Science Techniques Research Articles

The Dysregulation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulators Role in SV40 Related Renal Cell Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible involvement of SV40 polyomavirus in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients from the province of Al-Najaf. The study analyzed 75 paraffin-embedded block tissues of RCC, collected from archives of AL-Sader Medical City, and some private histopathology laboratories in Najaf governorate. The patients included 45 males and 30 females, aged between 22 and 70 years. The study used advanced scientific techniques, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), to detect the presence of SV40 and evaluate the expression state of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulators (KAP or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) & Cyclin E1 markers). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was used for diagnosing RCC. The study found that RCC is associated with the dysregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase regulators (CDK), caused by the SV40 polyomavirus. The results of the IHC analysis showed an increased positive percentage for KAP or CDKN3 marker and a decreased positive percentage of Cyclin E1 marker. Additionally, the clear cell type was found to be the most common, accounting for 56% of the cases, while grade I was the most prevalent, representing 41.3% of the cases. Tumor stage type I was found to be higher, with 25 cases. PCR detected the presence of SV40 in 20 cases, accounting for 26.7% of the total cases studied. The study concluded that the Simian Virus 40 (SV40), particularly its Large T Antigen (Tag), affects CDK regulators and disrupts the delicate equilibrium of cell cycle regulation systems. Therefore, the study suggests a possible link between the development of renal cell carcinoma and the SV40 polyomavirus. The study recommends routine testing for the detection of RCC using PCR and IHC methods.

An integrated methodology for enterprise financial management capability evaluation based on EDAS technique and group decision making

The financial management capability of enterprises, as an important component of their soft power, has a decisive impact on the success or failure of their operations. In the increasingly fierce market competition, enterprises must continuously improve their financial management capabilities in order to ensure efficient operation and achieve better economic benefits. Insufficient financial management capabilities in enterprises can seriously affect the stability of production and operation, hinder the realization of profits, and hinder the long-term development of enterprises. In order to better improve the financial management level of enterprises and promote the standardization of financial management, it is necessary to use scientific techniques to evaluate the financial management ability of enterprises, so as to accurately grasp the key links in the financial management process of enterprises and implement targeted effective measures. The enterprise financial management capability evaluation is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM). In recent years, the MAGDM problem has become an important research field in modern decision science. This paper extends the EDAS technique to the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (2TLPFSs). On the basis of the original EDAS technique, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy number EDAS (2TLPFN-EDAS) technique based on cosine similarity measure (CSM) and Hamming distances is managed for MAGDM. Finally, a case study for enterprise financial management capability evaluation and some comparative analysis with the other techniques show that the new technique proposed in this paper is effective, reasonable and accurate. The main contribution of the paper is summarized: (1) the 2TLPFN-EDAS technique based on CSM and Hamming distances is managed for MAGDM under 2TLPFSs; (2) The entropy is employed to manage the attribute weight based on cosine similarity measure(CSM) and Hamming distances under 2TLPFSs; (3) the 2TLPFN-EDAS technique is employed for enterprise financial management capability evaluation and were compared with some existing techniques; (4) Through the comparison, it is found that 2TLPFN-EDAS technique for enterprise financial management capability evaluation proposed are effective.

Automatic detection of epileptic seizure using machine learning-based IANFIS-LightGBM system

A sudden increase in electrical activity in the brain is a defining feature of one of the severe neurological diseases known as epilepsy. This abnormality appears as a seizure, and identifying seizures is an important field of research. An essential technique for examining the features of neurological issues brain activities, and epileptic seizures is electroencephalography (EEG). In EEG data, analyzing epileptic irregularities visually requires a lot of time from neurologists. For accurate detection of epileptic seizures, numerous scientific techniques have been used with EEG data, and most of these techniques have produced promising results. For EEG signal classification with a high classification accuracy rate, the present research proposes an enhanced machine learning-based epileptic seizure detection model. The present research provides a hybrid Improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (IANFIS)-Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) technique for automatically detecting and diagnosing epilepsy from EEG data. The experimental findings were supported by EEG records made available by the German University of Bonn and scalp EEG data acquired at Children’s Hospital Boston. The suggested IANFIS-LightGBM, according to the results, offers the most significant classification accuracy ratings in both situations.

Peculiarities of consideration of cases in the ECtHR regarding the protection of constitutional human rights related to the fourth generation of somatic rights

The issue of the emergence, development, and existence of the most relevant, but least doctrinally researched human rights, which constitute the so-called fourth generation of such rights, with the acquisition of their wide social prevalence, requires appropriate theoretical elaboration and legal regulation. Because the fourth group of human rights is quite controversial, the law as a system of norms should give a quick and adequate reaction to such drastic social changes through their normative consolidation, in particular, the transformation of the constitutional and legal status of a person. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights continues to acquire fundamental importance in the context of the study of modern standards of somatic human rights of the fourth generation, which we will dwell on in more detail in this study. The general scientific, group, and special scientific research approaches, methods, and techniques were the methodological basis of scientific research. The purpose of the article is to carry out a legal analysis of the issue of protection of somatic rights through the prism of the judicial practice of the ECtHR. Keywords: somatic

Integration of Polygenic Risk Scores and Artificial Intelligence into Healthcare

The introduction of artificial intelligence technology has been groundbreaking in increasing positive outcomes and simplifying processes for numerous industries. In recent years, the healthcare field has followed suit by leveraging advancements to allow for predictive analysis. The integration of artificial intelligence into scientific techniques has transformed the way we identify the population’s genetic predispositions to diseases. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are a calculation of an individual’s risk for a certain genetic disease. However, since most complex diseases are also affected by environmental and lifestyle factors that these tests don’t take into consideration, utilizing artificial intelligence in addition to this provides a much more accurate approach. This will aid in identifying individuals at higher risk, usually because of family history, in order to provide a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan. While this combination holds significant promise in advancing personalized medicine, it’s important to be aware of the possible racial and socioeconomic underrepresentation present in the current development of these technologies.

Crystallographic Study of Vertebrate Fossils from The Central Narmada Valley, India.

The Narmada River originates in eastern Madhya Pradesh near Amarkantak (200 40' N, 81 46' E), travels through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat before emptying into the Gulf of Cambay in the Arabian Sea, close to Baruch in Gujarat. Numerous fossil discoveries in the region include various mammals, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, and molluscan shells. In addition to being a rare mid-continental location in the Old World, the Narmada Valley has traditionally served as a line delineating Northern and Southern India. This valley has produced countless animal fossils as well as a few human fossils. This has been a crucial route for the movement of both faunal migrations from the north to the south and the transmission of the monsoons from the southeast to the northwest. The present work examines the crystallization index of the faunal fossils from three (Barmanghat ,Talayyaghat ,Devakachar) localities in the Central Narmada valley falling within the region of Madhya Pradesh. Fossil samples were subjected to X-Ray diffraction in order to calculate the Crystallization index as a direct indicator of the degree of fossilization. The materials of Narmada river valley have been studied extensively by previous scholars; however, this study is first attempt to study the fossils using scientific technique such as XRD.

Using the hybrid method AHP-PROMETHEE to allocate teaching posts

The decision-making process regarding the allocation of professor positions is a recurring theme in higher education institutions. The study shows a model of allocation of teaching positions based on a hybrid methodology AHP-PROMETHEE, proposed for a higher education institution with distribution of vacancies in departments. Where, through the case study, it was possible to determine, through a scientific technique, the appropriate allocation of places, presenting as a result the department in which the vacancy will be allocated. For this purpose, the AHP was used to define the weights of the analyzed criteria and the PROMETHEE to select the department that will receive the teaching post. The work also compares the result presented by the proposed method with the solutions proposed by the model used by the analyzed institution and the MEC/Andifes model, in addition to demonstrating the advantages of using the AHP-PROMETHEE technique to solve the problem.

LEGO® under stage light: Studying the ABS light-stability through a complementary multi-analytical approach

Throughout the 20th Century, plastics found extensive use in fashion, art, and design due to their versatile nature. However, their degradation over time poses challenges, impacting material integrity, particularly in museum collections. To tackle this issue, different scientific techniques have been employed to study polymers. In this work, a complementary multi-analytical approach is proposed to investigate the light stability of ABS compounds, selecting LEGO® bricks as reference material. The method is based on fluorescence emission and lifetime integrating point-like analysis and imaging systems to corroborate chemical and spatial information specifically addressed at the surface level. The latter has shown promising results in studying ABS objects, offering insights into degradation and aiding conservation efforts.

Encapsulating In Vitro Transcribed circRNA into Lipid Nanoparticles Via Microfluidic Mixing.

This chapter serves as a guide for researchers embarking on circular RNA-based translational studies. It provides a foundation for the successful encapsulation of circular RNA into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and facilitates progress in this emerging field. Crucial scientific methods and techniques involved in the formulation process, particle characterization, and downstream processing of circ-LNPs are covered. The production of in vitro transcribed circular RNA-containing LNPs based on a commercially available lipid mix is provided, in addition to the fundamentals for successful encapsulation based on lipid mixes composed of single components. Furthermore, the transfection and validation protocols for the identification of a functional and potentially therapeutic circRNA candidate for initial in vitro verification, before subsequent LNP studies, are explained.

Photon Field Networks for Dynamic Real-Time Volumetric Global Illumination.

Volume data is commonly found in many scientific disciplines, like medicine, physics, and biology. Experts rely on robust scientific visualization techniques to extract valuable insights from the data. Recent years have shown path tracing to be the preferred approach for volumetric rendering, given its high levels of realism. However, real-time volumetric path tracing often suffers from stochastic noise and long convergence times, limiting interactive exploration. In this paper, we present a novel method to enable real-time global illumination for volume data visualization. We develop Photon Field Networks-a phase-function-aware, multi-light neural representation of indirect volumetric global illumination. The fields are trained on multi-phase photon caches that we compute a priori. Training can be done within seconds, after which the fields can be used in various rendering tasks. To showcase their potential, we develop a custom neural path tracer, with which our photon fields achieve interactive framerates even on large datasets. We conduct in-depth evaluations of the method's performance, including visual quality, stochastic noise, inference and rendering speeds, and accuracy regarding illumination and phase function awareness. Results are compared to ray marching, path tracing and photon mapping. Our findings show that Photon Field Networks can faithfully represent indirect global illumination within the boundaries of the trained phase spectrum while exhibiting less stochastic noise and rendering at a significantly faster rate than traditional methods.

Biochar from diverse wastes: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of heavymetal adsorption in wastewater

This article delves into the utilization of biochar derived from diverse waste sources as an effective adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater. A comprehensive quantitative analysis was conducted, scrutinizing key characteristics of biochar sourced from various waste materials for its heavy metal adsorption potential in wastewater treatment. This analysis is based on an extensive dataset spanning from 2013 to 2023, comprising a total of 608 articles retrieved from the Scopus database. Advanced bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping techniques were employed and facilitated by tools like VOSviewer and Tableau to gain insights and visualize trends in this field. The findings from this analysis indicate a consistent upward trajectory in the publication of research documents over recent years. Several countries have emerged as productive hubs, demonstrating substantial influence within their respective regions through wide-ranging collaborations. Notably, China, India, the United States, South Korea, Australia, and Malaysia stand out as the most influential contributors. Furthermore, this study explores the diverse sources of biochar materials and their efficacy in adsorbing heavy metal ions, shedding light on the relationships between these variables. Keyword analysis was conducted to identify the current hotspots within this research domain. In sum, this paper offers a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on the evolution of biochar derived from various waste sources as a formidable adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment. It serves as a catalyst for further research endeavors, encouraging scholars to explore novel biochar materials or modifications that can enhance adsorption performance while ensuring stability and efficiency.

ПРИКЛАДНИЙ АСПЕКТ ДИСКОНТУВАННЯ ТА МОДЕЛЬ РОЗРАХУНКУ АМОРТИЗАЦІЇ ДИСКОНТУ ПРИ ОЦІНЦІ ДОВГОСТРОКОВИХ АКТИВІВ ТА ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ

The article is dedicated to substantiating the methodology for calculating the discounted value of long-term assets and liabilities and the calculation of discount amortization. It is noted that long-term assets and liabilities should be presented at their current value, necessitating the use of discounting as a tool. This process, however, is interpreted differently by accounting professionals, financial managers (as internal stakeholders), and tax authorities (as external stakeholders). Additionally, it involves numerous factors that cannot be strictly regulated, potentially leading to risks of misrepresenting income in financial statements. Therefore, to coordinate actions among various levels of a company’s financial department and to avoid legal disputes with fiscal authorities, it is crucial to justify at all management levels the importance of bringing long-term cash flows to their present value and reflecting them at this value in financial statements. he main objective of the article is to develop and substantiate an algorithm for calculating discount amortization, which is used in the valuation of long-term financial assets and liabilities. By applying the classical model of present value calculation through discounting, the authors demonstrate how this algorithm can be used to obtain an accurate valuation of assets and liabilities at different stages of their life cycle. Through a systematic approach and the use of general scientific and specialized methodological techniques, it is shown that the calculation of discount amortization for longterm assets and liabilities is based on a standard discounting model and produces derivative results used in accounting in accordance with national and international standards. The article includes an analysis of a practical example illustrating the application of the developed algorithm. Based on this example, it is proven that the proposed algorithm aligns with the fundamental principles of financial mathematics and has significant practical potential. The authors emphasize the importance of this approach in ensuring the accurate accounting of long-term liabilities and assets, which, in turn, contributes to the accuracy of financial reporting and reduces risks associated with tax obligations.

Роль Фонда развития промышленности в области развития технологического суверенитета РФ

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that, in the context of the digital transformation of the economy and structural changes in the world order aimed at forming a multipolar world, an important factor in the competitiveness of any country is to ensure technological sovereignty. The aim of the article is to clarify the role of the Industrial Development Fund in ensuring Russia’s technological sovereignty and to develop ways to improve the efficiency of these processes. The research is based on the use of general and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific cognition: analogy, formalization, abstraction and logical analysis, decomposition and structural logical analysis. The article presents an analysis of the theoretical concepts of the essence of economic sovereignty, which is the state’s ability to provide itself with the production of all critical technologies and types of products on its own. The activities of the Industrial Development Fund of the Russian Federation aimed at concessional financing of projects in the field of import substitution, development of new high-tech products and other priority high-tech areas are analyzed. The role of the Industrial Development Fund of the Russian Federation in the process of ensuring technological sovereignty has been clarified. The article proves that, in the most difficult conditions of geopolitical pressure and anti-Russian sanctions of Western states, Russia faces the task of reaching a new level of technological and industrial development. In a short time, Russia will have to raise its own critical technologies to a new level in science, information technology, industry, transport, in the development of medicines and new materials and other areas important to the country in order to ensure technological sovereignty and independence. in the production of every critically important product for us. Achieving this goal is possible by increasing the efficiency of the Industrial Development Fund. The proposed methodology for assessing and monitoring the level of technological sovereignty will make it possible to identify low-effective areas of concessional financing and adjust the decisions made by the Fund. The main scientific result of this article is the development of an approach to the role of the Russian Industrial Development Fund, which consists in the formation and dissemination of innovations in the process of creating the effect necessary to ensure technological sovereignty in the digital economy by selecting the most promising investment technology projects and providing them with concessional financing.

The current state of tort law in Ukraine and its development in the context of European integration

In today's market economy and evolving society, it is essential to update legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in civil transactions. Tort law plays a vital role in regulating compensation for damage caused by rights violations. It is aimed at assisting victims, establishing liability, and preventing harmful acts, usually resulting in monetary compensation as a form of redress. This article aims to study the current state of tort law in Ukraine, identify problematic aspects in this area, and determine the prospects for its development and improvement in the context of European integration. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, the author uses a combination of general theoretical and unique scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method.

Strengthening of the economic potential of the agricultural sector on the basis of innovation and investment provision

The study is aimed at determining the features of the process of investment support for the innovative development of economic entities; generalization of the main components of investment attraction in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine and establishment of factors and substantiation of directions for the formation of a system of investment support for ecologically safe restoration and strengthening of the economic potential of the agrarian sector of the economy. The purpose of the study is to generalize the substantive content of investment support in the context of its direction on the innovative component of strengthening the economic potential of the agricultural sector. Research methods. A system of scientific methods and techniques was used in the research process. In particular, monographic, analytical, methods of synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization. The results. It is substantiated that the task of forming an effective system of investment support for the agricultural sector is primarily to create the necessary conditions for sustainable development, increase the income of economic entities, reduce the outflow of workers from rural areas, ensure food security and strengthen its economic potential. It was determined that strengthening the economic potential on the basis of investment support is of strategic importance, as it contributes to the renewal of production processes and the growth of their efficiency, as well as to the improvement of the quality of life of the rural population. In the process of investment support of the innovative component of strengthening the economic potential, it is necessary to take into account not only economic, but also social and environmental aspects, possible risks and existing advantages. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the investment support system and strengthening the economic potential of the agricultural sector are defined as: stimulating the development of innovative activities and technological renewal, the introduction of effective financial instruments that will contribute to the provision of financial services in support of agrarian business; infrastructural development of market expansion, scientific and educational and socially oriented activities.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОПРОСА СВЯЗИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ОБЪЕКТА (BIM) И СМЕТНОЙ СТОИМОСТИ ОБЪЕКТА

An information model of a construction project (BIM-model) is an integral part of the project at the design and construction stages now days. The BIM-model contains parametric data about the object, the resources used and serves as a basis for making, as a rule, technological decisions. There is a need to transparently indicate the connection between the BIM model and the cost of the object, which is a key indicator when making management decisions. The information model is implemented in the IFC format, and estimating programs do not support this option for data transfer. In particular, the transfer of estimate data occurs using XML files. This discrepancy requires revision at the conceptual and software levels, including organizing a common data environment. The purpose of the work. The article is related to identifying the connection between the properties of the information model of the object and the estimate properties that should be included in the model parameters at all stages of the object's life cycle. Materials and methods. In the process of writing the article, general scientific methods and research techniques were used: descriptive method, comparison method, analogy method, generalization method, and systems approach. In preparing the work, the data of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of information modeling in the Russian Federation and international standards for the content and filling of the information model of the object were used. For testing, design and estimate documentation for the repair of an element of an administrative building was used. Results. A feature of the work is the development of the filling of the BIM-model with estimate properties depending on the level of development of the model (LOD), taking into account the requirements of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of construction and international standards. A method is proposed for the formation of a set of estimate properties, which can be further adapted to the needs of the customer depending on the type of construction, stage of the project life cycle and estimate standards. Conclusion. The results of the work can be used to form methodological documents on the organization of the general data environment at the stages of the life cycle of a capital facility.

Integration of academics, extracurricular activities, and latest scientific techniques at Santosh Medical College

ABSTRACT What we learn with pleasure we never forget. Learning in medical college is a tedious process. Students feel overburdened by the amount of syllabus. Hence, faculty at Santosh Medical College is constantly looking for methods to incorporate extracurricular activities in medical teaching. Anatomy is taught to students in their 1st year as it forms the foundation for medical knowledge. It is the study of the morphology of the human body; medical students usually get confused with numerous organ names, their functions, and relations. Students try to mug up anatomy without having a three-dimensional concept of organs and their relations. Hence, it is the duty of anatomy teacher to make anatomy learning more fun learning and conceptual with hands-on activities. It is usually agreed by educators that if extracurricular activities are incorporated with academics, students tend to have a better grasp of subjects.

Bank payment cards as the main form of modern monetary relations and basis of money circulation

Introduction. Today, payment cards are a key tool for remote access of money holders to bank accounts and a means of moving funds through the financial sector, and therefore are the main driver of the organization of payment services. This allows to assert that the development of banking operations with payment cards is of fundamental importance for ensuring the smooth functioning of settlement systems, improving the mechanisms of monetary regulation and providing the economy with an adequate amount of means of payment, which decisively depends on the effective organization of money circulation in general. Due to the fact that payment cards are one of the most powerful tools that affect the structure of the country's entire payment circulation, the study of card payment systems and the market of payment instruments at the macro level is becoming increasingly important and relevant. Goal. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the modern role of bank payment cards as the main form of monetary relations, in connection with which there is a need to clarify the main trends in the development of the market of payment instruments. Methodology. General scientific techniques and tools, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, consolidation and grouping, scientific abstraction are used. Results. The current trends in the development of the payment system in the context of digitalization of the economy and virtualization of monetary relations, in which payment cards are a key tool for access to bank accounts and a means of moving funds, are analyzed. The role of payment cards as the basis of the modern settlement mechanism, which affects the structure of payment circulation, is considered, and the advantages of payment cards for all participants in settlement transactions are determined. The current trends in the development of the payment card market in Ukraine in terms of the number, volume and structure of card transactions are studied and systematized. The negative trends and problems accompanying transactions with payment cards are analyzed, and the directions of optimization of the settlement mechanism are determined.

The modern paradigm for the development of the regional transport complex

The purpose of the article is to consider the diagnosis of the socio-economic characteristics of the region, to justify the specifics and perspectives for the development of its transport complex. Socio-economic diagnostics is a set of scientific techniques and methods aimed at identifying and examining the level and characteristics of the development of the region’s economy. At the same time, diagnostics becomes a methodology for determining the development opportunities of the transport complex. Transport serves trade and economic ties between enterprises and industries, ensures inter-territorial contiguity of the country’s regions, and transports the population between settlements. The development of transport is directly determined by the mobility of the population, as well as the level of economic development, the needs of manufacturers for the transportation of materials and goods. The modern paradigm of spatial development of the transport complex describes the region as an independent subject in the country’s economic management system, and transport communications provide socio-economic relationships between individual regions.

Explaining the Reciprocal Relationships of Constructs Influencing the Technology Management System in the Ministry of Petroleum

Objective: Given the importance of effective and efficient management of technology in the success and dynamism of the nation's vast oil industry, it is undoubtedly essential to pay adequate attention to the management and control of the components influencing the technology management system. The present article aims to identify and determine the reciprocal relationships and impacts of the factors within the technology management system in the subsidiary companies of the Ministry of Petroleum. Methodology: The research is developmental and applied in nature, with a statistical population consisting of 450 senior managers and experts from five subsidiary companies of the Ministry of Petroleum. The required sample, based on the Krejcie-Morgan table, was determined to be 210 individuals and was selected using the purposive judgment technique. The data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire with 52 items based on a Likert scale for performing exploratory factor analysis, as well as a standard DEMATEL technique questionnaire. The validity of the first questionnaire was confirmed based on content and construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability indicated the reliability of the research instruments. Findings: In this study, according to data analysis using Smart PLS software, 16 components affecting the technology management system were selected based on the eigenvalue criterion, explaining 60.8% of the variance of the studied variable. Additionally, by executing the steps of the DEMATEL scientific technique approach, the intensity of the reciprocal relationships among the research criteria was examined, and the factors were divided into two categories: influencing and influenced. Conclusion: Therefore, it is hoped that by increasing effective links between academic and research communities and industrial environments, particularly the large oil industry of the country, and simultaneously improving the quality and practical applicability of scientific research outcomes, the belief in the significant and positive impact of applying study findings in improving and organizing the technological sector of the country's oil industries will be strengthened within the managerial framework of this large organization.