Complex Technology Research Articles

THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN RULE OF LAW AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Like every innovation in history, A rtificial I ntelligence also needs to begoverned for its disruptive power and impact on people, economy, society, rights andfreedoms. Its impact does not only concern innovative areas but permeates all corners of ourpersonal, social, economic and professional lives. A rtificia l intelligence has become a centralcomponent of our daily lives in many ways , so the perspectives are both for the positiveresults they can bring to humanity and concerns for their disruptive potential. It bringsstructural changes that are captured by l egal norms, but which sometimes go beyond theexisting legal framework by transforming it. To this global revolution the law response mustprovide an equally innovative approach in order to ensure that complex technology does notundermine the rule of law.

The Relationship between Commercial, Technological, Research (Multidimensional) Complexity Indices and Financial Development

The source of economic growth is the supply-demand balance. Demand refers to consumption and supply refers to production. Producing quality products plays an important role on the production side of this balance. The country, which has a wide range of qualified products called sophisticated products, continues to grow with financial development. The concept of economic complexity refers to product diversity. This concept has taken its place in the literature by being expanded into commercial, technological, and research complexity indices as the content of the multidimensional complexity index. In this study, the relationship between multidimensional complexity indices and financial development indicators of E7 (Emerging) countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Turkey) is analyzed with Gengenbach, Urbain, and Westerlund Cointegration Test and Mean Group Estimator applied in case of cointegration. It has been determined that these variables are cointegrated, and this relationship between the commercial and technological complexity index and financial development is significant. As a result of the analysis with the mean group estimator, it was concluded that the technological complexity index has a greater impact on financial development than the commercial and research complexity indices.

The Role of Smart Technology in the Field of Information Technology: A Systematic Review

Smart technology has become a cornerstone in the evolution of information technology (IT), revolutionizing data management, processing, and utilization. This systematic review explores the multifaceted roles that smart technology plays in IT, emphasizing its impact on efficiency, security, data analytics, and user experience. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning (ML), and advanced data analytics has transformed IT operations, enabling automation, predictive analytics, and enhanced user interactions. However, the adoption of smart technology also presents challenges, such as security concerns, implementation costs, and technological complexity. By examining recent literature, this review identifies key trends, including the rise of edge computing, the advent of 5G, and the potential of AI in conjunction with quantum computing. These advancements are expected to shape the future of IT, offering new opportunities for innovation and efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how smart technology is redefining IT, offering insights into both its benefits and the challenges that must be addressed to maximize its potential.

Technologies of modern radiotherapy and development prospects. Quality assurance concept

At the clinic of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology has been using the following conformal irradiation technologies for cancer patients that meet international standards for more than 13 years: 3D conformal radio therapy (3DCRT); intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT); volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT); stereotactic radiation technique (SRT); radiotherapy technique with breathing control, total therapeutic irradiation (TRT) technique followed by bone marrow transplantation. The technological complex with which these technologies are implemented has demonstrated an increase in the quality of radiation treatment for cancer patients. However, despite the “advancement” of technology, there are limitations in the ability to reduce dose loads on critical organs for a number of nosologies. Therefore, the prospects for the development of radiotherapy in Russia lie in the creation of several clinical centers for the use of heavy charged particles that have different physical and dosimetric characteristics and, from this point of view, carry other opportunities and prospects. There is great interest in flash therapy.

IT-INVESTIGATOR IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

This paper is devoted to the issues of investigation of crimes characterized by complexity and extensive use of digital technologies. The authors argue that criminal proceedings nowadays need modernization through the involvement of technology, as well as the provision of highly qualified investigators who are able to use the knowledge of interdisciplinary sciences to solve technogenic problems of criminal proceedings. Many crimes are committed with the use of modern technologies. At the same time, crimes are becoming more and more sophisticated and technological. They can be investigated by IT-investigators. It seems that the level of competence of the latter can be determined by the category of crimes, defined by the method of committing crimes. Highly qualified investigators should also investigate crimes related to digital financial assets and digital currency. The authors substantiate that an IT investigator should be able to work with big data, read expert opinions on the results of computer-technical examinations of any complexity, widely use electronic documents, and in the future use an electronic assistant. Digital video library, audio recordings and photos can be accumulated in cloud spaces, regarding which today there are various proposals for the application of software, modeling, algorithmization of processes.

AI Integrity Solutions for Deepfake Identification and Prevention

The increasing complexity of deepfake technology has sparked significant worries over individual privacy, the spread of false information, and deficiencies in cybersecurity. Deepfakes have the ability to effectively modify audio and visual content, resulting in a growing challenge to differentiate between real and fake content. To address this critical challenge, the study is conducting a survey to reveal a broad range of perspectives on the familiarity, encounters, and concerns related to deepfake technology. In addition, the study evaluates the effectiveness of current strategies in addressing the spread of deepfake material and proposes future approaches for improving the integrity of AI. The survey was delivered digitally, and responses were examined to provide an in- depth analysis of the latest techniques and difficulties in the context of deepfake detection. The outcomes demonstrate a range of perspectives on understanding deepfakes with an explicit agreement on the importance of risk presented by harmful deepfake applications. Although the participants showed an understanding of the available interventions, they also identified considerable challenges and the need for improved awareness, robust detection tools, and ethical standards in AI development to address the challenges posed by deepfakes with the present detection method. Implementing AI ethical guidelines to avoid deepfakes has a significant and beneficial effect on several industries by providing protection against their harmful effects. By fostering AI ethical guidelines, these policies are able to foster societal trust, mitigate risk, and cultivate a more robust digital environment.

Speaking of games: AI-based content moderation of real-time voice interactions in video games under the DSA

AI-based content moderation in real-time voice interactions within multiplayer video games confronts both technological limitations and complex ethical issues, especially under the stringent compliance requirements of regulatory frameworks like the Digital Services Act. The deployment of AI-driven tools must navigate the transient nature of voice communication, balancing the need for quick, effective moderation with the imperatives of transparency and freedom of expression protection. By exploring the practicalities and pitfalls of these technologies in this specific context, this article advocates for a ‘freedom of expression by design’ paradigm. This approach integrates robust user protections into content moderation systems, aiming to significantly reduce rather than eliminate harmful interactions. The findings underscore a nuanced strategy that respects user rights while addressing the dynamic challenges of voice communication in multiplayer video games.

Toward scalable docker-based emulations of blockchain networks for research and development

Blockchain, like any other complex technology, needs a strong testing methodology to support its evolution in both research and development contexts. Setting up meaningful tests for permissionless blockchain technology is a notoriously complex task for several reasons: software is complex, a large number of nodes are involved, the network is non-ideal, etc. Developers usually adopt small virtual laboratories or costly real devnets based on real software. Researchers usually prefer simulations of a large number of nodes based on simplified models.In this paper, we aim to obtain the advantages of both approaches, i.e., performing large, realistic, inexpensive, and flexible experiments, using real blockchain software within a virtual environment. To do that, we address the challenge of running large blockchain networks in a single physical machine, leveraging Linux and Docker. We analyze a number of problems that arise when large blockchain networks are emulated, and we provide technical solutions for all of them. Finally, we describe two experiences of emulating fairly large blockchain networks on a single machine: adopting both research-oriented and production-oriented software and involving more than 3000 containers.

Implementación de un Sistema de gestión de la información de ventas aplicando inteligencia de negocios en las PYMES del cantón La Maná

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are essential to the global economy, promoting employment, innovation and sustainable development. Effective sales information management is critical to your success, involving the collection, storage, analysis and application of data about customers, products, distribution channels, prices and market trends. Proper management of this data allows SMEs to understand customer demands, identify market opportunities and optimize their sales strategies.However, SMEs face significant challenges in this area, such as technological limitations, budget constraints and data complexity, which can lead to manual processes, lack of visibility in the supply chain and loss of competitiveness. The research carried out in the La Maná canton, in Cotopaxi, Ecuador, supports the implementation of a sales information management system due to its intense commercial activity and the presence of SMEs in sectors such as agriculture and commerce.The study adopted a mixed methodology, which combined literature review and field research, using inductive and deductive approaches. Managers, administrators and workers from two companies were surveyed. The results indicate that this methodology is effective in achieving the research objectives, underscoring the importance of integrating various methodologies to obtain a complete understanding of the topic

On the Separation of Scientific Activity and the State-owned Corporate Form of Science Management in Contemporary Russia. Part 2

The article presents the details of ideas and proposals announced by the author in 2021 within the framework of the round table of the “Science Management: Theory and Practice” journal (on the topic “Science in an Innovative Economy”). The proposed measures are considered as increasingly relevant in the face of the long-term confrontation with the ‘collective West’, which is striving for scientific and economic isolation of contemporary Russia, as well as in relation to the national goals and objectives set by the country’s leadership for the period up to 2036. The second part of the article deals with the structural as well as administrative and legal features of the Russian science and technology complex. It numbers over four thousand organizations that carry out research and development activities in substantially separate sectors of “civil” and “defense” science. As a result, a proposal is submitted to the readers to integrate research and development that produce new fundamental scientific knowledge, end-to-end high-tech technologies and relevant intellectual activity results in the interests of socio-economic development, the national defense and security of the state in a specialized state corporation by giving it the authority to regulate scientific research and technological activities, including those in relation to the rest of the bulk of Russian research organizations of different branches. It is proposed to implement a thoroughgoing reform in the field of Russian science by adoption of appropriate new federal laws.

The impact of industrial robots on export stability

AbstractThe application of industrial robots has emerged as a significant influencing factor on international trade. Based on product export stability data from 49 major exporting countries and corresponding industrial robot application data between 2010 and 2019, this study investigates the impact and mechanisms of industrial robot application on export stability in these countries. The findings demonstrate that the application of industrial robots enhances export stability. The mechanism results indicate that the application of industrial robots principally impacts trade stability by lowering export costs and raising the technological complexity of export products. Moreover, this effect can be enhanced by increased financial development, an innovative environment, and the empowerment of women. This study provides valuable policy implications for advancing the application of industrial robots and improving export stability.

Conceptual Design and Structural Performance Analysis of an Innovative Deep-Sea Aquaculture Platform

This paper proposes a conceptual design of an innovative deep-sea aquaculture platform that integrates a steel structural framework and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floats. It aims to overcome the limitations of prevailing aquaculture equipment, including inadequate resistance to strong wind and waves, complex technologies, and prohibitively high costs. The design scheme and key parameters of the main platform, the netting system, and the mooring systems are presented. Based on the stochastic design wave method, the characteristic load response scenarios and design wave parameters are determined and analyzed. Strength analysis is conducted to assess the structural performance, vulnerabilities, and overall safety of the platform under various characteristic load conditions. The results indicate that the Von Mises stress levels across different sections of the platform conform to the allowable stress thresholds under various characteristic load conditions. However, the stress levels of the platform are notably higher when subjected to characteristic loads associated with vertical shear, vertical bending moments, and torsion about the horizontal axis, which requires further efforts in the design process to enhance the structural safety of the platform. The proposed design methodology and the presented research results can provide a wide range of references for the design and analysis of deep-sea fisheries aquaculture equipment.

POSTER AS A TOOL FOR DIGITALIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

In the basis of the development of modern business, digital transformations have acquired primary importance. The stability of the business, and in general its ability to function, is determined by the level of digitalization. The integration of basic business development tools is considered through the prism of automation, robotics and digitization. In the field of hotel and restaurant business, digital technologies have become the most effective tool for implementing business tasks and solving problems of the control system, constant monitoring and management. The main trajectory of the automation of hospitality enterprises through the prism of the introduction of cloud technologies into business has become the use of software products. Cloud automation systems, in particular the Poster program, serve as a modern tool for accounting, control and business management. The Poster program (system) was the first cloud-based automation system developed in Ukraine to serve hotel and restaurant businesses. This software product has become a successful modern initiative, which is used with pleasure by twenty thousand hospitality establishments. When the enterprise implements this cloud technology, the approach to the organization and conduct of business has completely changed, the management system has acquired a completely new dimension. Important functions of the module have become such as: cash register for waiters with integrated hall cards; the Kitchen Kit application from Poster with a screen in the kitchen/bar, or with a system of runners; automation of the restaurant delivery service to work with orders from aggregators or personal delivery service; Poster mobile cash register; Poster QR for automatic menu creation in Poster-POS, quick payment, the possibility of tipping the waiter, leaving guest reviews, etc.; the Poster Boss app with the ability to work on a smartphone and more. The convenience of working with the Poster software is manifested in its simplicity and easy accessibility for staff training, since even intuitively, in an hour of work with this cloud technology, you can already work freely. The ability to work with cash register modules for sales and a control panel for owners makes the Poster software product both unique due to its multifunctionality and system, and easy to use. The statistics module automatically summarizes revenue data when the check is closed at the cash register. In the process of selling a finished product or service, ingredients (inventories) are written off from the warehouse according to technological maps developed by the institution. The multifunctionality of the Poster program makes running a hotel and restaurant business more efficient, as convenient as possible in management and acts as a high-quality database for making effective management decisions. The complexity and systematicity of this cloud technology brings the innovative orientation of hospitality enterprises to a new level.

Alternating direction method of multipliers based distributed energy scheduling of grid connected microgrid by considering the demand response

Global warming, environmental degradation, clean energy production, intermittent, volatile, and unpredictable renewable energy sources (RES’s), occasional peak demand on the system necessitates energy management (EM). Demand response (DR) programs in the distribution network can be seen as one of the foundation stones in the future of EM. This article illustrates the need for EM using DR, its benefits, types of loads, clustering techniques, price-based demand response (PBDR) etc. To accomplish the EM goals and to attain the economic benefit, DR employs peak shifting, peak clipping, valley filling and load growth. However, the accumulation of large loads at low electricity prices creates local peaks, this phenomenon is referred to as payback or rebound effect (RE). The occurrence of RE at low price zone heightens the volatility of market clearing price (MCP) and the operational cost of the microgrid. Inherently, the scheduled inelastic consumers at low price zone suffer from increased MCP and therefore, the total consumer tariff (TCT). The occurrence of RE depends on the load curve, peak to average ratio, electricity price and the percentage of interruptible loads present in the system. Unclear pricing methods impede the participation of customers in DR events. Moreover, majority of techniques presented in literature are of centralized frameworks that needs complex communication technologies. To fill these glitches the proposed work uses a simple distributed scheduling approach based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to alleviate the energy management using an IEEE-18 bus system. The load factor increases from 0.79 to 0.83. Using DR lowers the peak power demand on the MG from 82 to 78 kW without compromising customer comfort or satisfaction. The TCT was lowered from scenario 1 to scenario 4 from 3058 to 2254 euros. The system's average demand dropped from 65.54 kW to 64.8 kW. IEEE-33 bus system was considered to assess the impact of RE on the MCP and TCT. Additionally, the marginal generator provides 72.51 kW of electricity in sub case 3 and 166.26 kW of power in sub case 2. Due to a decrease in power dispatch from the marginal generator, TCT increased from sub case 2 to sun case 3 by 11,046.41 rupees to 12,912.75 rupees. In contrast, TOC decreased from 6495.45 rupees to 6150.75 rupees from sub case 2 to sun case 3.

The role of geographic distance and technological complexity in U.S. interregional co-patenting over almost two centuries

This paper examines how geographical proximity affected interregional co-patenting links in various technologies in the USA from 1836 to 2010. We classify technologies by their complexity and test whether it moderates the impact of distance on collaboration. Contrary to the ‘death of distance’ hypothesis, distance still matters for knowledge creation and exchange. Moreover, we show that the role of complexity has changed over time. In the 19th century, interregional collaborations within complex technologies were more sensitive to distance than within simple ones. This pattern reversed in the late 20th century, and such collaborative relations became more resilient to distance than simple ones.

Implementation of a Teacher’s health-preserving Competence in the Process of Adaptive and Developmental interaction between Subjects of Education

The article discusses the issue of implementing the health-preserving competence of a teacher at the present stage of modernization of education in Russia. A pedagogical model for the implementation of the health-preserving competence of a teacher is presented. The possibility of a variable part of educational programs through the introduction of a software and technological complex for preparing teachers for activities to improve the adaptive and developmental potential of students. The purpose of this article is to present pedagogical conditions developed and tested on the basis of experimental data and a model for the implementation of a teacher’s health-preserving competence. Methodology. One of the central methodological problems discussed in the article is the identification of the relationship between the readiness of teachers for health-preserving activities and the ability to implement the health-preserving competence of a teacher in the process of adaptive and developmental interaction of subjects of education in class and extracurricular activities. Research results. Materials are described that show that as a result of the combined pedagogical, socio-pedagogical, psychological-pedagogical, medical-physiological-pedagogical interaction of subjects of education, the psychological-pedagogical, didactic and information-technological health-preserving competencies. In conclusion, it is concluded that the implementation of a teacher’s health-preserving competence should be considered as a process of purposeful and consistent adaptive and developmental interaction between subjects of education, promoting the build-up of information technology, psychological, pedagogical and didactic health-preserving pedagogical competencies.

Complexity and FDI in market-dependent economies: The hidden effect of industrial offshoring

AbstractThis study examines the complexity in the Eastern European economies, with a focus on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite transitioning to market economies, these countries remain economically fragile and dependent. Their lower technological complexity and reliance on foreign capacity make them vulnerable. However, some countries like Austria and Poland demonstrate successful integration of production and innovation. The analysis shows FDI has a limited impact on developing complex knowledge but contributes positively to economic complexity. Results also indicate that in the long-term, economic and technological complexity does not lead to accelerated total factor productivity growth, contrary to complexity literature. Combining labour with innovation, safeguarding local industries, and prioritizing education and research are more effective approaches. The study clearly shows how Hungary is stuck in an “assembler trap.” It also finds that the gap between economic and technological complexity negatively affects liberal democracies.

Analysis of structures and movement parametres of self-climbing platforms and development prospects

Introduction. For high-rise building construction self-climbing platforms based on hydraulic drive are used, lifting the formwork for monolithic structures. These lifting mechanisms differ in structures, characteristics and parameters. There is a need to introduce high-tech equipment in the industry. To create self-climbing platforms for high-rise construction, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of operation of lifting vehicles.Materials and methods. Platforms based on climbing profile for the analysis were used. The design features of the specified type of platforms were considered. The main parameters were speed of lifting, maximum lifting height and load capacity.Results. Graphical data on the main structural elements and the lifting process were obtained the specified type of platforms. Graphical data on hydraulic system is provided and the mechanism of movement is considered in detail. The basic formulas for determining the platform lifting speed and maximum load capacity required for the choosing of specified lifting vehicles.Discussion and conclusion. Existence of factors affecting the lifting speed of platforms and their maximum load capacity provides grounds for the development of a method for calculating and designing the considered transport and technological equipment in Russian Federation. One of the ways to develop this lifting equipment is integration of accessory mechanisms into their structure for fulfilling additional works during the construction of high-rise buildings, in this way forming a single transport and technological complex.

Development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the department “Ground Transport and Technological Complexes”

The scientific article reflects the main stages of the historical development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the cycle “Technology of structural metals. Materials Science”, which is one of the areas of the department “Ground transport and technological complexes”. Employees of the department made a significant contribution to solving practical problems in assessing the effectiveness of existing technological processes for restoring the tread surface profile of wheel pairs of wheels, the proposed processes of face milling and turning when restoring the wheel rim profile, including the use of preliminary induction annealing to improve machinability, optimization of cutting conditions wheels based on linear and nonlinear programming methods. A large amount of research and implementation work has been carried out to improve the repair technology and increase the reliability of the wheel-motor unit of rail crews of railway rolling stock. Issues related to surfacing operations during repairs and increasing the wear resistance of deposited surfaces were considered.At the same time, the teachers of the department conduct training sessions on disciplines at a high methodological level, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern engineer.Over the years of work of the cycle “Technology of Structural Metals. Materials Science” a large number of textbooks, teaching aids, guidelines and manuals on laboratory work and course design, as well as collections of scientific papers, articles and monographs on the main areas of research work were published.The historical digression presented in this article gives an idea of the scientific potential of the department accumulated over many years, which can serve as a reliable basis for further development of new scientific directions.

Clarifying and differentiating discoverability

ABSTRACT Everyday users are confronted with increasingly complex technologies, be that novel introductions or ever-changing and expanding familiar interfaces. This creates the challenge of users needing to perpetually discover new functionality and interactivity, which is rarely addressed when novel technology is proposed. A possible contributing factor for this is the variety of, often inconsistently defined, associated concepts and a consequent lack of clarity on how to address these problems. We examine usage and definitions of discoverability as well as related concepts and offer clarifications where definitions are ambiguous while highlighting focus areas and limitations. In doing so, we provide a clear definition of discoverability, underscore the separation of system, feature and interaction discoverability and elucidate how other concepts focused on initial interactions differ.