Complex Technology Research Articles

Trust as a key object of control in cognitive wars

The article is aimed at developing a systematic understanding of trust as an object of management when waging cognitive wars. The study is based on the hypothesis that with the growing complexity of identifying the truth of information against the backdrop of exponential growth in its volume, as well as the complexity of information technology, the most adequate countermeasure may be the trust of subjects of information interaction. The presence of such a hypothesis dictates the need to consider the phenomenon of trust as an object of management, as well as existing and promising mechanisms of influence on trust. The article structures the main factors influencing the formation of social trust and systematizes the idea of the types of objects of influence when waging a hybrid war. Based on the analysis of the results of research into the phenomenon of trust and the factors influencing it, a structural diagram of information management of trust is presented, where social trust is shown as the object of management, and informational and cultural aspects of the formation of trust are selected as regulating elements. The article also identifies groups of goals, objects and groups of indicators of negative information impact on trust factors, and proposes approaches to identifying the presence of such impact. The example shows that modern information technologies are an effective tool for influencing the level of trust between people, due to the intensive impact on the cognitive sphere of a person.

Covariate modeling in pharmacometrics: General points for consideration.

Modeling the relationships between covariates and pharmacometric model parameters is a central feature of pharmacometric analyses. The information obtained from covariate modeling may be used for dose selection, dose individualization, or the planning of clinical studies in different population subgroups. The pharmacometric literature has amassed a diverse, complex, and evolving collection of methodologies and interpretive guidance related to covariate modeling. With the number and complexity of technologies increasing, a need for an overview of the state of the art has emerged. In this article the International Society of Pharmacometrics (ISoP) Standards and Best Practices Committee presents perspectives on best practices for planning, executing, reporting, and interpreting covariate analyses to guide pharmacometrics decision making in academic, industry, and regulatory settings.

Unplanned Readmissions in Children with Medical Complexity in Saudi Arabia: A Large Multicenter Study.

Children with medical complexity (CMC) account for a substantial proportion of healthcare spending, and one-third of their expenditures are due to readmissions. However, knowledge regarding the healthcare-resource utilization and characteristics of CMC in Saudi Arabia is limited. To describe hospitalization patterns and characteristics of Saudi CMC with an unplanned 30-day readmission. This retrospective study included Saudi CMC (aged 0-14 years) who had an unplanned 30-day readmission at six tertiary centers in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Alahsa, and Almadina between January 2016 and December 2020. Hospital-based inclusion criteria focused on CMC with multiple complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and technology assistance (TA) device use. CMC were compared across demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital-resource utilization. A total of 9139 pediatric patients had unplanned 30-day readmission during the study period, of which 680 (7.4%) met the inclusion criteria. Genetic conditions were the most predominant primary pathology (66.3%), with one-third of cases (33.7%) involving the neuromuscular system. During the index admission, pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (33.1%). Approximately 35.1% of the readmissions were after 2 weeks. Pneumonia accounted for 32.5% of the readmissions. After readmission, 16.9% of patients were diagnosed with another CCC or received a new TA device, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6.6%. The rate of unplanned 30-day readmissions in children with medical complexity in Saudi Arabia is 7.4%, which is lower than those reported from developed countries. Saudi children with CCCs and TA devices were readmitted approximately within similar post-discharge time and showed distinct hospitalization patterns associated with specific diagnoses. To effectively reduce the risk of 30-day readmissions, targeted measures must be introduced both during the hospitalization period and after discharge.

Does Tax Compliance Intention Mediate the Determinant of Tax Compliance? Evidence from Indonesia

Purpose: The increasing use of technology and business complexity means that taxpayers must increase their knowledge in completing tax obligations. Theoretical framework: Tax compliance intention as a mediation was analyzed the relationship among tax knowledge, tax moral, tax rate and tax sanction on tax compliance. Method: A quantitative methods approach was used by distributing questionnaires to 350 of MSMEs in Indonesia. The multiple linear regression analysis result show that there is positive effect about tax knowledge, tax moral and tax sanction on tax compliance intention. Meanwhile, the tax rate does not influence on tax compliance intention. Results and Conclusions: Furthermore, tax knowledge, tax rate and tax sanction does not have influence on tax compliance behavior. Meanwhile, there is positive relation between tax moral and tax compliance intention on tax compliance behavior. Finally, tax compliance intention mediates the influence of tax knowledge, tax moral, tax rate and tax sanction on tax compliance behavior. The tax intention of MSMEs comply tax regulation give significant effect on tax compliance behavior. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study offers implications for tax regulator to conduct tax education for tax payer in order to develop MSMEs motivation intrinsic that can improve taxpayer intention to comply on tax regulation. Originality/value: Our novelty contribution of tax knowledge measurements on task risk knowledge and profit-tax knowledge dimensions can impact MSMEs intention to comply.

Creation of effective technologies for managing hydrodynamic flows at field development sites in Western Siberia

The scientific article highlights the results of theoretical and laboratory studies of a complex of compositions and technologies for controlling the inflow of fluids developed for geological and field conditions of terrigenous productive strata of deposits in Western Siberia. The results of experimental and industrial work on the introduction of technological compositions for controlling hydrodynamic flows in the oil fields of the Kogalym region are presented. Keywords: oil; waterlogging; oil recovery; flow-deflecting technologies; chemical reagents; oil displacement; increased reservoir coverage.

Stepping on Toes? Role Dynamics between Journalists and Lobbyists Regarding Big Tech’s Accountability Agenda

The expanding political role of Big Tech(nology) corporations has triggered concerns about the role of the media in holding corporate power to account. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of role dynamics between journalists and lobbyists toward the agenda for Big Tech’s responsibilities. Based on semi-structured interviews with European journalists ( n = 15) and lobbyists representing large technology corporations ( n = 15), we use professional role perceptions as a heuristic for examining the relationship of both actor groups in tandem. Journalists, who report an overlap of audience-focused with passive watchdog role ideals geared toward legislative accountability, interact with lobbyists, who assert a more concrete and active role perception. Journalists cautiously appropriate their normative watchdog role in accordance with the ideals of detachment and balance to maintain their own media legitimacy and access to an oligopolistic information environment. Remaining strategically sovereign over information, lobbyists perceive a strong mandate to establish Big Tech as a relevant stakeholder in the agenda on their regulatory accountability, but in mid of a perceived techlash, the majority of corporations avoid public attention. Both actor groups’ limited and off-the-record interaction reflects a defensive corporate stance, keeping their negotiation of Big Tech’s accountability off-stage. The technological and regulatory complexity of the information environment might render these corporations unfit for soft regulation by news media. We discuss implications for their co-dependence in the context of fast technological advancement and disruption of (corporate) mediatization processes.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PROCESSING GRANULAR FILTERS FOR PRIMARY ALUMINUM REFINING

This article presents the results of experimental studies on the involvement in the processing of used filters from ash and slag waste used in the refining of primary aluminum as a filler in the production of concrete for building products. The research was carried out within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the competition «Zhas Galym» under the project IRN AR19175493 «Development of technology for refining primary aluminum with filters with an active surface». The recycling of used grain filters was carried out in three stages: preliminary processing of filter grains to remove aluminum scrap; metallurgical processing of separated aluminum scrap by remelting in an induction crucible furnace and refining using complex technology described by the authors in the work; obtaining a concrete mixture based on crushed waste filter grains, quartz sand and bauxite sludge, screenings from crushing rocks with a fraction of 20–30 mm and Portland cement to obtain samples of construction products. According to the test results, the tensile strength of concrete samples of building products is 20.89–37.75 MPa, depending on the content of Portland cement (from 20 to 40 %) and corresponds to the class of heavy concrete. Keywords: aluminum, granular filter, ash, waste, recycling.

Assigning a social status from face adornments: an fMRI study.

For at least 150,000 years, the human body has been culturally modified by the wearing of personal ornaments and probably by painting with red pigment. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain networks involved in attributing social status from face decorations. Results showed the fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and salience network were involved in social encoding, categorization, and evaluation. The hippocampus and parahippocampus were activated due to the memory and associative skills required for the task, while the inferior frontal gyrus likely interpreted face ornaments as symbols. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis clarified the interaction between these regions. The study highlights the importance of these neural interactions in the symbolic interpretation of social markers on the human face, which were likely active in early Homo species and intensified with Homo sapiens populations as more complex technologies were developed to culturalize the human face.

Electronics and Expertise: Constructing the Smart TV on the Retail Sales Floor

This article considers how TV retailers shape public understanding of television as a cultural technology and household device. Drawing on interviews with Australian TV retailers, we identify four sales strategies used when selling smart TVs in-store: simplification, avoidance, empathy, and exploitation. Our analysis shows how these sales strategies seek to minimize and manage the smart TV’s technological complexity, thus downplaying its interactive potential. We critically assess the assumptions about technological expertise that underlie these strategies.

Collaborative research in healthcare: uncovering the impact of industry collaboration on the service innovativeness of university hospitals

AbstractIn the face of the challenges of rising demand and increasing economic pressure, medical service innovations and university hospitals are becoming increasingly important as cornerstones for the continuous development of medical care. Simultaneously, increasing technological complexity, scarce funding, and resource-intensive technology development are forcing university hospitals to open up their internal innovation processes. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of cross-sectoral collaboration on the innovation performance of industrial entities, while neglecting the perspective of academic institutions. The impact of industry collaborations on the service innovativeness of university hospitals in particular has not been addressed in previous research. Although the potential for nonlinear effects of university-industry collaborations has been discussed in research, adequate evidence, particularly in the healthcare context, has not been provided. Therefore, this study addresses the questions: (1) What is the impact of university-hospital-industry collaboration (UHIC) on the service innovativeness of university hospitals? (2) Can a nonlinear relationship between UHIC and university hospitals' service innovativeness be empirically verified? The hypotheses are tested based on an unbalanced panel data set, which combines three distinct data sources and comprises annual observations from 2011 until 2019 of all German university hospitals. The findings indicate that the UHIC intensity has a positive effect on university hospitals’ service innovativeness with a one-year time lag. Furthermore, a negative quadratic UHIC effect was found. In doing so, this study complements existing research and opens the black box by uncovering the downside of cross-sectoral collaboration for a more complete understanding of the underlying dynamics of this growing area of research, with a particular focus on university hospitals.

Supplement for Complex Arrhythmia Management, Tools, Techniques, and Technologies Symposium - February 2024.

Supplement for Complex Arrhythmia Management, Tools, Techniques, and Technologies Symposium - February 2024.

Electrochemical microfluidic sensing platforms for biosecurity analysis.

Biosecurity encompasses the health and safety of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In this article, "biosecurity" is defined as encompassing the comprehensive aspects of human, animal, plant, and environmental safety. Reliable biosecurity testing technology is the key point for effectively assessing biosecurity risks and ensuring biosecurity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop excellent detection technologies to detect risk factors that can affect biosecurity. An electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform integrates fluid control, target recognition, signal transduction, and output and incorporates the advantages of electrochemical analysis technology and microfluidic technology. Thus, anelectrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform, characterized by exceptional analytical sensitivity, portability, rapid analysis speed, low reagent consumption, and low risk of contamination, shows considerable promise for biosecurity detection compared to traditional, more complex, and time-consuming detection technologies. This review provides a concise introduction to electrochemical microfluidic biosensors and biosecurity. It highlights recent research advances in utilizing electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms to assess biosecurity risk factors. It includes the use of electrochemical microfluidic biosensors for the detection of risk factors directly endangering biosecurity (direct application: namely, risk factors directly endangering the health of human, animals, and plants) and for the detection of risk factors indirectly endangering biosecurity (indirect application: namely, risk factors endangering the safety of food and the environment). Finally, we outline the current challenges and future perspectives of electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms.

FEATURES OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE'S TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM

The modern industrial revolution and the concept of supply chain management have created opportunities for joint use of a complex of technologies that help create more efficient production and distribution systems. Such a system allows at any moment to collect and analyze information about changes in the environment, quickly adapt to them and create additional value in the process of managing supply chains. That is why the issue of digital transformation of transport and logistics systems is relevant. To implement the goals of the article, the following methods were used: information on the state of research in the field of digital transformation of transport and logistics systems was analyzed and synthesized. With the help of a system and information-logical approach, the directions of influence of digital transformation on the studied system are determined. In the course of the research, analytical methods, graphic methods and the synthesis method were also widely used to build a model of the digital platform for the transport and logistics system and to form the process of creating and verifying the project of implementing digital technologies during the transformation. The article further developed the components of the digital platform of the transport-logistics system, which, unlike the existing ones, are assembled into a system and supplemented with elements of insurance and routing. The proposed improvements will make it possible to increase the manageability, certainty, effectiveness and control of the transport and logistics system and its components and harmonize the process of digital transformation. The obtained results, consisting in the development of a digital platform of the enterprise's transport and logistics system and the process of creating and verifying a project for the implementation of digital technologies during the transformation, allow further research on the specification of certain aspects of the digital transformation of the enterprise's transport and logistics system.

Capturing the shifting work of teaching in higher education through postcards of practice

ABSTRACT Amongst the rapid and continual changes occurring in higher education is a heightened emphasis on teaching and the emergence of a quality teaching discourse. In tandem, we are living through a time where not only circumstances, but also new, more complex technologies continue to disrupt and challenge the ways teaching occurs. Despite various initiatives and compliance mechanisms, trust in notions of quality, accountability and scholarship related to teaching in higher education has been questioned. Tensions emerge between the consistency required by institutions and the creativity academics may want to employ in their teaching. Similarly, opportunities for academics to interrogate, discuss and reflect on their teaching can be problematic. In this article, we examine the perspectives of those working amidst these challenges to explore how learning and teaching approaches are changing in the current higher education climate. We draw on data from academic staff working in a faculty of education who shared their understandings through both text and visual responses about their prior, current and imagined future approaches to learning and teaching. We show how academics affectively and reflexively respond to uncertainty and disruption in ways that contribute to understanding and adapting to the challenges of our increasingly digital world.

Opportunities and limits of lunar gravitational-wave detection.

A new era of lunar exploration has begun with participation of all major space agencies. This activity brings opportunities for revolutionary science experiments and observatories on the Moon. The idea of a lunar gravitational-wave detector wasalready proposed during the Apollo programme. The key characteristic of the Moon is that it is seismically extremely quiet. It was also pointed out that the permanently shadowed regions at the lunar poles provide ideal conditions for gravitational-wave detection. In recent years, three different detector concepts were proposed with varying levels of technological complexity and science potential. In this paper, we confront the three concepts in terms of their observational capabilities based on a first more detailed modelling of instrumental noise. We identify important technological challenges and potential show-stoppers. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)'.

The dark side of the moon? Fintech and financial stability

AbstractRapid advances in digital technology are revolutionizing the financial landscape. The rise of fintech has the potential to make financial systems more efficient and competitive and broaden financial inclusion. With greater technological complexity, however, fintech also poses potential systemic risks. In this paper, I use a novel dataset to trace the development of fintech (excluding cryptocurrencies) and empirically assess its impact on financial stability in a panel of 198 countries over the period 2012–2020. The analysis provides interesting insights into how fintech correlates with financial stability: (1) the impact magnitude and statistical significance of fintech depend on the type of instrument (digital lending vs. digital capital raising); (2) the overall effect of all fintech instruments together turns out to be negative because of the overwhelming share of digital lending in total, albeit statistically insignificant; and (3) while digital capital raising is estimated to have a positive effect on financial stability in advanced economies, its effect is negative in developing countries. Fintech is still small compared to traditional institutions, but rapidly expanding in riskier segments of the financial sector and creating new challenges for policymakers.

Leasing in Russian agricultural economy: current stage of development

The purpose of the study is to analyze leasing sustainable development as the main investment mechanism of the Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment. The author uses general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical methods, graphical methods, etc.). The current state of the domestic agrarian sector technical equipment, the development of agricultural machinery leasing market development, issues and prospects for the use of agrarian leasing at the present stage have been considered. Considering the current situation in the domestic market, decreased prices for agricultural products and outstripping growth of prices for equipment, domestic agricultural producers need systemic state support to maintain the machinery and tractor fleet renewal pace. In conditions of agricultural machinery and investment resources for its reproduction deficit, leasing is one of the effective tools in solving the technical potential of the agricultural sector technical potential strengthening issues. The main promising areas of leasing mechanisms application, contributing to technical re-equipment acceleration in the agricultural sector have been proposed (sustainable development projects, national “green taxonomy”, “green” bonds; agricultural machinery market digitalization development; use of leasing mechanisms for the machinery and technology complexes development as a modern form of joint machinery use in agriculture). The proposed areas will ensure systemic development and acceleration of Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment.

Methodological Problems and Strategic Goals of the Work on Creation of the Theory and Technology of New Generation Intelligent Computer Systems

The main methodological problems and strategic goals of work on creating the theory and technology of intelligent computer systems of a new generation are considered. The problems of the current state of work in the field of artificial intelligence and their causes are studied, and the need for a transition to a new generation of intelligent computer systems is substantiated. The basic principles underlying such systems, as well as the corresponding complex technology, are presented. The transition from local automation when solving particular problems to complex automation of various areas of human activity is justified. The concept of an ecosystem of interoperable intelligent computer systems is proposed, which is the basis for complex automation. The architecture of the ecosystem, the directions of its evolution, and the classes of systems included in the ecosystem are considered.

Abstract 3149: Development of a novel site-specific ADC glycan platform with potential for improved in vivo efficacy and stability of the ADC in animal studies

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising modality for delivering cytotoxic drugs to targeted tumor cells while avoiding off-tumor toxicities. Despite successes in the past 20 years, development of effective ADCs with broad therapeutic window remains challenging due to the complexity of conjugation technologies and the instability of the linkers. Most platforms currently in the market as well as under clinical development may face limitations ascribed to the heterogeneity of ADCs with various drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). This likely resulted from random conjugation and poor overall biophysical characteristics caused by linker hydrophobicity. The limitations may impact the efficacy, safety, bioavailability, and the robustness of manufacturing process of these therapeutic agents. OBI developed a unique glycan ADC platform (GlycOBI) to enable a site-specific conjugation, which is in a 'Plug and Play' format and compatible with any antibodies, linkers, and payloads in various DAR. This is an efficient and scalable process to generate homogenous ADCs. This platform overcomes the limitations of traditional ADCs, resulting in the improvement of efficacy and stability. We developed a non-genetic, engineering-free approach to generate site-specific homogenous ADCs. This was achieved by utilizing OBI proprietary enzymatic technology (EndoSymeOBI), followed by the click chemistry to conjugate the hydrophilic linker-payload via the glycan site that naturally occurs on the antibody’s Fc region. The conjugation process avoids disrupting the antibody structure, ensuring the related ADC has similar biophysical characteristics compared to native antibody. Furthermore, OBI linker technology improves the conjugation efficiency of the payload, as well as reduces the aggregation propensity, and expands the half-life of the ADC products. Anti-TROP2 and anti-HER2 ADCs are developed based on OBI glycan ADC platform (GlycOBI) using a topoisomerase I inhibitor, exatecan, as the payload. Both ADCs demonstrated greater chemical stability in serum stability studies compared to competitor ADCs. Additionally, they showed broad activity against different cancer cell lines in vitro as well as in mouse xenograft models. The preclinical data presented here suggest that GlycOBI is an outstanding ADC platform to improve the performance of ADCs. Further investigations, including studies in the clinical settings, are warranted. Citation Format: Teng-Yi Huang, Yin-Cheng Hsieh, Ka-Shu Fung, Yu-Chao Huang, Chi-Sheng Shia, Ming-Feng Chiang, Nan-Hsuan Wang, Wan-Fen Li, Ming-Tain Lai. Development of a novel site-specific ADC glycan platform with potential for improved in vivo efficacy and stability of the ADC in animal studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3149.

The influence of water rights transfer policy on farmers' intention to conserve water

Abstract Exploring the factors influencing farmers' water conservation intentions under the water rights transfer policy is crucial for developing equitable water rights systems and safeguarding farmers' interests. Leveraging data from 608 respondents in the Yellow Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, China, integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of perceived value, we present an analytical framework to investigate the factors affecting farmers' water conservation intentions through structural equation modeling. Our findings reveal the following: firstly, farmers' water conservation intentions are predominantly influenced by subjective norms, behavioral attitudes, perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits, and perceived risks; secondly, perceived behavioral control exerts the most significant impact on farmers' water conservation intention, whereas subjective norms have the weakest influence. This implies that farmers’ water conservation intention is not closely related to subjective norms in the context of mandatory water-saving interventions; lastly, the paths leading to farmers' water conservation intention include ‘perceived benefits/perceived risks → behavioral intention,’ and an indirect path through ‘perceived benefits/perceived risks → behavioral attitudes → behavioral intention’. Consequently, reducing the water-saving technology complexity, harnessing the influence of neighboring communities and water user associations, and enhancing farmers' compensation are effective strategies to bolster farmers' intention to engage in water conservation.