Sampling Technique Research Articles

Effect of Acupressure Techniques and Endorphin Massage on Back Pain Intensity in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women

Back pain in pregnancy is common, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. In the world of health, alternative methods are being created to reduce pain in mothers during pregnancy and childbirth. Endorphin massage is the best nonpharmacological therapy to deal with these problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure and endorphin massage techniques on the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. This type of research is a pre-experiment with one group pre-test post-test design. Samples were taken from a population that met the inclusion criteria of 20 pregnant women. The sampling technique used an accidental sampling technique. The research instrument used the SOP of acupressure and endorphin massage techniques and the Numeric Rating Scale pain observation sheet. The results showed that before acupressure and endorphin massage, almost half (45%) of all pregnant women experienced severe pain. After acupressure and endorphine massage, none of the respondents (0%) experienced severe pain. The results of the Dependent T-test with α = 0.05 obtained Asymp.Sig.=0.001, so the p-value <0.05 indicates the effect of acupressure and endorphin massage techniques on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women. The conclusion is that there is an effect of acupressure techniques and endorphin massage on the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. It is recommended that health workers improve their competence in the service of acupressure techniques and endorphine massage.

Entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable business model innovation through technology transfer. A study of SMEs leadership in knowledge-based economies

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the connections between knowledge-based economies, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), sustainable business model innovation and technology transfer (TT). This study specifically investigates whether TT might foster EO and long-term business model innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study focuses on economies that are knowledge-based, where information is viewed as a vital resource for economic growth. Design/methodology/approach This study uses structural equation modelling method and a quantitative research strategy to analyse data gathered from 309 SMEs in knowledge-based economies. A survey questionnaire created to examine the relevant factors was used to gather the sample data from PROLIFIC platform using judgemental sampling technique. Findings This study’s conclusions point to an association between TT and EO that is favourable, SMEs’ ability to use TT to strengthen their EO and the significance of EO in fostering innovation in SMEs. This study offers empirical proof of the role that TT may play in fostering innovation in sustainable business models and EO in SMEs. Research limitations/implications Policymakers, business professionals and academic researchers who are interested in the function of TT in knowledge-based economies will find it to be a helpful source of information. According to this study’s results, TT can assist SMEs in using outside expertise and assets to grow their entrepreneurial capacities, promote innovation and build long-term business strategies. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence of the role of TT in fostering innovation within sustainable business models and cultivating EO within SMEs, contributing to the literature on these critical topics.

The Influence of Environmental Factors on Firm Financial Performance

This article aims to empirically discuss the effect of environmental performance, environmental costs, and environmental disclosure on the Firm's financial performance. This study measures the Firm's financial performance by return on assets (ROA). We selected the research population as all manufacturing sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this study was all manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2023. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling, and 16 manufacturing sector companies met the requirements for research samples. This study used the SPSS version 29 application software as an analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that environmental performance does not affect financial performance. Environmental costs affect economic performance. Environmental disclosure does not affect financial performance. These results contribute to academics and practitioners because it turns out that corporate sacrifices in caring for the environment positively impact the Company.

The Effect of Discovery Learning Model Assisted by PhET Media on The Critical Thinking Ability of Class X High School Students

This study aims to determine the effect of the discovery learning model assisted by PhET media on Alternative Energy material on the critical thinking skills of class X high school students in Cirebon city of 2024/2025 year. This type of research is a kuasi experiment. The research sample was an experimental class of 34 students and control class of 32 students with purposive sampling technique. The instrument was a student critical thinking skills test with the form of essay questions and has been validated by experts. In addition, based on the results of statistical tests, the instrument was declared valid and reliable with a value of 0.676. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 87 and the control class posttest was 81. The prerequisite test results stated that the samples were normally distributed and homogeneous. In addition, an independent t-test was conducted with a result of 0.002. These results indicate that there is a significant effect of the discovery learning model assisted by PhET media on Alternative Energy material for X grade high school students.

Stress and Traditional Support: The Role of Orphans’ and Vulnerable Children’s Primary Caregivers in Rural Ethiopia

Background/Objectives: Orphans’ and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC) primary caregivers (PCGs) in Ethiopia live with multiple social and emotional problems stemming from extreme poverty, war, environmental disasters, and the HIV pandemic. Family and community supports are strained, leaving OVC’s PCGs dependent on inconsistent humanitarian aid. This aid is typically focused on OVCs and does not address PCG well-being. This study aimed to assess PCG well-being and explore their perceived stress and the traditional family and community coping mechanisms. Method: Participants from the Oromia region of Ethiopia were recruited, and a mixed-methods design was employed. Six cases were included using a criterion sampling technique. An explanatory data analysis technique was used, and data were triangulated from interviews, focus group discussions, archival information, and surveys. A 36-item Well-being Measuring Tool (WMT) Likert scale was employed to measure well-being domains. Result: The results indicated that none of the PCGs reported the desirable and average summative well-being domain mean scores [25 and 23]. Among the ten well-being domains, only “spirituality” and “community cohesion” were above the average score [2.3]. The “economy” domain had the lowest score, indicating a critical deficiency [1.3]. A lack of community support could exasperate perceived stress, and well-being deficiencies were linked. Conclusions: Lack of family and community support could exacerbate feeling overlooked, unwelcome, and lonely. A policy that promotes a supportive community environment and safeguards the most vulnerable OVCs and their PCGs should be in place. This study recommends further rigorous research examining the well-being determinants of OVCs’ PCGs in Ethiopia and the role of traditional support systems in rural settings.

Satisfaction Level of SSY Account Holders

SSA the small saving scheme has proved to be a relief to an extend for the parent’s/ guardians of the girl child. The policy of "Beti bachao, beti Padhao," which aims to strengthen the nation by eliminating prejudice against girl children and shattering outdated beliefs about the birth of a girl child in the family, has drawn increased attention since the SSA was introduced. This scheme is guaranteed to draw in more savers with its consistent and higher return rate. This program contributes to the nation's economic growth by elevating the status of girls and increasing their access to education. As a result, the Indian government must continue to take such actions to improve the lot of the underprivileged and marginalized groups in society as well as others like the jobless. They must take the required actions to live up to the public's expectations for these kinds of programs. The unit comprised parents of the girl child of Chavakkad thaluk of Thrissur district. The sample size taken for the survey was 40 SSY account holders. The sampling technique used in this research is Snowball Sampling. Snowball sampling is a non- probability sampling techniques which is used in reaching the samples that are difficult to find. The objective of the study has been accomplished with the help of primary data collected from 40 respondents. A Google Form was used to send the questionnaire and gather responses. The collected data has been analysed by using various statistical tools pie charts, column chart, weighted average mean and multiple regression..

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers to the Utilization of Optional Vaccines among Mothers of Children under Five Years of Age in Kheda District, Gujarat

Introduction: Vaccination is an effective and a reliable method to safeguard oneself from dangerous diseases before encountering them. Vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions in human history, significantly reducing the burden of infectious diseases and saving countless lives worldwide. Aim: To determine knowledge and attitude regarding optional vaccines and barriers to use among mothers of under five children in Kheda district. Methodology: The non-experimental Descriptive Survey Research design used for this study. The study was conducted on 384 mothers of under five children from selected areas of Kheda district by non-probability purposive sampling technique. For the data collection researcher has prepared and used knowledge questionnaire, Attitude scale and to assess the barrier checklist questionnaire. Result: 240 (63%) of mothers have low knowledge, 123 (32%) have moderate knowledge, and 21 (5%) have good knowledge regarding optional vaccination. When 1 (0.3%) mother have Unfavourable attitude, 275 (71.6%) have moderate attitude, and 108 (28.1%) have favourable attitude towards optional vaccination. The mean score of attitude is 8.7083. The Correlation-Coefficient (r) of knowledge and attitude is 0.76. Conclusion: The study highlights the disparity between knowledge and attitude regarding optional vaccination among mothers of under five children. Although the majority lack adequate knowledge, a considerable number still maintain a moderate attitude. This emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to improve understanding and promote positive attitudes toward optional vaccination.

ANALISIS PENGARUH RISIKO BANK TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK SYARIAH PERIODE 2020-2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of Bank risk on the profitability of Islamic Banks for the period 2020-2023. This research method uses a quantitative approach. The data collection method in this study uses the documentation method. The population used is all Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2020-2023 period with a total of 33 companies. The sampling technique in this study used probability sampling. The data used in this study are secondary data. The data source used is through the analysis of the financial statements of all companies that are the research sample with a period range of 2020-2023. The data analysis technique in this study used panel data regression analysis. The results of this study are that simultaneously all NPF, CAR, and BOPO variables can have a significant effect on ROA at Islamic banks in 2020-2023. Partially, the NPF and CAR variables do not have a significant effect on ROA growth at Islamic Banks in 2020-2023. Partially, the BOPO variable can have a significant negative effect on ROA growth at Islamic Banks in 2020-2023.

Volume 08 Issue 01 January 2025 Home January 2025 The Effect of Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Leadership on Innovative work Behavior Mediated by work Engagement in State Civil Apparatus at the Cooperative Service in West Sumatera

This study aims to analyze the effect of proactive personality and entrepreneurial leadership on innovative work behavior mediated by work engagement in state civil apparatus at the cooperative service in West Sumatera. The type of research uses explanatory research. While the research approach uses an explanatory survey that emphasizes quantitative research methods. The entire population Civil Service of the Cooperatives Department in West Sumatera totaling 664 people, with a sample size of 250 people. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling. Data analysis using Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The mediation testing strategy uses the path coefficient significance. The results of the study found proactive Personality has a positive and significant effect on work engagement. Proactive Personality has a positive and significant effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Work engagement has a positive and significant effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Entrepreneurial Leadership has a positive and significant effect on work engagement. Entrepreneurial Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Work engagement mediates the influence of Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior with the form of mediation is complementary mediation in the form of partial mediation

KAJIAN FRAUD HEXAGON DALAM MENDETEKSI FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BEI (2020-2022)

This study aims to determine the effect of fraud hexagon on fraudulent financial reporting. The sample of this study were 52 food and beverage sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020 - 2022. The sampling technique used was non-problability sampling technique using purposive sampling method and data testing was carried out using SPSS 25. The data analysis techniques used include descriptive statistical analysis, pooling test, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the total accrual ratio had a positive effect on fraudulent financial reporting, while financial targets, change in director, political connection, ineffective monitoring and CEO duality had no effect on fraudulent financial reporting.

PERAN GREEN VALUE PADA PENGARUH SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOUR YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY BELIEFS DAN SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY BELIEFS

This study aims to analyze the effect of Green Value on Sustainable Behaviour mediated by Environmental Sustainability Beliefs and Social Sustainability Beliefs. This research method uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and all circles of society. The sampling technique in this study was non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used in this research is a questionnaire. In measuring research data using Likert scale. The data analysis technique used in this research is using SMARTPLS. The results of this study are that Green Value has a positive and significant influence on Sustainable Behavior. Green Value has a positive and significant influence on Environmental Sustainability Beliefs. Green Value has a positive and significant influence on Social Sustainability Beliefs. Environmental Sustainability Beliefs have a positive and significant influence on Sustainable Behavior. Social Sustainability Beliefs do not have a positive and significant effect on Sustainable Behaviour. There is a significant effect of Green Value on Sustainable Behaviour mediated by Environmental Sustainability Beliefs. There is no significant effect of Green Value on Sustainable Behaviour mediated by Social Sustainability Beliefs.

Effects of Gas Flaring On Air and Groundwater Quality in Ebedei and Ashaka, Located in Ukwuani, Delta State, Nigeria

This research examines the effects of gas flaring on air and groundwater quality in Ebedei and Ashaka, located in Ukwuani, Delta State, Nigeria. Data on air pollutants, including sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), as well as groundwater quality parameters, were collected during both the wet and dry seasons through systematic sampling techniques. The findings indicate that levels of SO₂ and NO₂ exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), posing significant threats to air quality and public health. Conversely, CO₂ concentrations remained within acceptable ranges. Groundwater analysis revealed slightly acidic pH levels, elevated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and high concentrations of iron, lead, and phosphates, all surpassing WHO standards and pointing to contamination caused by industrial emissions and acid rain. Statistical analyses demonstrated strong links between SO₂ and NO₂ emissions and groundwater quality, highlighting their harmful effects. Seasonal differences in pollutant levels were minor, suggesting that human activities are the primary source of pollution. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stricter environmental policies, effective pollution control measures, and ongoing monitoring to protect local communities and ecosystems.

Exploration of Students' Interest Levels in Continuing their Education to Higher Education

This study aims to explore the level of interest of grade XII high school/vocational students in Pohuwato Regency to continue their education to higher education. The study used Rasch Model analysis to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument, unidimensionality, assessment scale, distribution of interest based on the Wright Map, and difference in item functionality (DIF). A total of 278 students from various schools were selected as respondents through the proportional random sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that the instruments used have high validity and reliability, both at the item and person levels. The unidimensionality test shows the measurement according to the intended construct. The Wright Map shows a diverse distribution of students' interests, with most being at moderate to high levels, with only a few students showing low and very low interest. DIF analysis shows that several question items have differential functionality based on the demographics of school origin so that it shows that there is a bias and in the future needs to be improved to improve the fairness of the instrument. This research contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure student interest and provides input for schools and policymakers to increase student support in continuing to higher education.

Kinesiophobia and associated factors among people with musculoskeletal disorders in Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

IntroductionKinesiophobia has a major health impact on patients with Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in their functional and physical activities, which leads to poor outcomes, loss of motivation, loss of mobility, and decreased quality of life. Despite the burden of kinesiophobia among MSDs, there is limited evidence about the burden of kinesiophobia in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and its associated factors of kinesiophobia among MSD patients attending physiotherapy outpatient clinics.MethodAn institutional multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2023 with a sample size of 424. A systematic random sampling technique and face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and chart review were used. The collected data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the potential candidates for multivariable logistic regression with a p-value less than 0.25. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed and variables at p < 0.05 with 95% CI were considered statistically significant contributors to kinesiophobia.ResultThe overall prevalence of kinesiophobia among MSD patients was 48.3% (95% CI, 43.3–53.3). Being overweight and obese BMI value (AOR = 3.98; 95% CI, 2.17–7.29), having moderate pain level (AOR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.51–7.26), having severe pain level (AOR = 9.29; 95% CI, 3.79–22.77), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.84–4.89), anxiety (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.57–4.19), and depression (AOR = 8.21; 95% CI = 3.47–19.46) were significantly associated with kinesiophobia among musculoskeletal disorder patients.Conclusionkinesiophobia is a public health burden among patients with MSDs. Nearly half of the people with MSDs had reported kinesiophobia. Being overweight and obese BMI value, pain severity level, physical inactivity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with kinesiophobia. Thus, we suggest screening for kinesiophobia, be physically active, avoiding being overweight and obese, and managing depression, anxiety and pain will help to reduce the occurrence of kinesiophobia.

PENGARUH PERCEIVED QUALITY, PERCEIVED VALUE, BRAND TRUST DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Pepsodent is a toothpaste where consumers will buy toothpaste repeatedly because it has good quality at an affordable price. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence brand loyalty and customer satisfaction such as perceived quality, perceived value, brand identification, brand trust and brand image. This research was conducted on 145 respondents in West Jakarta who had used Pepsodent by collecting questionnaire data online. Sampling in this research was by using purposive sampling technique. With the circulation of other toothpaste brands, it is recommended that companies maintain consumer satisfaction and trust in companies that produce good quality products. The results obtained show that there is a positive and significant influence between the variables perceived quality, perceived value, brand identification, brand trust and brand image on customer satisfaction, as well as the existence of a positive and significant influence between the variables perceived quality, perceived value, brand trust and brand image on customer satisfaction. brand loyalty. Apart from that, there are several results which state that there is no positive and significant influence, namely between brand identification and brand loyalty, and customer satisfaction does not have a significant effect as a mediation between perceived value and brand loyalty, then, customer satisfaction also does not have a significant effect as a mediation between brand identification of brand loyalty

Combinational Equivalence Checking on AIGs

Combinational Equivalence Checking (CEC) is a critical process in digital circuit design, ensuring that two versions of a circuit are functionally equivalent. Functionally Reduced And-Inverter Graphs (FRAIGs) are a data structure extensively used in CEC, representing Boolean functions as directed acyclic graphs with AND gates and inverters. The main advantage of FRAIGs is their ability to integrate structural hashing with functional reduction, allowing for the elimination of functionally equivalent nodes during graph construction. However, conventional FRAIG approaches face challenges with scalability in complex circuits. To overcome these limitations, we propose three novel methods: improved sampling techniques that refine random simulation and SAT-based methods for early identification of equivalent nodes; advanced graph partitioning strategies that enable parallel processing and localized equivalence checking to accelerate computation; and support node analysis combined with probability distribution modeling to reduce unnecessary checks. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed methods

Credit Access among Arable Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Implication for Agricultural Productivity Enhancement

The study assessed credit access among arable crop farmers in Ondo State. A three stage random sampling techniques used in selection of respondents. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The bulk of farmers were in the age range of 40-49, with a mean age of 40 years. There was a higher percentage of female farmers (55%) compared to male farmers (45%). Most respondents had household sizes of 4-6 members. A significant portion of farmers (80.8%) had applied for loans, primarily from Cooperative Societies. Challenges to credit access included lack of collateral, high interest rates, lengthy loan approval processes, limited access to credit, inadequate financial literacy, unclear loan requirements, insufficient loan amounts, lack of farmer support, and inflexible repayment terms. The coefficient for age is 0.007, which advocates that for each extra year of age, there was a positive increase in credit access. The negative t-value of -6.255 and the p-value of 0.000 of the sex indicate that this relationship was statistically significant. The negative t-value of -3.687 and the p-value of 0.000 for marital status indicates that this relationship was statistically significant at 5% level of probability. The result showed that education (p-value of 0.000) has significant relationship with credit access. Based on the findings, it is recommended that government should develop and implement educational programs to enhance financial literacy among farmers. Strengthen and support existing cooperative societies, as they emerged as a significant source of credit.

Prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among individuals aged 50 and above in Bangladesh

ObjectivesThis study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity among adults in community settings in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 individuals aged ≥ 50 years living in three districts of Bangladesh. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used. Data were collected through structured interviews covering individual-level, household-level, and community-level factors. The presence of multimorbidity was determined based on self-reporting of two or more known diagnoses of chronic conditions. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with multimorbidity.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity among individuals was around 39% (95% CI: 34.6–42.4), with hypertension (35%) being the most common condition. Being unemployed, having a smaller family size, and a lower monthly income were significantly associated with higher odds of multimorbidity, with odds ratios of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.02–3.10), 1.49 (95% CI: 1.04–2.13), and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.11–2.68), respectively.ConclusionsWe found a 39% prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in Bangladesh, having hypertension as the most prevalent condition. Our findings may help to emphasize the importance of providing awareness-building programs and increasing investment in healthcare services to provide services for decreasing multimorbity

Mediating role of fatigue driving in the influence of job demand and insecurity on safety incidents among bus drivers

BackgroundIn developing countries, driving long-distance buses presents substantial road-traffic challenges. These are intensified by demanding job conditions and job insecurity, potentially leading to increased safety incidents linked to driver fatigue. This study sought to investigate how driving fatigue mediates the relationship between job demands, job security, and safety incidents among long-distance bus drivers in Ghana.MethodsThis survey sampled 7315 long-distance commercial bus drivers using a convenient sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 4.FindingsBoth job demands and job security showed significant positive associations with safety incidents among the drivers. Driving fatigue produced a partial mediation effect of job demands and job security on safety incidents of the drivers. This highlights crucial link between job stressors and driving performance.ConclusionThe study indicates critical impact of job demands and job security on driving fatigue and subsequent safety incidents among bus these drivers in Ghana. Thus, addressing these stressors through targeted interventions, such as improved working conditions and fatigue management programmes, become essential for enhancing driver well-being and road safety in Ghana. Importantly, addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts among transport authorities, policymakers, and other industry stakeholders to enforce regulations and promote supportive work environments for the drivers.

Attribution theory of poverty and beliefs about charity in Malaysia: an inter-ethnic comparison

IntroductionMalaysia as an ethnically diverse country has a history of interethnic inequality and poverty which led to the development of different views about the existence of poverty. Among these ethnic groups, some sympathize with the poor and help them through different charity organizations. However, these charity organizations are mostly unaware of the target donors that can aid their charity funds. Therefore, this study explores the attitudinal differences regarding poverty among Malays, Chinese, and Indians and the demographic groups that can be targeted for donation and social policy development purposes.MethodologyA survey is conducted in Selangor, where the data through a questionnaire is extracted from the three ethnic groups. Through the quota sampling technique, a sample of 700 is derived. The results are analyzed through ANOVA, regression, and mediation analysis.ResultsThe results show that attitudinal differences between Malays and Chinese regarding structuralist beliefs could be observed. Moreover, among Malays, it is found that the relationship between gender, income, education, wealth, and structuralist beliefs is significantly mediated by beliefs about charity. On the other hand, mediation analysis for Chinese identifies gender, education, and income while among Indians gender, education, and wealth are identified as key demographic groups.DiscussionThis study highlights the role of attribution theory to identify the charity donors among the different ethnic groups which was overshadowed by the previous research in Malaysia. The results also hold significance for charity institutions to target the specified groups through their marketing campaigns. Also, based on these results government can reduce the misconception about the existence of poverty and to develop policies that encourage high income groups to support the poor.