Preservation Techniques Research Articles

Narrowing the Nasal Roof with Paramedial Osteotomy in Preservation Rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is frequently performed in aesthetic and plastic surgery, with hump deformity being common in Western populations. Osteotomies play a crucial role in managing this, especially for dorsal hump reduction in closed rhinoplasty. Despite advancements, treatments for simultaneous nasal hump deformity and wide nasal roof are inadequate in preservation rhinoplasty. This study introduces a technique merging push-down and let-down methods with paramedial osteotomy for these cases. A retrospective review was conducted on patients undergoing push-down or let-down rhinoplasty, identifying 68 individuals (51 females and 17 males) with both nasal hump deformity and wide nasal roof. They were evaluated using the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation questionnaire before surgery and 1-year post-operation. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 24months, with significant improvement in patient satisfaction. The median Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation score rose from 48.5 pre-surgery to 91.5 post-surgery (p < 0.001), indicating remarkable patient satisfaction in 97.3% of cases. This research is to demonstrate narrowing the nasal roof in patients who had nasal hump deformity and wide nasal roof with a combination of dorsal preservation techniques and osteotomy. Surgeons experienced in push-down or let-down techniques can apply this combination technique to obtain better aesthetic outcomes in patients with a wide nasal roof. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Hurdle Concept and The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria

The hurdle idea is a food preservation technique that includes building up a number of barriers to prevent microbes from growing and prolong the shelf life of perishable goods. The idea of using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are essential for food preservation, is one that is significant. Through a variety of processes, including fermentation, competitive exclusion, metabolite generation, biofilm formation, nutritional competition, and metabolic activity, LAB support the hurdle concept. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ferment glucose to produce lactic acid, which results in an acidic environment that prevents infections and spoiling germs from growing. Additionally, LAB generates antimicrobial substances such as hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, and bacteriocins, which work by competitively excluding harmful germs from growing. Furthermore, metabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such acetic acid, diacetyl, and carbon dioxide enhance the flavor of fermented foods and serve as organic preservatives. Moreover, LAB have the ability to create biofilms that shield them from antimicrobial agents and environmental stressors, increasing their survival and persistence in food matrices. By means of nutritional competition, LAB outcompetes pathogenic or spoilage bacteria in the consumption of available resources, hence restricting their growth. In addition, LAB produces enzymes and antibacterial substances, among other metabolic activities that further impede the growth of infections.

Revisiting the external urethral sphincter: new anatomical insights from a human cadaver study.

The external urethral sphincter (EUS) is critical for urinary continence, but its complex anatomy is not fully understood, complicating its preservation during prostate surgeries. This study aims to elucidate the anatomy and development of the EUS to enhance surgical techniques for continence preservation. The study consisted of a postmortem examination of three male cadavers, aged 52, 64, and 60, with intact urogenital systems. Specimens including the prostate and EUS were dissected, fixed in formalin, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for microscopic analysis. Histological assessments focused on the muscle composition and structure of the EUS and prostate. Macroscopic examination revealed symmetrical prostates without pathologies. Histologically, the anterior prostate lacked tubuloalveolar glands, showing striated muscle fibers from the external urethral sphincter extending into the prostate and prostatic urethra. Reduced glandular structure and prevalent smooth muscle were noted. This intricate integration of striated muscle fibers at the EUS-prostate interface underscores the anatomical complexity vital for surgical preservation of urinary continence. Our study reveals a complex EUS-prostate relationship, challenging the view of the EUS as merely a circular muscle. The findings demonstrate the importance of the EUS's extension into the prostate for urethral stabilization and continence. Recognizing this anatomy is crucial for maintaining urinary continence in prostate surgeries and enhancing postoperative outcomes.

Preventing Fungal Spoilage from Raw Materials to Final Product: Innovative Preservation Techniques for Fruit Fillings.

Spoilage fungi are a significant cause of financial loss in the food and beverage industry each year. These fungi thrive in challenging environments characterized by low acidity, low water activity and high sugar content, all of which are common in fruit fillings used in pastry products. Fruit fillings are therefore highly susceptible to fungal spoilage. Fungal growth can cause sensory defects in foods, such as changes in appearance, odor, flavor or texture, and can pose health risks due to the production of mycotoxins by certain mold species. To reduce food loss and waste and extend product shelf-life, it is critical that we prevent fungal spoilage. Synthetic chemicals such as sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are commonly used as preservatives to prevent fungal spoilage. However, with consumer demand for 'natural' and 'chemical-free' foods, research into clean-label preservative alternatives to replace chemical preservatives has increased. The objectives of this review are (i) to provide an overview of the sources of fungal contamination in fruit filling production systems, from pre-harvest of raw materials to storage of the final product, and to identify key control factors; and (ii) to discuss preservation techniques (both conventional and novel) that can prevent fungal growth and extend the shelf-life of fruit fillings.

Middle Vault Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty as "Push-up" Preservation Technique or as "Modified Dorsal Split Extended Push-up" Procedure.

Primary or secondary dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty addresses aesthetic and functional issues related to a deficient, under-projected, or depressed nasal dorsum, frequently in middle vault. Traditional treatments often involve costal cartilage grafts, which can result in palpable irregularities and additional morbidity. Implementing dorsal preservation techniques in selected patients may improve predictability and outcomes of dorsal augmentation. We conducted a case series involving 12 patients with saddle nose deformities and significant nasal function impairment. All patients underwent either "push-up" preservation technique or "modified dorsal split extended push-up" technique. The techniques were evaluated for feasibility, safety, and efficacy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale preoperatively and three months postoperatively. Eight patients underwent "push-up" technique, and four patients required "dorsal split extended push-up" technique due to extensive scarring and mucosal adhesions from previous surgeries. All patients demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in nasal function as indicated by a reduction in NOSE scores (p < 0.05). Aesthetic outcomes showed a naturally augmented and smooth dorsum with no palpable irregularities. Patient satisfaction was rated very high (9 or 10 out of 10) in 10 patients and high (7 or 8 out of 10) in 2 patients. Follow-up was 6months. "Push-up" preservation technique and its extended variant provide a new surgical alternative for primary and secondary rhinoplasty with costal cartilage. These techniques offer improved and highly predictable aesthetic outcomes of the nasal dorsum with decreased morbidity, demonstrating significant potential for clinical practice and future research. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Herbarium specimens as tools for exploring the evolution of fatty acid-derived natural products in plants.

Plants synthesize natural products via lineage-specific offshoots of their core metabolic pathways, including fatty acid synthesis. Recent studies have shed light on new fatty acid-derived natural products and their biosynthetic pathways in disparate plant species. Inspired by this progress, we set out to develop tools for exploring the evolution of fatty-acid derived products. We sampled multiple species from all major clades of euphyllophytes, including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (monocots and eudicots), and we show that the compositional profiles (though not necessarily the total amounts) of fatty-acid derived surface waxes from preserved plant specimens are consistent with those obtained from freshly collected tissue in a semi-quantitative and sometimes quantitative manner. We then sampled herbarium specimens representing 57 monocot species to assess the phylogenetic distribution and evolution, of two fatty acid-derived natural products found in that clade: beta-diketones and alkylresorcinols. These chemical data, combined with analyses of 26 monocot genomes, revealed a co-occurrence (though not necessarily a causal relationship) between whole genome duplication and the evolution of diketone synthases from an ancestral alkylresorcinol synthase-like polyketide synthase. Limitations of using herbarium specimen wax profiles as proxies for those of fresh tissue seem likely to include effects from loss of epicuticular wax crystals, effects from preservation techniques, and variation in wax chemical profiles due to genotype or environment. Nevertheless, this work reinforces the widespread utility of herbarium specimens for studying leaf surface waxes (and possibly other chemical classes) and reveals some of the evolutionary history of fatty acid-derived natural products within monocots.

Lipidomics unveils changes in oxidised lipids in human breast milk by high‐pressure processing

SummaryHuman breast milk is a complex fluid rich in bioactive molecules crucial for infant growth and development. Global health organisations recommend exclusive breastfeeding to optimise infant health. In cases where maternal milk is unavailable, donor breast milk from human milk banks (HMBs) serves as an essential alternative. Currently, human breast milk preservation relies on Holder pasteurisation (HoP), which, while effective at pathogen inactivation, can compromise breast milk's nutritional and biological properties. High‐pressure processing (HPP) is an alternative pasteurisation method that utilises high pressure to kill pathogens without degrading nutrition. This study examined HPP's impact on donor breast milk lipids, sugars and antioxidants. Metabolomics reveals diverse bioactive compounds, including lipids, polyphenols and polyketides, elucidating breast milk's complexity. Some lipid subclasses respond to HPP; ceramides decreased under both treatments, while fatty aldehydes and esters increased under specific HPP conditions. Additionally, we quantified oxidised lipids, notably dietary oxysterols (DOxS), known for pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory properties. These findings enhance understanding of HPP targeted approaches and breast milk's complexity, contributing to innovative milk preservation techniques that could advance specialised infant nutrition and assist donor milk banking systems.

Effects of ultrasound with slightly acid electrolytic water on storage of sweet potato: Physiological, nutritional, sensory and microstructural characteristics

Effects of ultrasound (US, 300, 400 and 500 W) combined with slightly acid electrolytic water (SAEW) at 25, 40 and 55 °C on physiological, nutritional, sensory and microstructural characteristics of sweet potato tuberous roots (TRs, Pushu 32) during 10, 30 and 60 d of storage were investigated, to explore a potential postharvest preservation technique for TRs. Sweet potato TRs by US500+SAEW50 exhibited the strongest PAL activity (10.63 U g−1) at 30 d of storage and SOD activity (83,707.42 U g−1) at 60 d of storage, suggesting the activation of strong defense system. Sweet potato TRs by US500+SAEW50 also showed integral cell walls, and presented the highest sensory acceptability (73.45). In addition, rotting rate of the TRs treated by US500+SAEW50 was reduced by 55% after 6 months of storage as compared to the untreated TRs in industrial application. Therefore, US500+SAEW50 could be a promising postharvest preservation technique for sweet potato TRs.

Extension of chicken fillets shelf life using genetically improved probiotic strain and chitosan

Fresh poultry meat products are perishable and need to be protected from spoilage. New or modified preservation techniques are needed to overcome the limitations of the traditional techniques. Therefore, six different coating solutions were evaluated to extend the shelf life of chicken fillets under refrigeration condition. The novel chitosan-based mix (T6) containing a bacteriocins-hyperproducer fusant, EDTA and sodium acetate was the treatment of choice since it improved film properties such as the reduction of water vapor permeability and the enhancement of the antimicrobial effect. Coating chicken fillets with the T6 mix resulted in improving both of the quality and shelf life of fillets. T6 recorded the lowest TBA value (1.25) compared to 4.77 mg malondialdehyde Kg−1 of the control at the end of the cold storage. Also, it extended the microbial shelf life up to 35 days by extending both of the lag phase and generation time of spoilage microorganisms by 6 days and 44.31 h, respectively. At the same time, T6 samples exhibited the highest sensory scores. It is strongly believed that such novel preservation system could be easily applied to extend the shelf life of many of the fresh foods since it was successfully applied to extend the shelf life of fresh chicken fillets by more than 31 days compared to control with high quality.

In-depth analysis of transcriptomes in ovarian cortical follicles from children and adults reveals interfollicular heterogeneity

The ovarian cortical reserve of follicles is vital for fertility. Some medical treatments are toxic to follicles, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an established method to preserve fertility in adults and even applied in prepuberty despite unproven efficacy. Here, we analyze transcriptomes of 120 cortical follicles from children and adults for detailed comparison. We discover heterogeneity with two main types of follicles in both age groups: one with expected oocyte-granulosa profiles and another with predicted role in signaling. Transcriptional changes during growth to the secondary stage are similar overall in children and adults, but variations related to extracellular matrix, theca cells, and miRNA profiles are found. Notably, cyclophosphamide dose correlates with interferon signaling in child follicles. Additionally, morphology alone is insufficient for follicle categorization suggesting a need for additional markers. Marker genes for early follicle activation are determined. These findings will help refine follicular classification and fertility preservation techniques across critical ages.

From Waste to Wealth: Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Wine By-Products-A Review.

The present paper explores the biological potential of bioactive compounds present in wine industry wastes, highlighting their valorization to promote sustainability and circular economy. Wine by-products, such as grape pomace and vine shoots, contain a high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and other phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Both conventional extraction methods, such as solid-liquid extraction, and emerging technologies, including enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction, and deep natural solvent-assisted extraction (NaDES), are discussed. In addition, the preservation of polyphenolic extracts by microencapsulation, a key technique to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, is addressed. The combination of advanced extraction methods and innovative preservation techniques offers a promising perspective for the valorization of bioactive compounds from wine residues, driving sustainability and innovation in the industry.

Mechanisms of slow-release antibacterial properties in chitosan‑titanium dioxide stabilized perilla essential oil Pickering emulsions: Focusing on oil-water interfacial behaviors

Perilla essential oil (PLEO) offers benefits for food preservation and healthcare, yet its instability restricts its applications. In this study, chitosan (CS) and TiO2 used to prepare composite particles. TiO2, after being modified with sodium laurate (SL), was successfully introduced at 0.1 %–3 % into the CS matrix. The resulting CS-SL-TiO2 composite particles can be formed by intertwining and rearranging through intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, and form an O/W interface with stability and viscoelasticity. The Pickering emulsions stabilized by these particles exhibit non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, shear-thinning properties, and slow-release characteristics, along with antibacterial activity. Emulsions with 0.5 % and 1 % CS-SL-TiO2 composites demonstrated superior antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study revealed that all emulsions undergo Fickian diffusion and a sustained release of PLEO, with the Ritger-Peppas model best describing this release mechanism. The slow-release behaviors positively correlates with interfacial pressure, composite particle size, composite particle potential, composite contact angle, emulsion particle size and emulsion potential, but negatively correlates with diffusion rate, penetration rate, release kinetics and release rate. The findings lay groundwork for developing slow-release antimicrobial emulsions within polysaccharide matrices, showcasing promise for antimicrobial packaging solutions and enhanced food preservation techniques.

Employing Cryptographic Techniques for Data Security and Privacy Preservation

Employing Cryptographic Techniques for Data Security and Privacy Preservation

Implementing Privacy Preserving Techniques in Distributed Big Data Framework on Cloud Computing

Cloud-based deployment architectures have emerged as the preferred model for Big Data operations due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, this shift raises new security concerns as data is no longer directly under the user's control. Securing Big Data in cloud environments is crucial for widespread adoption, but developing a comprehensive security plan is challenging without a thorough analysis of potential vulnerabilities.To address this, a novel security-by-design framework for Big Data deployment on cloud computing, termed Big Cloud, is proposed in this article. The framework leverages systematic security analysis methodologies and automated assessment tools to map domain-specific security knowledge to design best practices. Validation of the framework was conducted through an Apache Hadoop stack use case, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing security awareness and reducing design time.The study also evaluates the framework's strengths and limitations, identifying key challenges in the Big Cloud domain.

Enhancing frozen chicken meat quality by isochoric storage as compared with conventional frozen storage

Isochoric freezing is an emerging technique for preserving food at subfreezing temperatures under moderately high pressure. This study investigated the impact of isochoric frozen storage (IFS) of chicken breast for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days using 2.5% NaCl solution at −4 °C on qualities including physicochemical and microbial attributes, as compared with samples under conventional frozen storage (CFS) at the same temperature. Results showed IFS samples exhibited slight enhancements in various quality parameters, including pH, protein solubility, TBARS, drip loss, shear force, yellowness, cooking loss, and a slow decreasing rate in lightness, redness, Ca2+-ATPase activity, total viable count, and TVB-N, while substantial changes occurred in CFS samples for all quality parameters. This suggests that the impact of high pressure in isochoric freezing would be advantageous in terms of microbial destruction and enzymatic inhibition, potentially offering better long-term preservation techniques for the industry.

Advancement and Innovations in Drying of Biopharmaceuticals, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods

AbstractDrying is a crucial unit operation within the functional foods and biopharmaceutical industries, acting as a fundamental preservation technique and a mechanism to maintain these products' bioactive components and nutritional values. The heat-sensitive bioactive components, which carry critical quality attributes, necessitate a meticulous selection of drying methods and conditions backed by robust research. In this review, we investigate challenges associated with drying these heat-sensitive materials and examine the impact of various drying methods. Our thorough research extensively covers ten notable drying methods: heat pump drying, freeze-drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, superheated steam drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, osmotic drying, vacuum drying, and supercritical fluid drying. Each method is tailored to address the requirements of specific functional foods and biopharmaceuticals and provides a comprehensive account of each technique's inherent advantages and potential limitations. Further, the review ventures into the exploration of combined hybrid drying techniques and smart drying technologies with industry 4.0 tools such as automation, AI, machine learning, IoT, and cyber-physical systems. These innovative methods are designed to enhance product performance and elevate the quality of the final product in the drying of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals. Through a thorough survey of the drying landscape, this review illuminates the intricacies of these operations and underscores their pivotal role in functional foods and biopharmaceutical production.

Processing, Uses and Constraints to Edible Insect Consumption in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Insects have played an important role in the history of human nutrition, especially as important sources of high protein. This study investigates the processing, uses and constraints to edible insect consumption in Ekiti State. The study area was stratified based on ecological zones into; tropical rainforest and derived savanna. Four local government areas were selected from each ecological zone, and two villages were selected from each LGA. Structured questionnaires were administered to twenty (20) respondents in each of the eight selected villages. Field observations revealed that the majority of the respondents were female (65%), with (48%) of them above 30 years and (41%) of the respondents were farmers. The result revealed that six (6) insects were consumed by the respondents in the study area, with Marcrotermes nigeriensis (31%) being the most consumed insect, followed by Rhynchophorus phoenicis (22%), Cirina forda (20%), while Gryllotalpa africana (6%) was the least consumed insect. The result on the functional values of edible insects revealed that (32%) of the respondents stated that edible insects are rich in protein, while (25%) consume insects as meat for a cheaper alternative source of protein. Another (18%) stated that edible insects are medicinal. The result shows that the commonly used processing method by the respondents is roasting (44%). Lack of knowledge of the nutritional values and seasonal availability were the major challenges against the consumption of edible insects in the study area. The study recommends creating public awareness about the health and nutritional benefits of these edible insects, alongside adopting improved processing and preservation techniques.

A Review on Traditional and Artificial Intelligence-Based Preservation Techniques for Oil Painting Artworks.

Oil paintings represent significant cultural heritage, as they embody human creativity and historical narratives. The preservation of these invaluable artifacts requires effective maintenance practices to ensure their longevity and integrity. Despite their inherent durability, oil paintings are susceptible to mechanical damage and chemical deterioration, necessitating rigorous conservation efforts. Traditional preservation techniques that have been developed over centuries involve surface treatment, structural stabilization, and gel-based cleaning to maintain both the integrity and aesthetic appeal of these artworks. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-powered predictive maintenance techniques offer innovative solutions to predict and prevent deterioration. By integrating image analysis and environmental monitoring, AI-based models provide valuable insights into painting preservation. This review comprehensively analyzes traditional and AI-based techniques for oil painting maintenance, highlighting the importance of adopting innovative approaches. By integrating traditional expertise with AI technology, conservators can enhance their capacity to maintain and preserve these cultural treasures for future generations.

Healing patterns of alveolar bone following ridge preservation procedures.

Examine the histomorphometric bone composition, following alveolar ridge preservation techniques and unassisted socket healing. Forty-two patients (42) requiring a single rooted tooth extraction were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 14 per group): Group 1: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a porcine collagen membrane; Group 2: Socket Seal (SS) technique using DBBM and a porcine collagen matrix; Group 3: Unassisted socket healing (Control). Trephined bone biopsies were harvested following a 4-month healing period. Forty-two samples underwent Back-Scattered Electrons -Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM) imaging, with 15 samples examined using Xray Micro-Tomography (XMT) (n = 6 for each GBR/SS and n = 3 Control). Images were analysed to determine the percentage (%) of connective tissue, new bone formation, residual DBBM particles and direct bone to DBBM particle contact (osseointegration). BSE-SEM analysis demonstrated that new bone formation was higher in the Control (45.89% ± 11.48) compared to both GBR (22.12% ± 12.7/p < .004) and SS (27.62% ± 17.76/p < .005) groups. The connective tissue percentage in GBR (49.72% ± 9), SS (47.81% ± 12.57) and Control (47.81% ± 12.57) groups was similar. GBR (28.17% ± 16.64) and SS (24.37% ± 18.61) groups had similar levels of residual DBBM particles. XMT volumetric analysis indicated a lower level of bone and DBBM particles in all test groups, when matched to the BSE-SEM area measurements. Osseointegration levels (DBBM graft and bone) were recorded at 35.66% (± 9.8) for GBR and 31.18% (± 19.38) for SS. GBR and SS ARP techniques presented with less bone formation when compared to unassisted healing. GBR had more direct contact/osseointegration between the DBBM particles and newly formed bone.

Research progress on the effects of postharvest storage methods on melon quality

Background As an important global agricultural cash crop, melon has a long history of cultivation and a wide planting area. The physiological metabolism of melon after harvest is relatively strong; if not properly stored, melon is easily invaded by external pathogens during transportation, resulting in economic losses and greatly limiting its production, development and market supply. Therefore, the storage and freshness of melon are the main challenges in realizing the annual supply of melon, so postharvest storage has received increasing amounts of attention from researchers. Methods This study used academic, PubMed, and Web of Science resources to retrieve keywords related to postharvest storage and melon quality; read, refined, classified, and sorted the retrieved literature; sorted and summarized the relevant research results; and finally completed this article. Results This article reviews the mechanism and effects of physical, chemical and biological preservation techniques on the sensory quality, compound contents and respiratory physiological activities of different varieties of melon fruits. When maintaining normal metabolism and not producing physiological disorders, melon inhibits cell wall metabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolism and the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, etc., to the greatest extent during postharvest storage, thereby reducing the material consumption of fruits, delaying the ripening and senescence process, and prolonging the postharvest life and shelf life. Conclusion The literature provides a theoretical basis for postharvest preservation technology in the melon industry in the future and provides corresponding guidance for the development of the melon industry.