Rejuvenation Techniques Research Articles

Optimized Calcium Hydroxylapatite Formulation and Its Injection Technique for Hand Rejuvenation: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Hand rejuvenation treatment is in high demand in cosmetic medicine. Radiesse, a commercially available formulation of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), is a safe, biocompatible, and provides long-lasting results. Objective: We sought to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of our formulation of Radiesse and its injection procedure. Methods: We treated the hands of 58 women, employing Radiesse diluted with lidocaine. The treatment was performed using a blunt cannula following the proximal-to-distal fanning technique at 2 entry points on the dorsum of the hands. The patients received 1-4 treatments over a follow-up period of up to 5 years. Results: The hands of 58 women were evaluated using the Merz Hand Grading Scale (MHGS) and treated with our CaHA formulation. After the first treatment, 55 women (94.8%) achieved a 1-point improvement, and 19 patients (32.8%) did not receive further treatments, being satisfied with the results. The remaining 39 women (67.2%) received 2-4 follow-up treatments. At the end of the treatment(s), 46 women (79%) achieved a final improvement of 1 point, and 12 women (21%) a final improvement of 2 points. Three minor adverse events were registered. Conclusions: Radiesse diluted with lidocaine is an excellent choice for hand rejuvenation. Our formulation and technique proved to be safe and efficient. In our experience, a blunt cannula should be employed for optimal vein correction. The treatment was highly satisfying, although planning a second treatment during the 1-month follow-up visit is recommended to best achieve long-lasting results.

TRATAMENTO ESTÉTICO COM RADIOFREQUÊNCIA NO REJUVENESCIMENTO FACIAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Aging is a natural, continuous, gradual phenomenon or process that manifests itself in a multifactorial and degenerative way in accordance with intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and these affect the entire human body, especially its largest organ, the skin. Aging in the facial region is due to the loss of elastin and collagen proteins, which support the physiological tissue and muscle functions of the skin. There are several aesthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation, among which Radiofrequency can be highlighted to treat sagging skin. Objective: To check the impacts of Radiofrequency as an aesthetic resource for the treatment of facial skin sagging with an emphasis on the rejuvenation process. Methods: it will be used based on the techniques and methods of bibliographic research, which consisted of collecting research sources using scientific platforms: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Libraries (BVS). Results: After detecting scientific data using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, reading titles and abstracts, 14 articles were requested, then the pre-selected publications were read in full, paying attention to the proposed theme, 11 were counted. articles for analysis and construction of the review. Conclusion: The studies carried out show that radiofrequency is established as an effective and safe technique for facial rejuvenation, providing significant beneficial results and showed that radiofrequency is a viable and promising alternative for treating signs of facial aging, contributing to the good -being and self-esteem of individuals.

New Ultherapy method: Utilizing novel surgical and anatomical concepts yields outstanding results.

Micro-focused ultrasound (MFU) is a technique for skin rejuvenation and lifting, targeting the facial SMAS-a fibrous network encompassing the platysma muscle and parotid fascia. This study aims to propose a novel and cost-effective method (suggested by Fatemi) for Ultherapy, comparing its effectiveness with the conventional approach. A prospective double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 30 female volunteers randomly assigned to two groups: The control group (conventional method) and the experimental group (new method). Ultherapy procedures utilized MFU technology with low energy and a higher frequency. Statistically significant differences in lifting effects and improvement in skin laxity were observed between the two groups. The new method, with a focus on the parotideal area of the SMAS, demonstrated superior outcomes and higher patient satisfaction. The parotideal region's accessibility, increased thickness, and safety profile make it an ideal target for Ultherapy. This not only reduces the risk of nerve injury but also yields effective collagen remodeling and skin-lifting results.

Full SMAS: Endoscopic-Assisted Full Facial Rejuvenation.

Every region of the face may bear the signs of aging. Treating isolated areas without adequate anatomical knowledge can lead to incomplete or artificial-looking results and decrease patient satisfaction. Here, we describe a technique for complete rejuvenation, coined the "Full SMAS" technique, by addressing the anatomical continuity of the SMAS-Platysma to the deep-plane suspension of the face. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of endoscopic techniques combined with traditional facelift and neck lift procedures. The evaluation is conducted on procedures treating from the frontal and temporal regions of the superior part of the face to its mid and lower parts, including the cervical region. The treatment of the three sub-SMAS layers of the face was performed using endoscopy for repositioning the frontal region and midface. This procedure involves frontal and zygomatic-masseter ligament release, open treatment of the lower subplatysmal section, and the complete release of the retaining ligaments of the face and approach to the jowl. One hundred sixty-one patients underwent the Full SMAS technique, leading to long-lasting results, low complication rates, and high patient satisfaction. The Full SMAS is a systematic technique that provides complete facial rejuvenation by combining an endoscopic approach for the temporal and midface regions with traditional open approaches for the lower face and neck. Treating the temporal and midface regions using minimally invasive techniques (endoscopy) reduces the possibility of permanent nerve injuries, provides smaller scars, and creates more natural, long-lasting results.

Anatomical perspectives of brow-lifting using threads: Clinical cases with techniques.

Tailoring surgical interventions to target age-related transformations is paramount. Many candidates seeking blepharoplasty commonly exhibit eyebrow ptosis, underscoring the necessity for surgeons to possess a comprehensive understanding of techniques for brow and forehead rejuvenation. Various surgical techniques are available for eyebrow and forehead enhancement, contrasting the standardized approaches in upper and lower blepharoplasty. Thread lifting has gained popularity for forehead lifting, although a more precise term would be eyebrow lifting. The thread lifting methods using V and I techniques with floating-type threads (Secret Line, Hyundai Meditech., Inc., Wonju-si, Republic of Korea) are used. The natural aging process often causes the forehead and eyebrows to sag under the influence of gravity, leading to the appearance of heavy eyelids. Elevating the eyebrows can mitigate droopiness, enhance vision clarity, and rejuvenate the facial aesthetic. While non-surgical methods like Botulinum Toxin A can weaken muscles and potentially aid in brow elevation, their visible effects may be somewhat constrained. Surgical methods encompass endoscopic forehead lift, eyebrow lift techniques, and scalp excision-based forehead reduction surgery, each with specific advantages and drawbacks. Thread lifting bridges the gap between surgical and non-surgical modalities. Forehead areas often lack subcutaneous fat, requiring precise anatomical understanding for effective thread lifting. Cannula usage with partial tunneling ensures efficacy even in patients with strong adhesions. Presented cases showcase successful eyebrow lifting using cog threads, illustrating immediate and gradual post-procedure changes. Eyebrow thread lifting demands periodic procedures, offering subtler improvements than surgery. Anatomical knowledge is crucial, and the technique presents discomfort. Effects last about 6 months, requiring re-treatment as effects regress. Thread lifting, a middle ground between surgical and non-surgical methods, can rejuvenate brows with less downtime.

The U-SMASectomy Facelift.

Manipulation of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) has become a mainstay of face lifting procedures. Traditionally, the various surgical approaches to the SMAS have been classified as either "low" or "high" SMAS techniques, the former of which, while expeditious, have been criticized for suboptimal upper midface rejuvenation. High SMAS techniques, by contrast, are lauded for their ability to improve upper midface contours, but may carry increased surgical risk, particularly in the hands of less experienced aesthetic surgeons. Presented is the U-SMASectomy facelift (USL)- an imbricating approach to the SMAS that builds upon well-described low SMAS techniques with the addition of a malar flap of mobile-only SMAS for orbitomalar rejuvenation. This novel, hybrid technique harnesses the advantages of traditional low and high SMAS techniques while mitigating surgical risk. Of 61 USLs performed, a minor complication rate of 16.4% was observed. No major complications were observed. Mean follow-up was 371 days. The USL is thus a safe and powerful facial rejuvenation technique for both beginning surgeons with advanced aesthetic training, and well-versed aesthetic surgeons alike.

Effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on improvement of nasolabial folds and marionette lines: A retrospective study.

The preference of beauty seekers for noninvasive, convenient, and long-lasting effective facial cosmetic techniques with minimal downtime and recovery time is obvious nowadays. As a part of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture has great advantages in solving these problems. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two distinct acupuncture techniques for facial rejuvenation in treating nasolabial folds (NFs) and marionette lines (MLs). One hundred beauty seekers who have received facial acupuncture cosmetic treatment in hospitals between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were selected randomly and inquired. Among them, 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅰ) have received a normal facial traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy, by inserting the needles perpendicularly into the acupoints. Meanwhile, another 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅱ) were treated by needle knives, which were inserted parallelly under the dermis and basically along the meridians of Chinese medicine linked by the acupoints. The records of pain evaluation and adverse events on cases, subjective satisfactions, and objective evaluations of efficacy were summarized and statistically analyzed. The efficacy of Group Ⅱ is better than Group Ⅰ. The dermatologists'assessments for NFand ML show significant differences between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ after one course. The mean value of subjective satisfaction also obeys the rules above. Although Group Ⅱ exhibited the highest value of mean pain intensity, the adverse events were basically mild. Furthermore, Group Ⅱ showed higher willingness for additional treatments. Only in terms of the wrinkle depth of NF and ML, the method of acupuncturing parallelly under the dermis by needle knife is safe and more successful.

Exploring Synergistic Effects of Bioprinted Extracellular Vesicles for Skin Regeneration.

Regenerative medicine represents a paradigm shift in healthcare, aiming to restore tissue and organ function through innovative therapeutic strategies. Among these, bioprinting and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising techniques for tissue rejuvenation. EVs are small lipid membrane particles secreted by cells, known for their role as potent mediators of intercellular communication through the exchange of proteins, genetic material, and other biological components. The integration of 3D bioprinting technology with EVs offers a novel approach to tissue engineering, enabling the precise deposition of EV-loaded bioinks to construct complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue architectures. Unlike traditional cell-based approaches, bioprinted EVs eliminate the need for live cells, thereby mitigating regulatory and financial obstacles associated with cell therapy. By leveraging the synergistic effects of EVs and bioprinting, researchers aim to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of skin regeneration while addressing current limitations in conventional treatments. This review explores the evolving landscape of bioprinted EVs as a transformative approach for skin regeneration. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and future directions in harnessing this innovative therapy for clinical applications, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and continued scientific inquiry to unlock its full therapeutic potential.

Different Dilutions of Mesobotox in Facial Rejuvenation: Which is Better?

BackgroundMicrobotulinum toxin A treatment is a technique of delivering multiple intradermal injections of diluted botulinum toxin type A into the dermis or the interface between the dermis and the superficial layer of the facial muscles to preserve the facial mobility. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effect of different dilutions of microbotulinum toxin A in periorbital and mid-facial rejuvenation.MethodsThis randomized prospective interventional study included 30 female patients with different types of wrinkles in periorbital and/or mid-face. Patients were divided into three groups: group I (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 5 ml saline, group II (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 7 ml saline and group III (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 10 ml saline.ResultsA statistically significant better global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores after 1 month were observed in group I compared to groups II and III. Also, after 6 months better GAIS scores were observed in group I compared to group II and in group II compared to group III. Assessment of different esthetic parameters measured by the Antera 3D camera revealed a statistically significant improvement in all parameters (periorbital and mid-face) in group I and in most of parameters (periorbital and mid-face) in groups II and III with more evident improvement after 1 month compared to after 6 months.ConclusionIntradermal microbotulinum toxin A is a cost-effective method for improving periorbital and mid-face wrinkles with a better effect of 1:5 than 1:7 and 1:10 dilutions.Facial wrinkles possess a great burden on patients' psychological status, and the emergence of novel rejuvenation technique with minimal side effects is necessary.MicroBoNT-A usage in the literature was through variety of dilutions and concentrations. Therefore, a conclusive and comparative study was essential to compare the effect of different microBoNT-A dilutions.In this context, the current study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effect of different dilutions of microBoNT-A in periorbital and mid-facial rejuvenation.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Systematic Review: Safety and Efficacy Comparison of Laser Therapy With And Other Resurfacing Technology

There is an increasing demand of almost all young and adult population for the noninvasive cosmetic procedures specially to enhance the facial appearance and the requirement has expanded all over the world. This review was designed to identify and summarize the literature/evidence from different types of research/clinical studies conducted in facial resurfacing methodologies. A systematic review was designed and conducted in relation to facial resurfacing and rejuvenating techniques using data from PubMed, MEDLINE Cochrane database and Scopus. Systematic review protocol guidelines were used for research questions, aim of the review and PICO breakdown, eligibility criteria and used search engine and extraction of data. A minimum of 17 clinical studies and reviews were identified including randomized clinical trials. Significant results have been obtained in some clinical trials about techniques of rejuvenation and some studies have elucidated contrasting evidence. In most of the work, ablative and non-ablative laser therapy had been compared and we found that some results were compatible, and others showed contrasting evidence. In conclusion, more high-quality randomized control clinical trials are needed to decide on better safety and effectiveness of ablative or non-ablative laser therapy vs conventional treatments.

Bio-graded recycling for hot asphalt mixtures with high RAP content considering freeze-thaw

This paper investigates the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the performance of asphalt mixtures containing 60% rejuvenated asphalt pavement (RAP). Two rejuvenation processes, traditional and bio-graded recycling, are compared regarding high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, dynamic stability, flexural tensile strength, split tensile strength, water stability, and fatigue performance after various freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicate that bio-graded rejuvenation, compared to traditional rejuvenation, effectively enhances the high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, water stability, and fatigue performance after freeze-thaw cycles. Both rejuvenations initially meet the dynamic stability requirements but show a decreasing trend with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, with traditional rejuvenation exhibiting more severe degradation. The flexural tensile strength initially exceeds that of conventional asphalt mixtures but decreases significantly with freeze-thaw cycles, especially in traditional rejuvenation. Additionally, freeze-thaw action increases the internal void ratio, affecting water stability and anti-freezing ability, particularly in traditional rejuvenated mixtures. These findings underscore the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on rejuvenated asphalt mixtures and emphasize the importance of innovative rejuvenation techniques for sustainable pavement.

Eyebrow Lift: Open-Book ROOF Transposition and Orbicularis-Frontalis Sliding Maneuver.

This article delves into innovative surgical techniques, the open-book ROOF (retro-orbicularis oculi fat) transposition technique (OBRoof) and the orbicularis-frontalis sliding maneuver (OFS), designed for eyebrow and upper eyelid rejuvenation in the aging process. Emphasis is placed on understanding the dynamic changes occurring within the forehead and eyebrow envelope's five layers and their intrinsic relationships as well as the impact of the ROOF ptosis causing upper eyelid hooding. The OBRoof technique is highlighted for its effectiveness in addressing ptotic volume, offering a rejuvenated appearance by relocating volume to the supraciliary region.In the OFS, we explore the concept of extensive dissection above the upper border of the eyebrow to allow for free repositioning of the eyebrow. The stabilization is based on deep-plane facelift concepts, as the orbicularis oculi muscle corresponds to the superficial muscular aponeurotic system, and it is anchored to the deep layers (periosteum) by passing through the frontal muscle.In summary, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of innovative and minimally invasive techniques for eyebrow and upper eyelid rejuvenation, shedding light on their anatomical foundations, procedural intricacies, and the potential for achieving natural and lasting outcomes.

Development and Standardization of an Adaptation Index to Assess the Climate Resilient Practices by Paddy Growers

India is prominently recognized as the foremost producer of paddy, cultivating this crop over 47.83 million hectares and generating 135.75 million tonnes of paddy, thus playing a substantial role in the worldwide paddy output. However, there is an anticipated decline in paddy production yields due to the projected effects of climate change, estimated to range from 10% to 30% by 2030. In recent times, adaptation to climate change has become a major concern to farmers, policy makers and researchers. Climate resilient rice production practices need to be enhanced at the farm level in order to aid rural residents in improving their household food security. Against this backdrop, the proposed research seeks to fill this crucial knowledge gap by developing and constructing adaptation index tailored specifically for paddy growers in India. Through a literature review and discussions with experts, we have identified indicators and sub-indicators using the indicator approach method. These indicators will help us understand how paddy growers are adapting to climate change and implementing climate resilient practices. The relevancy rating score was obtained from 30 experts in the concerned area. Based on the relevancy score, 8 indicators and 23 sub-indicators of 0.80 and above were considered for inclusion in the adaptation index. To compute the index values for each of the identified indicators, their relative importance in the adaptation practices was worked out by assignment of index values to indicators through Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the high factor loadings exceeded 0.5 of sub-indicators were considered and the findings revealed that disease and management had highest index value of 3.461, followed by methods of paddy establishment (2.195), crop rejuvenation techniques (2.10), altered planting dates (2.049), water saving and management techniques (1.987), nursery management (1.562), paddy varieties (1.342) and spacing (1.214).

A novel hybrid BonT-A and hyaluronic acid cannula-based technique for eyelid ptosis and periorbital rejuvenation.

Eyelid ptosis is characterized by an inferior displacement of the upper eyelid when the eye assumes its primary position. Besides its aesthetic implications, ptosis can also adversely affect visual acuity. This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous administration of IncobotulinumtoxinA (IncoBonTA) and hyaluronic acid effect in eyelid ptosis and ocular rejuvenation. A novel, non-surgical technique for eyelid ptosis management involving IncoBonTA and hyaluronic acid the co-administration within a single syringe, and applied using a cannula. The dual action of IncoBonTA and hyaluronic acid in conjunction with the exact injection sites approaches improves overall aesthetic outcomes but also optimizes the restoration of eyelid functionality in palpebral ptosis. The functional balance achieved among the contributory muscles-primarily the orbicularis oculi (OO) and its antagonists, the frontal muscle and levator palpebrae superioris (LPS), yields to both, cosmetic and functional.

Three Key Submuscular Points for Nonsurgical Rejuvenation of the Midface in Caucasian Patients: A Methodological Approach Using Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Fillers.

Since aesthetic medical treatments providing natural results are becoming increasingly popular, we developed an innovative hyaluronic acid infiltration technique for midface rejuvenation. In this prospective study, only patients with a negative or neutral lower eyelid vector were included. Treatment consisted in injecting three hyaluronic acid boluses at the cutaneous projections of the levator labii superioris, zygomatic major and minor muscles insertions. All patients were administered before treatment the FACE-Q questionnaire, whereas after treatment, they were administered the FACE-Q questionnaire and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). All treatments were documented with standardized photographs. A plastic surgeon from another Institution reviewed the photos and scored the treatments according to the GAIS scale. We included 567 patients (101 males and 466 females) who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 41 years, and mean follow-up time was four months. The FACE-Q scores after treatment were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in every domain investigated. The GAIS scores demonstrated significant improvement posttreatment in 89.8% of patients. An average of 1.5 ml of hyaluronic acid (VYC-20) was used for each zygomatic region. No major complications were reported; only 27 patients reported bruising, which resolved spontaneously. In all patients, there was an inversion of the lower eyelid vector, which had transitioned from neutral or negative to positive. Lifting the insertions of three selected muscles with hyaluronic acid allows a midface upward repositioning. This technique provides a reproducible and safe approach for midface rejuvenation through tissue repositioning rather than augmenting facial volume. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Suture Net Technique for Mid-face Superficial Fat Compartments Restoration.

Facial fold and groove formation is influenced by the ptosis of the superficial fat compartments in the mid-face region. This study aimed to design a facial rejuvenation technique that targets sagging of the mid-face fat compartments and achieves a youthful facial configuration. A total of 102 patients underwent suture net restoration. Each specific ptosis fat compartment was carefully lifted and held at the regional facial ligaments to effectively restore volume distribution. Patient outcomes were evaluated through preoperative and postoperative photography comparison, 3-D photographic analysis, and postoperative evaluations. Significant mid-cheek rejuvenation was observed. The procedure resulted in a remarkable, 10.89% increase in malar projection. The nasolabial fold improved by at least 1 grade in 61.43% of the patients and by at least 2 grades in 37.14%. A total of 87.65% of the patients expressed high satisfaction or satisfaction with the outcomes of the procedure. By specifically targeting the mid-face ptosis fat compartments, the technique demonstrated significant enhancements of both the nasolabial fold and the malar projection. The results indicate that this novel technique holds promise as an efficient approach for satisfactorily addressing facial aging concerns.

Combining Liposuction and Thread-Lifting for Middle-Lower Facial Rejuvenation.

Thread-lifting (TL) is a minimally-invasive technique for facial rejuvenation, whereas liposuction is commonly used for facial contouring. This retrospective cohort study aims to introduce and evaluate a novel technique that combines liposuction and thread-lifting for mid-lower facial rejuvenation. Consecutive patients who underwent TL for mid-lower facial rejuvenation from May 2016 to May 2021 were divided into thread-lifting group (TL group) or thread-lifting plus liposuction group (TLL group) according to whether liposuction was performed adjunctively. The co-primary outcomes were the changes between the preoperative and 6-month postoperative Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and Facial Aging Evaluation Scale (FAES). A total of 185 patients (184 females) with an average age of 34.5±5.5 years were included. There were no significant differences in patients' age, number of threads, and preoperative WSRS and FAES between the two groups. The TLL group (n = 128) had significantly lower postoperative WSRS (1.5±0.6 vs. 1.8±0.8, p<0.001) and FAES (2.5±1.4 vs. 3.8±2.1, p<0.001) than the TL group (n = 57). The decrease in WSRS (0.8±0.6 vs. 0.2±0.7, p<0.001) and FAES (2.7±1.3 vs. 1.6±1.6, p<0.001) were greater in the TLL group. Only 3.8% patients experienced slight side effects and totally recovered. The combination of TL and liposuction is an effective and safe technique for simultaneous contour improvement and facial rejuvenation in middle-aged East Asian females. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266 .

Comparison the Effect of Fractional RF Laser with Microneedling on Facial Skin Rejuvenation, Open Pores and Skin Lightening: A Non-Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Effective skin rejuvenation treatments with RF technologies exist, with potential for personalized combination therapies based on individual factors. We compared microneedling and fractional RF laser effectiveness in rejuvenation, pore healing, and skin lightening. The research was a non-randomized clinical trial study conducted in 2021 at Ilam Skin Clinic, Ilam, western Iran on people applying for rejuvenation, skin lightening and improvement of open pores. People were voluntarily divided into two groups based on personal preferences (group A: microneedling, 25 people, group B: fractional RF, 25 people). After data collection, SPSS22 software was used for data analysis. The study revealed significant differences in the rates of low, moderate, and severe pain between the microneedling and fractional groups (10 vs. 16, 14 vs. 4, 1 vs. 5, respectively). Erythema showed no significant difference, with low, moderate, and severe cases reported in both groups. Swelling was lower in the microneedling group, but the difference was not significant. Bruising was similar in both groups, and staining was minimal. No herpes or infections were reported. The microneedling group showed better improvement in skin pores and skin lightening compared to the fractional group, with outcomes rated as good and excellent. Microneedling surpassed the fractional group in skin rejuvenation, lightening, and improved pores. Considering RF lasers are approximately three times more expensive than microneedling, the research indicates that choosing microneedling is not only more cost-effective but also a superior rejuvenation technique.

Zespół wiotkiej powieki z perspektywy lekarza okulisty – wybrane aspekty

Aging changes in the periorbital region may include the development of excess eyelid skin, hernation of orbital fat, descent of the eyebrows. These changes affect the limitation of the field of vision and the aesthetics of this area. Blepharoplasty is a popular technique for eyelid rejuvenation. Autor discus blepharoplasty role in periorbital rejuvenation, restoring the function of the eyelids, provide some information about patient selection, surgical technique and complication of surgery. Autor present methods of skin removal, treatment of the orbicularis oculi muscle and palpebral fat in order to obtain a good functional and aesthetic effect.

Plastyka powiek górnych. Wskazania i technika

Aging changes in the periorbital region may include the development of excess eyelid skin, hernation of orbital fat, descent of the eyebrows. These changes affect the limitation of the field of vision and the aesthetics of this area. Blepharoplasty is a popular technique for eyelid rejuvenation. Autor discus blepharoplasty role in periorbital rejuvenation, restoring the function of the eyelids, provide some information about patient selection, surgical technique and complication of surgery. Autor present methods of skin removal, treatment of the orbicularis oculi muscle and palpebral fat in order to obtain a good functional and aesthetic effect.