Complex Technology Research Articles

Human-Centered AI in Military Cyber Operations

Military Cyber Operations are an integral part of modern warfare and national security strategies as they crossed the science fiction realm, represent a real operational battlefield, and developed into an option in military toolboxes. Seeing ongoing technological advancements that allow the creation and use of complex mechanisms and technologies, the increasing digitalization of critical infrastructure, the growing abundance of data collected, generated, and exchanged between multiple parties, and the rise of stakeholders engaging in building and/or executing military Cyber Operations together with the increased number of such operations being conducted all over the globe reflects important lessons that need to be learned: the core element of such operations are humans: they build, acquire, execute, and assess them while also being impacted entities by them, e.g., through (psychological or physical) injury or death, or damage or destructions of human infrastructure. Moreover, the key process governing all the life cycle phases of military Cyber Operations is human decision-making or humanly assisted/augmented decision-making relying on advanced intelligent methods built with AI. Nevertheless, building and conducting military Cyber Operations should be done in a legal, responsible, and effective way implying a deep understanding of the context and adversary, proper target and cyber weapon selection, development, and use, and a clear overview of potential effects produced. These represent important aspects that should be properly defined and tackled in this domain. Hence, this research aims to introduce the Human-Centred AI concept and approach in the military cyber domain to illustrate ways to prioritize human involvement and interaction, human understanding, effective decision-making, and ethical considerations when building and conducting military Cyber Operations. To this end, an extensive literature review is conducted in the military, cyber, and AI domains together with instantiation on military Cyber Operations.

Relatedness, Complexity and Regional Diversification in the European Union: The Role of Co‐inventor Networks

AbstractWe investigate the role of both internal and external co‐inventor networks in regional diversification. The impact of co‐inventor networks on regional technological diversification is tested for a data set containing 1,495,699 patents in 643 technologies in 290 European regions at the NUTS‐2 level, between 1987 and 2016. Our results show that both internal co‐inventor network connectivity and external co‐inventor network linkages could benefit regional technology entry and prevent regional technology exit. However, too inwardly oriented or outwardly connected co‐inventor networks would hamper patent production. Regarding regional diversification, we find that both internal and external co‐inventor networks could facilitate the entry of related technologies and restrain the exit of complex technologies. This paper contributes to the literature by initiating the integration of the complexity dimension into analysing the role of co‐inventor networks in regional diversification. This research bears significant policy implications for the advancement of Smart Specialization Strategy in the European Union.

Реализация комплекса педагогических технологий на занятиях по музыкально-инструментальной подготовке как один из аспектов формирования исполнительской компетентности студентов педагогического вуза

The aim of the research is to justify the necessity and demonstrate the potential of implementing a set of pedagogical technologies in classes on musical-instrumental training for students in a pedagogical university. The article reveals the content of technological support and demonstrates the algorithm of the process of forming artist performance competence among students in a pedagogical university through the implementation of a selected set of pedagogical technologies. The research novelty lies in the justification and demonstration of the technological nature of the process of musical-instrumental training for students in a pedagogical university. The technological organization of musical-instrumental training for learners is seen as a necessary condition for the development of artist performance competence in future teacher-musicians. The study uncovers the content of pedagogical support and the technological organization of the process of forming artist performance competence among students in a pedagogical university during classes on musical-instrumental training. It is proven that the development of artist performance competence among students in a pedagogical university will be more effective if a complex of pedagogical technologies is implemented: goal-setting and planning of educational activities, game modeling of learning situations, development of auditory-motor coordination and formation of artist performance skills, reflexive metacognitive skills, intonation-stylistic piano playing instruction. An algorithm for implementing the process of developing artist performance competence in classes on musical-instrumental training for students of a pedagogical university has been developed.

Advancements and Challenges in Photovoltaic Cell Recycling: A Comprehensive Review

This review examines the complex landscape of photovoltaic (PV) module recycling and outlines the challenges hindering widespread adoption and efficiency. Technological complexities resulting from different module compositions, different recycling processes and economic hurdles are significant barriers. Inadequate infrastructure, regulatory gaps and limited awareness are also hampering progress. In addition, this analysis draws parallels between the development of PV module recycling and recycling technologies for other high-tech products, such as lithium-ion batteries, highlighting similarities in regulatory and technical feasibility challenges. Amid these challenges, however, lie opportunities for a sustainable future. Technological advances, stakeholder collaboration and the adoption of circular economy principles emerge as key ways forward. This review highlights the need for concerted action to overcome barriers and drive the development of efficient and sustainable PV module recycling practices.

Ultrasensitive Nanofiber Biosensor: Rapid In Situ Chromatic Detection of Bacteria for Healthcare Innovation.

Rapid detection of bacterial presence in skin wounds is crucial to prevent the transition from acute to chronic wounds and the onset of systemic infections. Current methods for detecting infections, particularly at low concentrations (<1.0 × 105 CFU/cm2), often require complex technologies and direct sampling, which can be invasive and time-consuming. Addressing this gap, we introduce a colorimetric nanofibrous biosensor enabling real-time in situ monitoring of bacterial concentrations in wounds. This biosensor employs a colorimetric hemicyanine dye (HCy) probe, which changes color in response to bacterial lipase, a common secretion in infected wounds. To enhance the biosensor's sensitivity, we incorporated two key materials science strategies: aligning the nanofibers to promote efficient bacterial attachment and localization and integrating Tween 80, a surfactant, within the nanofiber matrix. This combination of physical and chemical cues results in a notable increase in lipase activity. The cross-aligned core-shell nanofibers, embedded with Tween 80 and HCy, demonstrate an immediate and distinct color change when exposed to as low as 3.0 × 104 CFU/cm2 of common pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA. Significantly, the presence of Tween 80 amplifies the colorimetric response, making visual detection more straightforward and four times more pronounced. Our nanobiosensor design facilitates the detection of low-concentration bacterial infections in situ without the need to remove wound dressings. This advancement marks a significant step forward in real-time wound monitoring, offering a practical tool for the early detection of clinical bacterial infections.

Human performance and automated operations: a regulatory perspective

Increased levels of digitalisation present major opportunities for efficiency in the oil and gas industry but can also contribute to new risks and vulnerabilities. Based on developments in the industry, the Norwegian Ocean Industry Authority (HAVTIL) has in recent years pursued targeted knowledge development and follow-up of company’s digitalisation initiatives. This paper explores data collected through HAVTIL’s audits of the development and use of automated systems within well operations. The analysis of the data resulted in the identification of five main topics related to the implementation of digital technologies. The five main topics were organisational complexity, follow-up and implementation of technology, analysis and documentation, user-interface and alarms and competence and training. Overall, the results support research findings within human factors and technology development, pointing out that there is a lack of focus on human factors in both development projects and in operations. In addition, this paper provides insight into how digitalisation initiatives are followed-up and explores the results from the analysis in light of the current developments in the industry.

Applying Lean Principles to Eliminate Project Waste, Maximize Value, Cut Superfluous Steps, Reduce Rework and Focus on Customer Centricity

With increasingly complex demands, dynamic environments, and rapid technology changes defining business landscapes, project management methodologies are prime for disruption. Traditional project models – characterized by rigid, sequential stage-gates and siloed functional groups – struggle with wastefulness, reactive mindsets, and misalignment to customer purpose. As such, practitioners are turning to lean philosophies pioneered in manufacturing but applicable across sectors. This paper examines deploying lean principles to project environments to eliminate activities that do not directly add customer value (waste), amplify learning, decide slowly but deliver quickly, empower teams, and continuously improve. Core facets of lean covered include Value Stream Mapping to visualize workflow and identify waste; Kanban systems to limit work-in-progress, facilitate pull-based work authorization, and surface bottlenecks; Root Cause Analysis to get to the heart of problems; 5S activities for well-organized, mistake-proof workstations; and Kaizen events for rapid iterations. As illustrated through integrated case studies, these tools and mindsets facilitate lean’s primary aim within projects – determining what matters for the end-customer and optimizing all activities to directly serve this purpose. Tactics covered include defining value from the beneficiary standpoint early on, focusing on enhancing workflow from end-to-end rather than functional silos, and instilling learning and improvement mechanisms at all levels – from C-suite leadership to ground floor production. The paper closes by delineating a gradual implementation methodology – factoring in change management challenges – as well as outlining skills development required for staff to transition toward cross-functional, accountable, lean-oriented teams. While specifics vary across industries and project types, overarching insights suggest the principles represent the future of project delivery – cutting waste-related costs by upwards of 30%, accelerating timelines by over a third, minimizing scrap/rework to near-zero levels, and serving customer goals substantially better. For leaders to position projects and organizations for increasing marketplace complexity, leanness is pivotal.

Corporate Crime in the Investment Field with Trading Robots in Indonesia

Corporate crime in the investment sector with the use of trading robots in Indonesia is a serious challenge in facing the development of financial technology. This research aims to investigate this phenomenon, analyze patterns of corporate crime related to trading robots, and explore its impact on the Indonesian capital market. Data was obtained through literature study and case analysis using a qualitative approach. The research results highlight various corporate criminal practices, such as market manipulation and investor fraud, which are made easier by the use of trading robots. Factors such as lack of proper regulation and technological complexity are the main triggers for increasing the risk of corporate crime in investing with trading robots. The implications of this research include the need to increase regulators' and stakeholders' awareness of these potential risks, as well as increasing legal protection for investors and capital market security. Thus, this research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of corporate crime in the field of investment with trading robots in Indonesia and provides a basis for developing more effective policies to overcome this challenge.

From Biogas to Biomethane: An In-Depth Review of Upgrading Technologies That Enhance Sustainability and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Renewable energies present an opportunity to enhance energy security, reduce dependence on imports, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Natural gas, viewed as a transitional fuel from coal to renewables, lacks reliable environmental sustainability and does not contribute to EU energy independence. Recently, biomethane has been gaining attention as an alternative to natural gas. Obtained from purified or “upgraded” biogas, it offers environmental and economic advantages. Several developed technologies, including absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic separation, are commercially available. However, those are energy- and resource-intensive. In this context, this review aims to examine the recent advancements in biogas upgrading, particularly in physical, chemical, and biological pathways. It focuses on CO2 removal and/or conversion to methane, offering an updated overview for future studies. The technologies are classified based on the separation method (by phase addition, by solid agent, by phase creation, and by biological process), and an analysis of each category is conducted. The discussion covers the economic and environmental characteristics, process complexity, and future research prospects in sustainable technologies. This review highlights the potential of biogas upgrading technologies in contributing to sustainable development, increasing energy security, and achieving greenhouse gas reduction goals that are aligned with EU targets.

Assessing Training Methods for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicle Functions: Impact on User Mental Models and Performance

Understanding the complexities of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technologies is critical for road safety, especially concerning their adoption by drivers. Effective training is a crucial element in ensuring the safe and competent operation of these technologies. This study emphasises the critical role of training methodologies in shaping drivers’ mental models, defined as an individual’s cognitive frameworks for understanding and interacting with ADAS and AV systems. Their mental models substantially influence their interactions with those technologies. A comparative analysis of text-based and video-based training methods has been conducted to assess their influence on participants’ performance and the development of their mental models of ADAS and AV functionalities. Performance is evaluated in terms of the accuracy and reaction time of the participants as they interacted with ADAS and AV functions in a driving simulation. The findings reveal that video-based training yielded better performance outcomes, more accurate mental models, and a deeper understanding of ADAS functionalities among participants. These findings are crucial for policy makers, automotive manufacturers, and educational institutions involved in driver training. They underscore the necessity of developing tailored training programs to facilitate the proficient and safe operation of increasingly complex automotive technologies.

LEVERAGING PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HVAC OPERATIONS: A PATH TO CLIMATE RESILIENCE

Efficient management of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is paramount for mitigating energy consumption and enhancing climate resilience in modern infrastructure. This review explores the significance of leveraging project management tools to optimize energy efficiency within HVAC operations, thus fostering a pathway towards climate resilience. The integration of project management methodologies offers a systematic approach to address challenges associated with energy consumption in HVAC systems, thereby facilitating informed decision-making processes. Firstly, the review delves into the pressing need for energy conservation in HVAC operations amidst escalating concerns over climate change and its adverse impacts. The imperative to minimize energy consumption in buildings, particularly through HVAC systems, is highlighted as a pivotal step towards achieving climate resilience and sustainability goals. Subsequently, the review outlines the role of project management tools in orchestrating effective strategies to enhance energy efficiency within HVAC operations. By employing techniques such as project scheduling, risk management, and resource allocation, project managers can streamline the implementation of energy-efficient measures, thereby optimizing HVAC system performance and reducing carbon emissions. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of data analytics and technological advancements in augmenting the efficacy of project management tools for energy efficiency in HVAC operations. Leveraging real-time data monitoring, predictive analytics, and IoT-enabled devices enables proactive maintenance and continuous optimization of HVAC systems, thereby maximizing energy savings and bolstering climate resilience. Furthermore, the review elucidates the potential benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of project management tools for energy efficiency in HVAC operations. While improved cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and operational performance emerge as primary benefits, challenges such as initial investment costs, technological complexities, and organizational inertia necessitate careful consideration. This review advocates for the integration of project management tools as a viable approach to foster energy efficiency in HVAC operations, thereby paving the way towards enhanced climate resilience and sustainability in built environments. By embracing innovative methodologies and technological solutions, stakeholders can mitigate energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and fortify infrastructure against the impacts of climate change.&#x0D; Keywords: HVAC, Climate Resilience, Project Management, Energy, Review.

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS IN THE SATELLITE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTORS: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF DATA ANALYTICS-ENABLED IDENTIFICATION AND CAPITALIZATION OF SYNERGIES

Strategic partnerships in the satellite and telecommunications sectors have become increasingly vital as technological advancements and market complexities continue to evolve. This conceptual review delves into the significance of data analytics-enabled identification and capitalization of synergies within these partnerships. The fusion of satellite and telecommunications technologies presents unique opportunities for innovation and growth, but also challenges that necessitate strategic collaboration. By leveraging data analytics, organizations can effectively identify synergies between satellite and telecommunications services, leading to enhanced operational efficiencies, expanded service offerings, and improved customer experiences. Through a comprehensive analysis of available data, companies can pinpoint areas of overlap and complementary strengths, laying the foundation for mutually beneficial partnerships. The review explores the multifaceted nature of strategic partnerships in these sectors, emphasizing the importance of aligning technological capabilities, market strategies, and regulatory frameworks. It underscores the role of data analytics as a catalyst for informed decision-making, enabling stakeholders to anticipate market trends, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate risks. Furthermore, the review examines the implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and predictive analytics on partnership dynamics. These tools not only streamline data analysis processes but also empower organizations to proactively identify synergistic opportunities and adapt to evolving market dynamics in real-time. Through a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this review provides insights into the strategic imperatives guiding partnership formation and management in the satellite and telecommunications sectors. It underscores the need for a holistic approach that integrates technological expertise with business acumen and regulatory compliance to unlock the full potential of strategic collaborations. The review advocates for a proactive and data-driven approach to identifying and capitalizing on synergies within strategic partnerships in the satellite and telecommunications sectors. By harnessing the power of data analytics, organizations can navigate the complexities of the digital ecosystem, drive innovation, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly interconnected world.&#x0D; Keywords: Partnership, Telecommunication, Data Analytics, Capitalization, Enabled Identification, Review.

In-plane oxygen diffusion measurements in polymer films using time-resolved imaging of programmable luminescent tags

Oxygen diffusion properties in thin polymer films are key parameters in industrial applications from food packaging, over medical encapsulation to organic semiconductor devices and have been continuously investigated in recent decades. The established methods have in common that they require complex pressure-sensitive setups or vacuum technology and usually do not come without surface effects. In contrast, this work provides a low-cost, precise and reliable method to determine the oxygen diffusion coefficient D in bulk polymer films based on tracking the phosphorescent pattern of a programmable luminescent tag over time. Our method exploits two-dimensional image analysis of oxygen-quenched organic room-temperature phosphors in a host polymer with high spatial accuracy. It avoids interface effects and accounts for the photoconsumption of oxygen. As a role model, the diffusion coefficients of polystyrene glasses with molecular weights between 13k and 350k g/mol are determined to be in the range of (0.8–1.5) × 10–7 cm2/s, which is in good agreement with previously reported values. We finally demonstrate the reduction of the oxygen diffusion coefficient in polystyrene by one quarter upon annealing above its glass transition temperature.

The impact of industrial digitization on the global value chains position: Evidence from China’ s industry sectors

Industrial digitization (ID) has become a new driving force for high-quality development of industries. Existing studies have mainly examined the global value chains position (GVCP) in terms of openness and technological progress, and there are a few studies from the perspective of industrial digitization. This paper constructs an input-output model to measure the GVCP of China's industry sectors by use the world input-output database (WIOD), and empirically tests the impact of ID on the GVCP of China's industry sectors by constructing ID indicators. The conclusions of the study are shown below. First, ID significantly enhances the GVCP of China's industry sectors, which can drive the industry sectors to realize value chain climbing. Second, mechanism analyses shows that ID can enhance the GVCP by increasing export technology complexity and revealed comparative advantage of China's industry sectors. Third, ID mainly influences the forward production lengths, and ID boosts GVCP more significantly for technology-intensive and pollution-intensive sectors. Fourth, the economic consequences show that ID decreases energy intensity and labor employment by improving the GVCP of China's industry sectors. Based on the findings, we believe that upgrading the digitization of industry sectors is an effective measure to drive up the value chains.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕХАТРОННОГО СТАНОЧНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В ГИБРИДНОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

World trends and prospects of development of technological equipment complexes are considered. The applied stages and phases of machining equipment design are analyzed by means of constructing design schemes traditional for machine mechanics. It is proposed to create technological machine tool complexes by layout synthesis with the help of element base, which should contain functional technological and service modules, and the service purpose of the machine tool should include the nomenclature of manufactured surface modules. It is shown that the prospects of application of energy flows for intensification of machining processes should be analyzed at the early stages of design, using thermal and electrophysical criteria to study the emerging relations in the system. It is suggested to start designing mechatronic systems of machine tool complexes from the analysis of structural relations of information technologies in hybrid production including traditional and additive technologies.

DIGITAL INHERITANCE: TRANSFER OF REAL RIGHTS ACCORDING TO THE PROCEDURE OF UNIVERSAL SUCCESSION

Digital inheritance, encompassing the transfer of digital assets after death, presents a multifaceted challenge in today's interconnected world. This article explores the concept of digital inheritance, focusing on the transfer of real rights through the procedure of universal succession. Beginning with an examination of the diverse nature of digital assets, the article navigates the legal landscape surrounding digital inheritance and the potential application of universal succession. Challenges and considerations in digital inheritance, including legal recognition, privacy concerns, technological complexity, and cross-border considerations, are addressed. The role of estate planning and technology in facilitating digital inheritance is also discussed. Through proactive collaboration between policymakers, legal experts, technology developers, and individuals, effective solutions can be developed to ensure the orderly transfer of digital assets in the digital age.

What It Takes to Teach in a Fully Online Learning Environment: Provisional Views from a Developing Country

Teachers and teaching play a critical role in the success of the online learning space. However, information about the specific strategies they employ in navigating this alternative learning space and the challenges they face remains limited. Thus, the present study was undertaken to obtain a clearer picture of teachers’ online instructional delivery and dig deeper into their difficulties for possible intervention. This study involved 17 teachers from nine higher education institutions in the Philippines. Using a descriptive case approach, overall data indicated that they promoted flexibility and interaction, facilitated learning processes, and fostered an affective learning climate as much as they could. However, these teachers faced several challenges related to technological sufficiency, learner-related factors, teaching delivery and assessment, technological complexity, and self-regulation, among others. Their varying experience was linked to their unique context brought about by several factors, namely available tools, institutional policies, pedagogical goals, and learner-related factors. Implications for classroom practices, policy-making, teacher training, and future research are discussed.

Социально-психологический контур пациента при трансплантации органов.

The article reveals for the first time the content of the patient’s socio-psychological contour, as the totality of his social connections and interactions with various people (institutions), as well as the dynamics that arise as a result of this interaction from the moment the need for transplantation arises, in the perioperative and post-transplantation periods in a psychological context. The variety of factors, as well as the technological, medical and psychological complexity of the process of organ transplantation for planets living in a certain social environment, creates the need for an integrated approach to the organization of medical care for transplantation, taking into account the contour developed by the authors.

Experience in machine tool industry of innovative industrial equipment

The experience of creating of domestic machines for combined and laser processing methods is presented. Based on the proposed approach, electrochemical copying and piercing machines, equipment for electrochemical diamond honing, and laser automated technological complexes are created and introduced into industrial production. Keywords:machine tool production, science intensive equipment, phase space, combined usovsv5@mail.ru, zhav33@mail.ru, lyn220@mail.ru, wayne1976@mail.ru

Comparison of Anti-Icing, Antifouling, and Anticorrosion Performances of the Superhydrophobic and Lubricant-Infused Coatings Based on a Hollow-Structured Kapok Fiber.

The superhydrophobic surface and slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS)/lubricant-infused surface (LIS) have attracted increasing attention owing to their multifunctionality. However, their practical applications face several problems such as complex and inefficient preparation technology, loss of lubricant, and fragile microstructures. Therefore, new strategies for preparing microstructures must be developed for constructing superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings. Herein, a low-cost and high-efficiency method for developing superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings based on in situ grown TiO2 on the surface of a hollow kapok fiber (KF) is reported. The anti-icing, antifouling, and anticorrosion performance of the superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings are compared. The superhydrophobic coating reduces the formation and accumulation of ice. The lubricant-infused coating exhibits an extremely low ice adhesion strength and durable anti-icing properties. The superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings show the outstanding antifouling property of diatom; the superhydrophobic surface exhibits superior stability over LIS without an external force field. The lubricant-infused coating shows excellent corrosion resistance and durability when immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The superhydrophobic coating loses its protection as a result of the corrosion media permeating the metal substrate via the electrolytic cell and coating interface, and the lubricant-infused coating provides lasting corrosion resistance because of the lubricant filling into the interface. Although the superhydrophobic coating is fragile and the lubricant-infused coating will lose lubricant, this simple and convenient approach can be repeated to keep the coatings active. This study provides new inspiration for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces and LIS based on natural products.