Sampling Technique Research Articles

Exploring the effectiveness of AI-generated learning materials in facilitating active learning strategies and knowledge retention in higher education

Purpose This study aims to explore the intersection of AI-generated learning materials and active learning strategies in higher education artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about changes and opening up new possibilities for an improved and more efficient higher education. However, the argument is that its use in education/classroom should be informed by verifiable evidence as well as best practice, which this scholarly work helps build evidence-based research to assess this technology in higher education. Design/methodology/approach Primary data was collected through structured questionnaire administered online via Google form. Based on the non-probability sampling technique, 300 higher education tutors and students across the UK were purposively targeted, out of which 218 (72.7%) response rate was achieved. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences, whereby regression, correlation and Chi-square tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance, direction and strength of the relationship between the measured variables. Findings This study revealed that AI-generated learning materials support active learning strategies that enable students to actively engage in their learning, likewise enabling students to develop deeper understanding of their course content with significantly better knowledge retention, which is critical to the learning process. However, findings further revealed that acceptance/regular use of AI-generated learning materials is still below par across the higher education institutions, and there is major concern that the benefits may not be fully realized due to barriers to adoption. Research limitations/implications There are limitations that future studies can improve on, especially in terms of methodology. Pragmatism is a philosophical research stance that integrates quantitative data collection with qualitative data (such as interviews) and will ask in-depth questions to gain holistic quality data for such empirical. Future studies can also improve on the research scope to allow for generalizability of findings and check for potential biases in the data collection, analysis and interpretation processes. Originality/value Despite the huge anticipation regarding how AI technology could transform teachers’ roles in higher education, concrete research into AI-generated learning materials and actual impact in facilitating active learning strategies and knowledge retention is currently lacking. This study presents theoretical models on AI acceptance in higher education and explored the Technology, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge framework to inform empirical information on how AI can support active learning strategies and students’ knowledge retention.

Total Cholesterol Levels in Users of Three-Month Injectable Contraceptives

Three-month injectable contraception is a type of hormonal contraception, which contains 150 mg Depo Medroxyrogesterone Acetate (DMPA) which is given every three months. Depo Medroxyrogesterone Acetate can reduce HDL cholesterol levels and can increase LDL levels. This study aims to determine cholesterol levels in three-month injection contraceptive users at the Kassi Kassi Community Health Center. The research design used was descriptive, in which respondents used injectable contraceptives for more than 1 year of use with a sample taken of 15 respondents using a purposive sampling technique with the inclusion criteria of subjects willing to be used as research samples, using 3-month injectable contraceptives for more than 1 year, aged 25 – 35 years old and fast for 8 – 10 hours. The research was conducted at the Kassi Kassi Health Center and Megarezky Makassar clinic in November 2021. The research results were obtained from 15 respondents, there were 6 respondents (40%) with normal cholesterol levels, and there were 9 respondents (60%) with high cholesterol levels. The conclusion is that the majority of 3-month injection contraceptive users have high cholesterol levels.

Physical, mental, and financial wellbeing in urban Pakistan: linkages and empirical evidence

ABSTRACT There has been vast research on the link between mental health and financial wellbeing but less emphasis has been on its connection with physical health. This paper aims to estimate the effect of past mental health and present physical health on present financial wellbeing in a mediation analysis. The data was collected for the year 2022 in urban Pakistan through questionnaire method from the head (the financial decision maker or the bread winner) of the sample households. The total sample size of 400 households was selected using Yamane’s formula. Using proportional stratified random sampling technique, the sample was allocated proportionally among all the provinces and the corresponding sampled cities. The results from the ordered probit regression analyses suggest that the present physical health partially mediates the relationship between past mental health and present financial wellbeing in terms of magnitude. Moreover, the financial wellbeing is positively associated with past mental health and present physical health of the sample households. The Government is advised to put more emphasis on mental health awareness sessions via social media and other channels as mental health has positive influence on physical health which in turn has positive effect on financial wellbeing.

The Effect of Earning Management, Information Asymmetry and Growth Asset on Future Stock Return with Dividend Policy as the Moderating Variable

This study aims to test and analyse the effect of effect of Eamings Management, Information Asymmetry and Asset Growth on the Future Stock Returns and whether the Dividend Policy could strengthen the relationship between the effects of Eamings Management, Information Asymmetry and Asset Growth on the Future Stock Returns in index LQ-45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. This type of research is quantitative, using secondary data. The hypothesis testing used in the study was the Moderated Regression Analysis and Eviews 13 applications. The population in this study were all companies listed on index LQ-45. The data collection technique in this study was purposive sampling technique, from 45 research populations to 18 used as research samples. The results showed that Eamings Management, Information Asymmetry and Asset Growth simultaneously affect Future Stock Returns in index LQ-45 companies from 2017 to 2022. The research results obtained Risk Eamings Management affects Future Stock Returns, Information Asymmetry has no effect on Future Stock Returns, Asset Growth has no effect Future Stock Returns and the dividend policy could not strengthen the relationship between the effect of eamings management, information asymmetry and asset growth on the future stock retums.

A true experimental study to assess the effectiveness of juice in relieving constipation among older adults in a selected hospital, Kolar

: Chronic constipation becomes more common as people age, in both genders, although it becomes most common beyond age 60. is commonly used as a potent laxative and as a substance to enhance gastrointestinal motility. can be used as a natural remedy for constipation at affordable prices among old age people.Study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aloeAloe vera juice to relieve constipation among older adults.For the present study, a randomized control trial pretest-posttest design was adopted. Subjects consist of 60 (30 Experimental and 30 Control) older adults from R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre. The pretest was conducted using the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) through the Block Randomization sampling technique in both groups. A freshly prepared juice of 100 milligrams per day was given for 20 days. Posttest was conducted in both experimental and control group after 10, and 20 day. The data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method using frequency, percentage, SD, Independent t test, paired t test and RMANOVA with Posthoc test. The dataset comprised 60 elderly patients. In total, the Majority of respondents 70% and 73.3% reported moderate level constipation in the experimental group & and control group during pretest. Constipation scores of no problem during posttest-I was 93.3% & 96% in experimental group during 10 and 20 day. Whereas in control group remains unchanged with moderate and severe constipation scores. Independent “t”test and RMANOVA found to be significant in experimental group. Constipation remains a clinical problem among elderly. There is a significant relationship between effectiveness of juice in relieving constipation among old age people.Furthermore study emphasize that, home remedy based laxatives which are affordable, available aloevera juice are effective to relive constipation among elderly. , Constipation, Old Age

Streptococcus pyogenes carriage rate, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among urban and rural schoolchildren at Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia

Streptococcus pyogenes remains one of the top ten causes of mortality from infectious diseases. Children in low-income nations have high carrier rates of Streptococcus pyogenes, which can serve as a source of infections, including simple superficial infections that may lead to invasive and post-streptococcal diseases, particularly among schoolchildren. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among urban and rural public schoolchildren in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted via a multistage sampling technique among elementary schoolchildren from April to June 2022 in Gondar City. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected via a pretested structured questionnaire. Standard microbiological methods were used to collect and process throat swabs to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed via the disk diffusion method. Epi-Info version 7.2.5 was used to enter the data, which were then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the strength of associations between variables, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in 438 children was 11.2% (n = 49), with 71.43% (35/49) being urban and 28.57% (14/49) being rural. Low-income parents, hospital admission history, and cigarette smoking in the home were found to be substantially linked with Streptococcus pyogenes carriage among students (p < 0.05). All the Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were susceptible (100%) to penicillin and cefotaxime, but 18.8% and 12.25% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. The prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes throat carriage among was intermediate. All the isolates were sensitive to penicillin and cefotaxime, but 18.8% and 12.25% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Thus, regular screening and surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes among schoolchildren should be conducted to minimize carriage or infections and maintain the rational use of antimicrobials. Health education about cigarette smoking in the house also needs to be provided to and the community.

Factors affecting decision making among nurse managers working in government hospitals

BackgroundEffective nursing management and leadership are essential for the provision of desired patient care that will contribute to the improvement of any country's health indicators. However, nurses' views and experiences on the multitude of personal and organizational factors which may impact their decision-making abilities are often neglected in the literature. The study aimed to assess magnitude of poor decision making and its associated factors among nurse managers in South Wollo Zone Governmental Hospitals, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2023.MethodsNon experimental cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 nurse managers in South Wollo Zone Public Hospitals from April 01 2023 to May 15/2023. Participants were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by using structured questionnaire from the study participants. Data were entered using EPI data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The bi-variable logistic regression analysis model was used to identify the potential predictor variable, with p-value &amp;lt;0.25 was fitted into the multivariable logistic regression analysis model; p-value less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare, factors associated with the outcome variable. The model fitness was checked by using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Data were presented with frequency tables, graphs, and pie charts.ResultsThe study found that the overall magnitude of poor decision-making among nurse managers was 35.7%. Being self-confident [AOR = 0.01, 95% CI: (00.002, 0.05)], receiving feedback [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.76], and getting managerial support [AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.81)] were negatively associated with poor decision-making among nurse managers.ConclusionSelf-confidence, receiving feedback, and getting managerial support were variables significantly associated with poor decision-making. Authors strongly emphasize providing managerial support for nurse managers, increasing their habit of receiving feedback from colleagues, and encouraging them to build their self-confidence.

The Direct Influence of Leadership on the Commitment of State Madrasah Aliyah Teachers in West Sumatera

This study aims to examine the direct influence of leadership on the commitment of teachers at State Madrasah Aliyah in West Sumatra. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method, involving a sample of 252 teachers selected using multistage cluster stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Prerequisite tests for the analysis included the effect of the leadership variable on the organizational commitment variable. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results indicate that there is a direct influence of leadership on organizational commitment, contributing 4.88%. This suggests that the leadership variable has a significant effect on the organizational commitment variable, with a significance level of 0.00, thus the hypothesis regarding the leadership effect on organizational commitment is accepted.

Investigating trust, awareness and social influence on online banking adoption, moderated by customer relationship management: technological adoption insights

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how users’ intention to adopt online banking is influenced by perceived trust (PT), awareness (AWE) and social influence (SI) and to assess whether customer relationship management (CRM) moderates the impact of these factors on adoption intentions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 565 respondents in Pakistan using a stratified sampling technique. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS-4 to examine the proposed relationships. Findings This study’s findings reveal that PT, AWE and SI do not directly influence users’ intention to adopt online banking. Trust impacts intention through perceived ease of use, while AWE and SI affect intention via both perceived usefulness and ease of use. CRM negatively moderates SI but positively moderates the effects of PT and AWE on users’ intention. Originality/value This study explores the novel role of CRM as a moderator, offering fresh insights into how CRM enhances the impact of PT, AWE and SI on online banking adoption.

Determinants of epilepsy among outpatients in public health institutions of Dawo district, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: an institutional-based unmatched case-control study

BackgroundGlobally, in ~50% of epilepsy cases, the underlying cause remains unknown, despite the fact that various disease pathways may contribute to the condition. Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries and the risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than that for the general population. Identifying the determinants of epilepsy is important for applying evidence-based interventions to achieve a better outcome. However, this information is scarce in a country with limited resources like Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the determinant of epilepsy among outpatients in Dawo public health institutions, from 29 February to 15 April 2023.MethodAn institution-based unmatched case-control study design was used, involving 61 cases and 122 control study subjects, who were selected using a consecutive sampling technique from public health institutions in Dawo. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were coded, entered into EpiDATA version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20, for further analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the percentages and frequency distributions. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of epilepsy, and a variable with p &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 61 cases and 120 controls were included in the study, with an overall response rate of 98.90%. The majority of participants, 38 (62.3) of the cases and 63 (52.5) of the controls, were farmers by occupation. A family history of epilepsy (AOR = 13.71 95% CI 3.030–22.006), history of febrile seizure (AOR = 14.57 95% CI 2.930–24.522), history of head injury (AOR = 6.853 95% CI 1.780–16.402), and non-use of latrine were found to be determinants of epilepsy (AOR = 0.028 95% CI 0.008–0.040).Conclusion and recommendationsThe current study identified a family history of epilepsy, a history of febrile seizures, head injury, and unavailability of latrines as independent predictors of epilepsy in the study area. The information that adverse febrile seizures increase the risk of epilepsy suggests that a significant proportion of epilepsy cases in Dawo district could be prevented through improved maternal, neonatal, and child care. It is recommended that the Dawo Health Office, along with relevant stakeholders, focus on addressing this issue at various levels.

WeTICA: A directed search weighted ensemble based enhanced sampling method to estimate rare event kinetics in a reduced dimensional space.

Estimating rare event kinetics from molecular dynamics simulations is a non-trivial task despite the great advances in enhanced sampling methods. Weighted Ensemble (WE) simulation, a special class of enhanced sampling techniques, offers a way to directly calculate kinetic rate constants from biased trajectories without the need to modify the underlying energy landscape using bias potentials. Conventional WE algorithms use different binning schemes to partition the collective variable (CV) space separating the two metastable states of interest. In this work, we have developed a new "binless" WE simulation algorithm to bypass the hurdles of optimizing binning procedures. Our proposed protocol (WeTICA) uses a low-dimensional CV space to drive the WE simulation toward the specified target state. We have applied this new algorithm to recover the unfolding kinetics of three proteins: (A) TC5b Trp-cage mutant, (B) TC10b Trp-cage mutant, and (C) Protein G, with unfolding times spanning the range between 3and40μs using projections along predefined fixed Time-lagged Independent Component Analysis (TICA) eigenvectors as CVs. Calculated unfolding times converge to the reported values with good accuracy with more than one order of magnitude less cumulative WE simulation time than the unfolding time scales with or without a priori knowledge of the CVs that can capture unfolding. Our algorithm can be used with other linear CVs, not limited to TICA. Moreover, the new walker selection criteria for resampling employed in this algorithm can be used on more sophisticated nonlinear CV space for further improvements of binless WE methods.

Predictors of Academic Anxiety among Secondary School Students

Background: Academic anxiety is a feeling of worry, tension, or dread that's related to schoolwork, exams, assignments, or subjects. It can also be caused by social pressures from peers or parents, or by feeling uneasy about studying or working in groups. Academic anxiety is a prevalent issue that students must address to achieve academic success. It becomes a critical problem requiring immediate attention when it intensifies to the point where a student can no longer function productively. While feelings of anxiety are not inherently abnormal, they can become so severe in some individuals that they impair day-to-day functioning, potentially leading to the diagnosis of one or more anxiety disorders. This investigation focuses on identifying the factors that trigger academic anxiety among students. The pressure of competition is particularly evident during adolescence, especially when students transition to secondary school. At this stage, streams such as science and non-science are often allocated based on students' preferences and academic performance in previous classes. Science students frequently aspire to pursue engineering or medical courses after secondary schooling, while arts students aim for admission to prestigious colleges and universities. The intense competition for admission to these programs can heighten anxiety levels. Recognizing the impact of this issue, the researcher has sought to explore the various factors contributing to academic anxiety among secondary school students and to identify strategies for reducing it to manageable levels. Aim: The study aimed to determine the influence of intelligence, study habits, socio economic status and school environment on academic anxiety of total sample, male &amp; female samples. Method &amp; Procedure: A Descriptive research design was adopted and subsequently stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 677 students from both science and non-science streams were chosen for the present investigation. Results: The results of the present investigation have revealed that personal factors like intelligence, study habits familial factors like Socio-Economic Status and institutional factors like school environment have a significant impact on academic anxiety among all sampling groups under study.

Unveiling the Dynamics of Sustainable Development: A Holistic Examination of Green Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Performance in Indian SMEs

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationships between Green Organizational Learning (GOL), Green Organizational Innovations (GOI), and Organizational Performance (OP) in the manufacturing sector of Jammu and Kashmir. This region is known for its ecological vulnerability and recent shifts towards sustainable practices. The research involved a survey of 470 manufacturing firms using a simple random sampling technique. The study examines how organizations' engagement in environmental sustainability learning and innovation practices influences their performance. The SEM findings revealed a significant positive relationship between GOL and GOI and between GOI and OP. This suggests that adopting green innovations mediates the pathway through which learning about sustainability translates into performance gains. This study highlights the importance of fostering a culture of sustainability‐oriented learning to spur innovation and enhance organizational performance. It also suggests that green innovations serve not just as a direct catalyst for improved performance but as a bridge, that amplifies the impact of organizational learning on performance outcomes. The study offers valuable insights for managers and policymakers who aim to integrate environmental sustainability into their strategic objectives, thereby contributing to global sustainability efforts and achieving competitive advantage.

PENDETEKSIAN FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING DI LINGKUNGAN BUMN: PERSPEKTIF FRAUD HEXAGON THEORY

This study aims to analyze the influence of variables such as financial stability, financial targets, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, audit fees, change in director, change in auditor, total accruals, and CEO duality on the risk of fraudulent financial reporting in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The study is grounded in agency theory, stakeholder theory, and the GONE theory. The research sample consists of 19 SOEs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2017-2022, with a total of 114 observations. The sampling method used purposive sampling technique, and data analysis was conducted using logistic regression method with SPSS software version 27. The research findings that financial stability and financial targets have a significant positive impact on fraudulent financial reporting, while other variables do not have a significant influence.

Modeling the adoption enablers of blockchain technology–based supply chain financing: An integrative dual DOI–TOE analysis

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the adoption enablers of blockchain technology–based supply chain financing (BcTSCF) using an integrative dual diffusion of innovation theory and technology–organization–environment (DOI–TOE) analysis. As a quantitative correlational study, the purposive sampling technique is used to collect data from 522 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in Ghana. Employing partial least squares–structural equation modeling, the results show relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, regulatory support, and market dynamics are positive and statistically significant enablers. Complexity and cost negatively impact BcTSCF. Observability, competitive pressures, and manager/owner support, while positively influencing BcTSCF, are not statistically significant. From an importance–performance analysis, cost, trialability, competitive pressure, observability, and manager/owner support are low-importance, high-performance attributes. Compatibility, complexity, and relative advantage are high-importance, high-performance attributes. Theoretically, the DOI–TOE framework is integrated to propose a model to explain BcTSCF enablers from the perspectives of developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Practically, this will help the government and other manufacturing-sector stakeholders to make corresponding policy arrangements.

Enhancing Audit Quality: Key Factors and the Role of Rewards in Government Internal Audits at the Financial Audit Agency of North Sumatra

Numerous audit findings identified by the BPK, rather than the inspectorate—tasked with serving as an internal auditor and an early warning system—indicate that the quality of government internal audits remains inadequate. This observation suggests that the internal audit processes within government institutions have yet to achieve an optimal standard. The principal aim of this study is to analyze the influence of internal supervision, audit probity, public accountability, and auditor competence on the quality of government internal audits. Additionally, the study examines the role of rewards as a moderating variable within the context of the BPK RI North Sumatra Representative. The study utilized a saturated sampling technique to select 48 participants, and data collection was conducted via questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the MRA (Multiple Linear Regression Analysis) method with SPSS version 25. The findings from partial statistical tests reveal that neither internal supervision nor audit probity significantly impacts the quality of government internal audits. Conversely, public accountability and auditor competence demonstrate a positive and significant relationship with internal audit quality. When analyzed collectively, internal supervision, audit probity, public accountability, and auditor competence collectively contribute positively to the quality of internal audits. However, rewards do not serve as a moderating factor for the relationships between internal supervision, audit probity, public accountability, and audit quality. In conclusion, this study provides critical insights into the determinants of government internal audit quality. The results underscore the vital role of public accountability and auditor competence in enhancing the effectiveness of internal audits. Nonetheless, greater efforts are required to strengthen internal supervision and audit probity to achieve overall improvements in audit quality.

National Social Register as a Veritable Tool for Social Protection and Educational Development: Evidence from Katsina-Ala Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria

The study assessed the impact of the National Social Register as a veritable tool for social protection and educational development: Evidence from Katsina-Ala Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study consisted of 43,360 households. A sample of 396 respondents were used for the study, employing multistage sampling techniques. Questionnaires alongside interviews were employed for data collection. Data was analyzed using charts, frequencies, percentages and chi-square test. The findings of the study show that 6752 households were captured in 9 council wards that were captured in NSR out of the 12 council wards in the study area. Then, 439 households benefited from social protection programs informed of cash transfer. The study established that social protection intervention programs that the poor and vulnerable households benefited from significantly improve their level of income. Furthermore, the findings of the study also show that social protection intervention programs that the poor and vulnerable households captured in NSR benefited from have a significant impact on the educational progress of their children in the study area. The study concluded that the National Social Register (NSR) is a veritable tool for social protection and educational development in the study area. Therefore, the study recommended that governments at all levels in Nigeria should commit their resources in strengthening the process of building the NSR given that accurate data is necessary for social protection programs, development policies and planning as well as educational development.

Comparison of whole genome sequencing performance from fish swabs and fin clips

ObjectiveFin clipping is the standard DNA sampling technique for whole genome sequencing (WGS) of small fish. The collection of fin clips requires anaesthesia or even euthanisation of the individual. Swabbing may be a less invasive, non-lethal alternative to fin-clipping. Whether skin and gill swabs are comparable to fin clips in terms of DNA extraction quality and sequence read mapping performance from WGS was tested here on Eurasian minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus).ResultsOf 49 fin clips, all met the DNA concentration threshold of 20 ng/μl, whereas 43 of 88 swabs met this requirement. Preserving swabs in ATL buffer and treatment with Proteinase K during DNA extraction consistently raised skin swab DNA concentrations above the cut-off. All samples passed the A260/A280 absorbance ratio cut-off of 1.3. Ultimately, 93.88% of the fin clips, 30.61% of the skin, and 7.69% of the gill swabs were suitable for sequencing. Mapping performances of all three tissues were comparable in reads passing quality filtering, percentage of reads mapping to the P. phoxinus reference genome, and coverage. Overall, skin swabs treated with Proteinase K during extraction, can match fin clips in WGS performance and represent a viable non-invasive DNA sampling alternative.

ANALISIS STRATEGI CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT DALAM MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA BISNIS DEARLY CAKE

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies in building customer loyalty at Dearly Cake. CRM is an essential approach to enhancing customer relationships, maintaining satisfaction, and creating sustainable loyalty. This study uses a qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique to dig deeper into the CRM strategy implemented by Dearly Cake, the factors that influence its effectiveness, and the challenges faced in the implementation process. The results show that Dearly Cake successfully builds customer loyalty through effective communication, personalized service, and consistent product quality. However, challenges such as limited human resources and suboptimal customer data management hinder the maximum implementation of CRM. The study provides recommendations to enhance technology usage in customer data management and ongoing staff training to support more effective CRM implementation. It is expected that this study will provide insights for other businesses aiming to improve customer loyalty through effective CRM strategies.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF EARLY BREASTFEEDING INITIATION (IMD) TO POST PARTUM UTERINE INVOLUTION IN THE INDEPENDENT PRACTICE OF MIDWIVES (PMB) MARIYAH ULFAH EAST JAKARTA

Early breastfeeding initiation (IMD) is one of the factors that influence uterine involution. IMD can stimulate and release hormones, including the hormone oxytocin, which functions in addition to stimulating contraction of breast smooth muscles, also causes contraction and retraction of uterine muscles. This will compress the blood vessels resulting in reduced blood supply to the uterus. In women who choose to breastfeed their babies, the baby's suction will stimulate the release of oxytocin and help the uterus return to its normal shape. This study aims to determine the relationship of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) to uterine involution in post partum at PMB Mariyah Ulfah East Jakarta which was conducted in May-August 2024. The type of research used in this study is quantitative research. This study used a Cross Sectional approach. The sample technique used in this study was total sampling of 30 people. The research instruments used were metline and observation sheet. The results of this study identified that there was a difference in TFU reduction in mothers who did , Early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD) and those who did not do IMD, so there was a relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) to Uterine Involution during the nifaas period at PMB Mariyah Ulfah East Jakarta, where the p-value = 0.006 (0.006 &lt;0.05)