includes identifying the technological conditions for controlled electrochemical etching to create nanostructured semiconductor templates with wide bandgaps, such as III-V semiconductors (InP, GaAs, GaN) and II-VI compounds (CdSe, ZnSe, ZnxCd1-xS). The study also demonstrates the conditions for electrochemical metal deposition in porous semiconductor templates and investigates the laws and mechanisms of metal deposition depending on the composition of the semiconductor substrates and current pulse parameters. Additionally, the paper addresses the conditions for electrochemical etching of semiconductor substrates to produce nanowire networks with directed alignment to the substrate surface, instead of merely producing porous layers. A comprehensive investigation of the properties of the developed nanostructures and materials is proposed to demonstrate their applicability in nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and photonic devices.

Polar-Region Soils as Novel Reservoir of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Genus Carnobacterium.

Polar habitats offer excellent sites to isolate unique bacterial strains due to their diverse physical, geochemical, and biological factors. We hypothesize that the unique environmental conditions of polar regions select for distinct strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with novel biochemical properties. In this study, we characterized ten strains of psychrotrophic LAB isolated from hitherto poorly described sources-High Arctic and maritime Antarctic soils and soil-like materials, including ornithogenic soils, cryoconites, elephant seal colonies, and postglacial moraines. We evaluated the physiological and biochemical properties of the isolates. Based on 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes, the four LAB strains were assigned to three Carnobacterium species: C. alterfunditum, C. maltaromaticum, and C. jeotgali. The remaining strains may represent three new species of the Carnobacterium genus. All isolates were neutrophilic and halophilic psychrotrophs capable of fermenting various carbohydrates, organic acids, and alcohols. The identified metabolic properties of the isolated Carnobacterium strains suggest possible syntrophic interactions with other microorganisms in polar habitats. Some showed antimicrobial activity against food pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and human pathogens like Staphylococcus spp. Several isolates exhibited unique metabolic traits with potential biotechnological applications that could be more effectively exploited under less stringent technological conditions compared to thermophilic LAB strains, such as lower temperatures and reduced nutrient concentrations. Analysis of extrachromosomal genetic elements revealed 13 plasmids ranging from 4.5 to 79.5 kb in five isolates, featuring unique genetic structures and high levels of previously uncharacterized genes. This work is the first comprehensive study of the biochemical properties of both known and new Carnobacterium species and enhances our understanding of bacterial communities in harsh and highly selective polar soil ecosystems.

Technological And Connectivity Conditions of Undergraduate Students of Economics, Accounting and Administrative Sciences at A Peruvian Public University

The purpose of the research was to identify the ICT and connectivity conditions of university students and how they use them in their undergraduate studies at a Peruvian public university. Data was collected from 208 students of the Professional Schools of Business Administration, Tourism Administration, Accounting and Economics enrolled in the Academic Semester 2024-1, with the support of a Google Forms survey. The results show that students mainly use laptops (90%) and cell phones (95%). They use wifi networks for their studies, 35% of them do not a c c e s s a network at the University or home. The preferred mobile operators are Claro (38.3%) and Bitel (35%). The preferred online service is Canva (48.3%). The most used social network is Facebook (88.3%), followed by Tik Tok (66.7%), Instagram (60%), YouTube (43.3%) and Twitter (25%). Technological conditions are limited to promote academic learning.

Transport Fleet Electrification Development Conditions—Perspective of Transport, Shipping, and Logistics Industry in Poland

The development of electric vehicle fleets is an important element of today’s economic, social, and ecological development. This multidimensional sustainable process, although not easy, generates many tangible benefits for various stakeholders, ranging from environmental to financial and competence issues. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of transformation toward rational energy management is gaining momentum on a global scale, there is a significant disproportion in terms of development levels depending on the origin of the economy. The aim of this research article is to identify the key factors affecting the development of fleet electrification in the transport, shipping, and logistics (TSL) sector in Poland. Based on a literature review, a fleet development framework was developed using a PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) analysis and evaluated by TSL companies. According to the conclusions drawn, the most important stimulants are economic factors and technological factors, which limit the development of electrified transport fleets in the TSL industry. Based on this, the authors propose various solutions to improve economic profitability and technological conditions. In addition, it was found that the attitudes of the decision makers at transport companies and cooperation within the TSL sector are also important.

Information Support of the Library and Information Sphere: Updating Dissertation Researches

The article considers the domestic dissertation works devoted to the information support of library specialists. On the example of studies conducted in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the dynamics of development of library and information sciences in the context of information technology development is traced. It shows the increasing demand of scientists and library practitioners for industry-specific information — both full-text and bibliographic. The possibilities of creation and delivery of branch information products to the consumer are analyzed, taking into account social changes, as well as material, resource and technological conditions, which allows us to consider this topic relevant at present.

Green surfactant and circulating ultrasound coupling extraction of total flavonoids from Cynanchum auriculatum leaves: Parameter optimization, extraction mechanism, and HPLC-MS analysis

This study aimed to devise an integrated green surfactant and circulating ultrasound coupling extraction (GSCUE) approach for extracting the total flavonoids from Cynanchum auriculatum leaves. Single-factor optimization combined with a Box–Behnken design was used to determine the optimal technological conditions, which included an APG0814/MES amount of 5 % (w/v), extraction temperature of 46 °C, ultrasound irradiation power of 509 W, liquid–solid ratio of 30 mL/g, mixing speed of 1000 r/min, and extraction time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of the total flavonoids reached 7.83 mg/g. The HPLC-MS was applied to identify the flavonoid compositions in Cynanchum auriculatum leaves extract. The results showed that flavonoid composition included Gardenin B, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, 4′-Methoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8,3′-dihydroxyflavanone, Astragalin, Spiraeoside, Rutin, and Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside. Further, to investigate the GSCUE mechanism, plant samples before and after extraction were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. The results indicate that the functional groups, surface microstructure, and surface wettability of the plant samples all affect the yield of the target active ingredients. The hydrophilic group content on the plant sample surface after GSCUE treatment was higher compared to the case of the untreated samples. Additionally, there was evidence of surface structural collapse and shrinkage, increased surface roughness, and a decreased contact angle due to GSCUE treatment. These results highlight the greater surface wettability of the plant samples, faster solvent penetration, and an effective increase in the total flavonoid yield, indicating the synergistic effect of combining ultrasound with green surfactants for total flavonoid extraction. Overall, GSCUE technology provided a sustainable and efficient approach for extracting the total flavonoids from plant materials.

Remote Monitoring, AI, Machine Learning and Mobile Ultrasound Integration upon 5G Internet in the Prehospital Care to Support the Golden Hour Principle and Optimize Outcomes in Severe Trauma and Emergency Surgery.

Feasibility and reliability evaluation of 5G internet networks (5G IN) upon Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML), of telemonitoring and mobile ultrasound (m u/s) in an ambulance car (AC)- integrated in the pre-hospital setting (PS)- to support the Golden Hour Principle (GHP) and optimize outcomes in severe trauma (TRS). (PS) organization and care upon (5G IN) high bandwidths (10 GB/s) mobile tele-communication (mTC) experimentation by using the experimental Cobot PROMETHEUS III, pn:100016 by simulation upon six severe trauma clinical cases by ten (N1=10) experts: Four professional rescuers (n1=4), three trauma surgeons (n2=3), a radiologist (n3=1) and two information technology specialists (n4=2) to evaluate feasibility, reliability and clinical usability for instant risk, prognosis and triage computation, decision support and treatment planning by (AI)/(ML) computations in (PS) of (TRS) as well as by performing (PS) (m u/s). A. Trauma severity scales instant computations by the Cobot PROMETHEUS III, pn 100016) ) based on AI and ML complex algorithms and Cloud Computing, telemonitoring and r showed very high feasibility and reliability upon (5GIN) under specific, technological, training and ergonomic prerequisites B. Measured be-directional (m u/s) images data sharing between (AC) and (ED/TC) showed very high feasibility and reliability upon (5G IN) under specific, technological and ergonomic conditions in (TRS). Integration of (PS) tele-monitoring with (AI)/(ML) and (PS) (m u/s) upon (5GIN) via the Cobot PROMETHEUS III, (pn 100016) in severe (TRS/ES), seems feasible and under specific prerequisites reliable to support the (GHP) and optimize outcomes in adult and pediatric (TRS/ES).

Mobile Government Service Promotion Strategies: Exploring Sustainable Development Pathways Based on Provincial Government Practices in China

The level of mobile government services has become a crucial metric for modernizing a government’s governance capabilities, and it plays a significant role in promoting sustainable development. This study aims to explore the key factors influencing the level of mobile government services across 31 provinces in China, along with their combinatory pathways. Using the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework and employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study conducts an in-depth analysis of mobile government service levels across these provinces, focusing on the dimensions of technology, organization, and environment. The results identify three pathways that promote high levels of mobile government services: technology–organization, technology–environment, and internal–external linkage-driven pathways. These pathways offer viable strategies for achieving sustainable development in mobile government services. Additionally, this study identifies two pathways associated with lower service levels, technology deficiency, and organization–environment misalignment, highlighting key factors that hinder sustainable development. The findings suggest that organizational and environmental factors can complement each other based on technological conditions, internet penetration rates, and citizen participation levels. Based on these insights, this study recommends that provincial governments proactively explore sustainable development pathways, optimize the “technology–organization–environment” conditions to harness synergies, and work towards enhancing mobile government service levels, thereby reducing inter-provincial disparities and advancing sustainable development.

Transforming policing in Ghana through technology: a focus on police operations in the Greater Accra region

Integrating technology into policing has the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness, transparency, and community participation of law enforcement agencies. This study examines the profound influence of technology on the Ghana Police Service, with a specific emphasis on the Greater Accra Region. The main aim of this research is to examine how technological advancements might enhance police results and tackle existing difficulties in the context of law enforcement in Ghana. The study adopts a qualitative research approach and collects data from police officers and community members through the use of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The investigation involved the participation of a combined total of twenty-six police officials from the Tema and Accra Regional Headquarters, as well as twenty-two community members. The data gathering procedure sought to gather a wide range of viewpoints on the present condition of technology in law enforcement, its advantages, difficulties, and prospects for future advancement. The results demonstrate that the utilisation of technology, such as mobile data terminals and social media platforms, can greatly improve the effectiveness of police operations, promote community involvement, and increase transparency. Nevertheless, the presence of obstacles such as insufficient infrastructure, cultural opposition, and the necessity for extensive training were also acknowledged. The research enhances the current knowledge by presenting empirical evidence on the benefits and constraints of technology in law enforcement, particularly in the setting of Ghana. This study emphasises the significance of making strategic investments in technology infrastructure and training, as well as the necessity of establishing legal frameworks to tackle ethical and privacy concerns. Additionally, it proposes that future studies should prioritise examining the enduring viability of technological advancements in law enforcement and investigating their effects in various geographical areas. The study suggests that politicians and law enforcement organisations should promote the deployment of technology in a way that is successful and build public trust in the Ghana Police Service.

Streaming Feminism: Women-centered Net Dramas, Global Television Culture, and Feminist Textual Possibilities

In this study, we investigate the influence of streaming platforms, with their relatively new industrial arrangements and relations with the media regulatory structure, on the cultural production of dramas in China. We focus on women-centered net dramas to demonstrate how feminist discourses found a place on streaming platforms, thereby opening up creative yet vulnerable textual possibilities for reflection on gender politics. We situate the production of these net dramas within the political economy and technological conditions of the streaming industry and further consider the implications of such mediated feminism for the pursuit of gender equality in China. Our examination of feminist discourses in streaming culture also resonates with the ongoing global transformation of cultural productions in the television industry.

New Design and Characteristics of Probiotics Immobilized on a Clinoptilolite-Containing Tuff

Increasing the biological effectiveness of probiotic preparations requires the development of new stable forms in the gastrointestinal tract. Live bacteria immobilized on a sorbent belong to the latest, fourth generation of probiotics, which ensures a prolonged effect. This study is devoted to developing a new method of preparing active lactobacilli on a natural mineral carrier, a tuff containing zeolite of the clinoptilolite group, which is among the most common authigenic silicate minerals that occur in sedimentary rocks and is known as a safe ion-exchange and adsorbing detoxicant. Among the characterized lactobacilli, strains of L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. crispatus possessed a high level of acid formation and stability in gastrointestinal fluids. The protective effect of the clinoptilolite-containing tuff was registered when the samples were incubated in gastric juice. The optimal technological conditions for immobilization and lyophilization were determined, and the preservation of the viability and probiotic properties of bacteria was confirmed during 8 months of storage. The release of bacteria from the carrier occurred gradually over 12 h. The data obtained show how promising the new preparation is, combining the ability to detoxify harmful intestinal metabolites and the prolonged release of probiotics.

Optimization and stability analysis of citric acid-assisted extraction of Lonicera caerulea pomace

This study employed both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize the technological conditions for citric acid-assisted extraction of bioactive components from Lonicera caerulea pomace. We optimized the contents of polyphenols and crude polysaccharides in the extract based on extraction volume, temperature, and time. The ANN model exhibited superior predictability and accuracy compared to the RSM model. Using citric acid solution with a pH of 2 as the extraction agent, the optimal conditions were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:36, an extraction temperature of 63 °C, and an extraction time of 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that citric acid-assisted extraction destroyed the surface microstructure of Lonicera caerulea pomace, facilitating the release of bound substances. Furthermore, a storage stability experiment demonstrated that retention rates of polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in powdered Lonicera caerulea pomace extract remained above 90% after 4 weeks at 4 °C in the dark. Anthocyanin, a primary polyphenol in Lonicera caerulea, correlated significantly with antioxidant activity, as confirmed by PCA results.

Evaluation of Chemical Compounds in Local Garlic Genotypes from Southwestern Romania

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most esteemed plants due to its medicinal properties. Its health benefits for humans are attributed to its chemical compounds. Few studies characterize garlic genotypes cultivated in Romania concerning their chemical composition. In this context, this study aimed to determine the chemical compounds for 16 local garlic genotypes cultivated under the same climatic and technological conditions. The chemical characteristics studied were the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), reducing sugar content, antioxidant activity (AO), vitamin C, and acidity level. Chemical composition varied significantly among genotypes: TPC ranged from 656.07 to 1317.32 µg GAE/g FW; TFC ranged from 427.08 to 1447.90 µg QE/g FW; vitamin C ranged from 3.24 to 5.37 mg/g FW; reducing sugar content ranged from 3.24 to 5.37 mg/g FW; and the acidity level for the control was 6 meq/100 g. Among the selected genotypes, differences were observed between 3.48 and 11.02 meq/100 g. Significant correlations were noted between different compounds, specifically between TPC and AO, as well as between TPC and acidity level. In conclusion, this study highlights significant variability in terms of chemical composition of local garlic genotypes, which indicates notable differences between them and suggests that the genotypes may have different potential in medicinal and nutritional uses due to their distinctive chemical compositions.

Implementation of a digital distress detection system in palliative care: qualitative data on perspectives of a multiprofessional palliative care team

BackgroundDigital health technologies such as sensor systems are intended to support healthcare staff in providing adequate patient care. In the Department of Palliative Medicine (University Medical Center Freiburg), we developed and implemented a noninvasive, bed-based sensor system in a pilot study. The aim was to detect distress in patients who were no longer able to express themselves by monitoring heart and respiratory rates, vocalizations, and movement measurements. The sensor system was intended to supplement standard care, which generally cannot guarantee constant monitoring. As there is a lack of data on how healthcare professionals experience such a techno-digital innovation, the aim of this study was to explore how the multiprofessional palliative care team who piloted the sensor system perceived its potential benefits and limitations, and how they experienced the broader context of healthcare technology and research in palliative care.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative interview study with 20 members of the palliative care team and analyzed the recorded, verbatim transcribed interviews using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe sensor system was described as easy to use and as helpful support for patients, care staff, and relatives, especially against the backdrop of demographic change. However, it could not replace human interpretation of stress and subsequent treatment decisions: this remained the expertise of the nursing staff. A potential reduction in personnel was expected to be a risk of a digital monitoring system. The special conditions of research and digital health technologies in an end-of-life context also became clear. Specifically, healthcare staff were open to health technologies if they benefited the patient and were compatible with professional nursing and/or palliative care attitudes. Additionally, a patient-protective attitude and possible interprofessional differences in priorities and the resulting challenges for the team became apparent.ConclusionsA potential digital solution for distress monitoring was considered useful by palliative care practitioners. However, interprofessional differences and compatibility with existing palliative care practices need to be considered before implementing such a system. To increase user acceptability, the perspectives of healthcare professionals should be included in the implementation of technological innovations in palliative care.

Robust optimization approaches in inventory management: Part B - the comparative study

This comparative study, constituting Part B of our extensive investigation into Robust Optimization (RO) in inventory management, builds on the foundational insights from Part A’s survey. It conducts a thorough analysis of various RO formulations and algorithms, emphasizing their practical application, efficacy, and computational considerations in inventory management contexts. This study is meticulously structured to address the pivotal inquiries identified in Part A, encompassing the effective representation of uncertainty, the selection of optimal decision criteria, the influence of decision rules on inventory management performance, computational challenges, and the adaptability of these methods to evolving technological and market conditions. This research juxtaposes theoretical findings with empirical data, offering a comprehensive evaluation of the strengths, limitations, and practical implications of each robust inventory model discussed in the literature. This investigation not only complements the survey in Part A but also serves as a standalone, in-depth contribution to robust inventory management.

Do intraoral scanning technologies affect the trueness of dental arches with crowding, diastema, and edentulous spaces? A clinical perspective

ObjectivesTo evaluate the trueness of dental arches digitised by two intraoral scanning (IOS) technologies from patients presenting crowding, diastema, and bilateral posterior edentulous space with tilted molar. MethodsConventional impressions and dental stone models were generated from three patients presenting the aforementioned dental arch conditions. These models were digitised on a desktop scanner, and the resulting mesh was used as reference. Subsequently, the patients were scanned using confocal based (CF; iTero Element 2) and blue laser-multiscan (BLM; Virtuo Vivo) imaging IOS technology, totalling thirty scans. The meshes from the scans were exported in Standard Tessellation Language format and analysed using Geomagic Control X software. Root mean square (RMS) indicated deviation magnitude. Differences in IOS technologies were evaluated with paired t-tests, and dental arch conditions compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). ResultsDigital dental arch from blue laser-multiscan technology showed lower trueness compared to confocal based technology for crowding (p = 0.0084) and edentulous spaces (p = 0.0025) conditions. When the types of oral condition were compared, discrepancies were significantly different for both IOS technologies, featuring the arch with diastema showing the lowest trueness, followed by edentulous spaces and crowding. ConclusionDental arches presenting crowding and edentulous spaces digitised by blue laser-multiscan technology exhibited greater discrepancies compared to confocal based imaging technology. Furthermore, trueness varied among the dental arch conditions. Clinical SignificanceThe IOS technology and patient's dental arch condition can influence the trueness of dental arch digitisation. Being aware of these effects allows clinicians to take them into account during scanning procedures, digital planning and manufacturing.

Research on the rapid tissue breeding technology of the endangered plant Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.

Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., a fern, holds significant value in traditional Chinese medicine. This research aimed to establish a rapid tissue breeding technology for Cibotium barometz (L.) and provide a theoretical basis for its artificial breeding and industrial planting. The optimum conditions for spores germination were selected, including both the best sterilization time and the ideal spore germination medium. Subsequently, the optimal medium for proliferation and differentiation were chosen, and the optimal concentration of plant hormones was screened to determine the optimal medium. The rooting experiment was performed in two single-factor experiments by using differentiated sporophytes as materials. These experiments showed that the optimal sterilization time was 11 min and the best medium for germination was 1/8MS + 0.02 mg/L IAA. MS medium was suitable for proliferation, while WPM medium was suitable for sporophyte differentiation. The best medium for growth was MS + 1.0 mg/L IAA + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA. In the absence of sucrose, the seedlings barely grew and failed to differentiate into sporophytes. They showed optimal growth and differentiation at a sucrose concentration of 20 g/L. The plant growth regulators plant growth regulators used, including IAA, NAA, 6-BA, and GA3, showed more effective differentiation, wherease KT had a slightly weaker effect. The rooting rate reached the maximum when the concentrations of ABT and IBA were at 1.5 mg•L− 1 and IAA was at 1.0 mg•L− 1. The IBA had a significant effect on the average and the longest root length, while the three PGRs had no obvious effect on the average or maximum diameter. Plant tissue culture seedlings still have good genetic stability after subsequent generation. In this study, the optimal cultivation conditions for rapid breeding technology in tissue culture, covering stages from germination and growth to differentiation and rooting, were obtained. Moreover, sporophytes were successfully transplanted to the external environment. This study provided a theoretical reference for the industrial planting of C. barometz.

Investigation of the influence of milk protein genotype on the process of fermentation of milk curds by mesophilic lactic acid streptococci

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the majority of commercial milk processed into fermented dairy products is a mixture of β-casein genotypes. The increasing use of A2 milk in the dairy industry necessitates the development of scientifically grounded technologies for the production of fermented products, as casein genotype modifications can affect the course of technological processes and require adjustments to production parameters. The study aimed to determine the impact of genetic modification of the β-casein protein in cow’s milk on the fermentation process of milk mixtures during the production of fermented dairy products. Research methods included chemical, physical, organoleptic, and microbiological methods (determination of the quality indicators of raw milk and fermented milk curds), and technological methods (determination of acid formation activity and viscosity). The initial characteristics of raw milk were investigated according to genotype, revealing no direct correlation. Changes in the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of fermented milk curds during biotechnological processing and storage were examined. Optimal technological process regimes were selected, and technological methods were chosen to minimise the influence of secondary factors on the experiment. A mixed culture preparation of mesophilic lactic acid lactococci, including L. Lactis ssp., was chosen as a starter culture. It was established that all 13 milk samples were suitable for biotechnological processing using mixed cultures of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria. As a result, it was concluded that the production of fermented dairy products from raw milk with the presented β-casein genetic modifications, A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 – using L. lactis ssp. cultures – is possible using the classical technology and does not require adjustment of the technological conditions. The obtained results can be used in the dairy industry when developing technologies for fermented dairy products from A2 raw milk

Submerged surface texturing of AISI 304L using the pulsating water jet method

Submerged jets have a variety of practical applications due to their versatility in providing efficient and environmentally friendly options for treatment in various industries. The physical background is based on the continuous water jet (CWJ) application powered via stagnation pressure. However, it is known that impact pressure is much more effective than static pressure. When the impact pressure is repeated with a high frequency per time unit, the erosive effects of water can be used even at pressures below 100 MPa, which is attractive from the point of view of the low demands of the hydraulic system. Surface modification utilising impact pressure can be achieved by employing the pulsed water jet (PWJ) method. The combination of parameters such as the traverse speed and trajectory pattern can control the number of water clusters impacting the material surface. So far, the field of application of PWJ for surface treatment has mostly been investigated water atmospheric conditions. This article focuses on the possibility of the surface modification of AISI 304L stainless steel using the PWJ method under submerged conditions. The results are compared to those obtained under atmospheric conditions. The reference samples were treated by the same technological conditions using a continuous water jet (CWJ). The affected surfaces were characterised using areal surface roughness parameters Sa, Sz, Sp, and Sv, and the surface topography and mechanism of erosion wear were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. A significant increase in all roughness parameters was confirmed using the PWJ compared to the CWJ method (both in atmospheric and submerged conditions), which confirms the importance of using impact pressure. The surface treatment by PWJ under submerged conditions resulted in a decrease of the surface roughness parameter Sa by approximately 97% compared to atmospheric conditions at a traverse speed of 2 mm/s for perpendicular interleaved trajectory, nevertheless, the homogeneity of treatment over a larger area was improved.