Digital Watermarking Technique Research Articles

An Authentication Method for Digital Audio using Wavelet Transform and Fundamental Frequencies

Several digital watermarking techniques for audio files have been proposed for hiding data for protecting their copyrights. There is a tradeoff between the quality of watermarked audio and the tolerance of watermarks to signal processing methods, such as compression. To overcome the inevitable tradeoff, we previously developed an authentication method for digital audio. We have improved the method by determining the region to be authenticated in the audio data by making effective use of the fundamental frequency characteristics.

Efficient Security Base d Video Watermarking Technique u sing Chaotic Encryption with Discrete Cosine Transform

In this paper, a novel chaotic encryption-based blind digital video watermarking technique (DVWT) is presented for grayscale and color images. This method makes use of Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) prior to embed the watermark in the hosting video. The hosting video is split into frames of 8*8 nonoverlapping blocks before employing DCT, and watermark bit is implanted by altering the variations among the nearby DCT coefficients of neighboring blocks. Arnold transform is applied for chaotic encryption to offer extra security to the watermark. A set of three versions of the proposed model has been applied and the results are investigated. The experimental outcome confirms that the DCT-VWT is efficient on different image processing functions such as JPEG compression, sharpening, cropping, and median filtering. The comparative analysis ensures that the presented DCT for digital video watermarking technique (DCT-DVWT) is efficient under subjective as well as objective way.

Bit Plane Slicing based Digital Watermarking Technique in DWT Domain

Authenticity of image and its copyright protection are one of the essential application of watermarking. In this paper, a hybrid technique for watermarking in DWT domain is presented for its application in the field of providing authentication to images. In this work binary image is used as watermark and is embedded in the 'host image'. Before embedding the watermark in the host, the host image is splitted into 8 bit planes using bit plane slicing. Followed that DWT is applied to the least significant bit plane which partitions the respective plane into low frequency (LL subband) and high frequency (HH, HL and LH subbands). The SVD is applied to HH subband of least significant bit plane and watermark is embedded on the singular matrix part of SVD. To analyse the robustness of the scheme proposed in this paper, watermarked image is attacked by different image processing attacks. Original watermark and extracted watermark is compared on the scale of normalized correlation to measure the robustness of the scheme against various attacks.

Improving Robustness of Digital Video Watermarking Scheme through Random Frame Selection Algorithm

Recently, research on digital video watermarking techniques either to permit or deny the use of copyright service has acquired much attention. A video is a sequence of inter-connected frames, thus embedding the watermark should be planned accurately and keep the hacking process more complex is very essential. Selection of random frames for inserting the watermark in a video decides the robustness against frame attacks like frame reduction, frame averaging and frame dropping. This paper proposes a Random Frame Section algorithm to embed a watermark dynamically without compromising its quality during frame selection process and Lucas algorithm to improve its robustness. The experimental analysis demonstrates the effectiveness and applicability of our approach. The outcomes confirm that the proposed method shows optimal result and robust against various frame based attacks.

Mitigation of Geometrical Attack in Digital Image Watermarking using Different Transform Based Functions

The illegal act of digital multimedia data loss the value of information and integrity. The loss of information and integrity born the process of piracy of digital data. The piracy of digital data loss the brand value of documents and products. For the prevention of piracy used the digital watermarking technique. The digital watermarking techniques provide copyright protection and increase the value of brands — Watermarking techniques used in various fields such as image, video, audio, and text. The process of watermarking techniques proceeds in two manners spatial domain and frequency domain. The processing of frequency based watermarking techniques is roughest and fast processing of watermarking. Now in the current scenario, various transform function is used for the embedding process of watermarking techniques. In this approach present the studied of digital watermarking techniques based-on different transform function such as DCT, DWT, FFT, and many more transform function. The transform function based watermarking techniques faced a problem of geometrical attack. The Geometrical attack deforms the watermark and gets information. The prevention of watermarking techniques against the Geometrical attacks is a big challenge for the researcher in the field of digital watermarking.

Design of Secure Image Fusion Technique Using Cloud for Privacy-Preserving and Copyright Protection

Nowadays, the use of digital content or digital media is increasing day by day. Therefore, there is a need to protect the digital document from both unauthorized users and authorized users. The digital document should be protected from authorized users who try to redistribute it illegally. Digital watermarking techniques along with cryptography are insufficient to ensure an adequate level of security of digital media. The security of the transferring digital data in the modern world is also a big challenge because there is a high risk of security breaches. In this article, a secure technique of image fusion using hybrid domains (spatial and frequency) for privacy preserving and copyright protection is proposed. The proposed method provides a secure technique for the digital content in cloud environment. Two cloud services are used to develop this work, which eliminates the role of a trusted third party (TTP). First is the design of an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to store different images with encryption processes to speed up the image fusion process and save storage space. Second, a Platform as a Service (PaaS) is used to enable the digital content to improve computation power and to increase the bandwidth. The prime objective of the proposed scheme is to transfer the digital media between a service provider and customer in a secure way using a hybrid domain along with cloud storage. Imperceptibility and robustness measures are used to calculate the performance of the proposed approach.

A fuzzy logic based contrast and edge sensitive digital image watermarking technique

In this paper, a fuzzy logic based digital image watermarking technique is proposed. The contrast and edge values of the host image are analyzed by the fuzzy inference system (FIS) against fuzzy rules and then the FIS evaluates the output which is proposed as the watermarking strength (α) of the image. By varying the contrast and edge values of the host image, the fuzzy logic adjusts the watermarking strength to keep the system performance unchanged which helps to improve imperceptibility of the watermarked image. DWT is performed to divide the cover image and watermark image into sub-bands and the maximum entropy region among the sub-bands is calculated for selecting the embedding location because it is less affected by the image processing attacks. Hence, it makes the scheme more robust than other fuzzy based methods. In the extraction phase, the watermark is recovered from the sub-band where it was embedded. The effectiveness of the algorithm is measured in terms of performance parameters like peak signal to noise ratio and normalized correlation. Experimental results indicate that the fuzzy logic adjusts the watermarking strength to keep the performance parameters unchanged irrespective of the contrast and edge values of the host image.

A secure video watermarking technique based on hyperchaotic Lorentz system

The advancement of multimedia and computer technology has facilitated increasing number of research on digital video watermarking. Video watermarking techniques can be used not only in the protection of multimedia video works’ copyright, but also in the transmission of confidential data. This paper presents a color video watermarking algorithm based on hyperchaotic Lorentz system. Firstly, the color watermark images are scrambled using hyperchaotic Lorentz system to enhance its confidentiality. Secondly, we use shot boundary detection to extract non-motion frames of the video. Then the chaotic sequence is used to determine the specific frames among the non-motion frames. Next, we apply the discrete wavelet transform to specific frames to get the appropriate subbands. And finally the encrypted watermarks are embedded into the selected subbands. The performance of proposed method is evaluated by Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Normalized Correlation and Structural Similarity Index Measure. Experiments showed that the average PSNR and SSIM of watermarked frames are 57.00 dB and 0.99, respectively, which indicate that the proposed method has high imperceptibility. The NC value of 1.00 proves that the watermark can be transmitted without loss under no attacks. And we also tested the robustness and imperceptibility in the presence of various attacks including image processing attacks, geometrical attacks and video attacks. The method we proposed enrich the digital watermarking techniques.

Some Evaluations on a Digital Watermarking Technique for Music Data Using Distortion Effect

Some Evaluations on a Digital Watermarking Technique for Music Data Using Distortion Effect

A Robust Multi-Channel Digital Image Watermarking Technique with SVD, DWT, DCT

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Solar panel monitoring: real-time system using video watermarking and Mosaicing

In this paper, we propose a new approach to monitor a solar plant in real-time using an embedded vision system, comprised mainly of raspberry Pi3 card, GPS and thermometer sensors, and an HD camera module. This approach consists on using image processing techniques on solar energy fields. It is implemented on two steps, the first apply the digital watermarking technique based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) to indexing a captured video. We start by capturing all information from the solar plant (GPS coordinates, temperature, date, and time), then we embed on each video frame their related data. This method depends on transforming the video frames from the spatial to the frequency domain using DCT and embedding data in 8 × 8 block coefficients. The second step consists on applying a mosaicing techniques based on the scale invariant features transform (SIFT), in order to generate a panoramic image of the solar plant from video frames. Remotely, the supervisor can visualize the image of the whole, part, or panel of the solar plant, and exploits the embedded data to ensure an efficient real-time monitoring. The proposed method allows a high efficiency in terms of accuracy, data security, and retrieving data quickly, also it offers a high capacity, less imperceptibility and good robustness.

An Implementation of Text Hiding in Medical Images based on Graph Coloring for Android Devices

Medical images are representations of highly vulnerable digital images and useful objects that help diagnose a patient. However, it is not easy to maintain the authenticity of a medical image because there are many ways that it can be manipulated. Therefore, several methods have been developed to protect the authenticity of medical images. One way is to add a watermark onto the medical images. However, digital image watermarking techniques are usually widely implemented using software running on a computer. In this paper, the authors built a system to hide the text on medical images using an Android device. The system consists of an embedding and extracting process. In the embedding process, the method used is vector quantization and graph coloring based on a Genetic Algorithm. The test result shows that the scheme has good imperceptibility and a fast enough time consumption to be implemented on an Android device.

An Improvement in Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Wavelet Transform

An enormous growth of multimedia information in the internet has given rise to varied unauthorized use and modification. This authenticity issue is equally a limitation both in the defense data transmission and secured transmission. Digital watermarking is one of the legitimate solutions to the above problem since it makes possible validation and secure transmission of secret data. This paper presents a robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme that can be used for copyright protection. The scheme involves Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The latest approach to wavelet transform is the Lifting Wavelet Transform and the significant transform technique for robust digital image watermarking is Singular Value Decomposition. The results are cross-validated by using inverse LWT and SVD. The digital signature mechanism is used to generate and embed a digital signature after the watermark is embedded, then the ownership is authenticated before extracting watermarks. In order to check the robustness of the method against various common image processing attacks like Mean, Median, Gaussian, Shear, Rotation and Crop, certain performance metrics such as peak to signal noise ratio (PSNR)and mean square error (MSE) is computed. To check similarity, normal cross-correlation (NCC) is used.

Existing Trends of Digital Watermarking and its Significant Impact on Multimedia Streaming: A Survey

Nowadays digital media has reached the general level of resource sharing system and become a convenient way for sharing lots of information among various individuals. However, these digital data are stored and shared over an internet which is an entirely unsecured and most frequently attacked by several attackers, resulting in a massive loss at various parameters and creates severe issues of copyright protection, ownership protection, authentication, secure communication, etc. In recent years, digital watermarking technology has received extensive attention from users and researchers for content protection and digital data authentication. However, before implementing digital watermarking techniques in practical applications, there are still many problems that need to be solved technically and efficiently. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a detailed survey on current research techniques of digital watermarking techniques for all media formats with their applications and operational process. The prime objective of this manuscript is to reveal the research problem and the efficient requirement to implement robust watermarking technique after analyzing the progress of watermarking schemes and current research trend.

Digital Watermarking Technique for Text Document Protection Using Data Mining Analysis

In the current era, information security is on its top priority for all organizations. The individuals, government officials, and military with the rapid development of Internet technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing facing data security problems. As the massive rate of data growth, it is a challenging task for the researchers, that how to manage the vast amount of data safely and effectively while designing smart cities. It has been quite easy to produce an illegal copy of digital contents. The verification of digital content is one of the major issues because digital contents are generated daily and shared via the internet. The limited techniques are available for document copyright protection. However, most of the existing techniques produce distortion during watermark insertion or lack of capacity. In the said perspective, a digital watermarking technique is proposed for document copyright protection and ownership verification with the help of data mining. The techniques of data mining are applied to find suitable properties from the document for embedding watermark. The proposed model provides copyright protection to text documents on local and cloud computing paradigm. For the evaluation of the proposed technique, 20 different text documents are used to perform many attacks such as formatting, insertion, and deletion attacks. The proposed technique attained a high-level of imperceptibility where peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values are between 64.67% and 71.03%, and similarity (SIM) percentage is between 99.92% and 99.99%. The proposed technique is robust and resists from formatting attacks and capacity of the proposed technique is also improved as compared to the previous techniques.

An efficient medical image watermarking technique using integer wavelet transform and quick/fast response codes

Securing the medical images to make it tamper free is a terribly difficult task. With the advanced digital watermarking (DWM) technique, we are able to protect the medical images by evaluating validation, dependability, privacy and integrity. The DWM is implemented in two main domains: transform and spatial. The DWM is mostly implemented using the transform techniques such as singular valued decomposition (SVD), discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), integer wavelet transform (IWT) and combination of these techniques. One of the foremost challenges in these technologies is information embedding capability and this parameter is considered for evaluation of the system. One of the possible ways to reduce the number of embedding bits in information is to use quick response code (QR). The proposed DWM system uses: IWT, bit plane and QR code.

Increased PSNR with improved DWT digital watermarking technique

Today, the world is moving towards a digital era in every walk of life. Every business, government and private sectors, and research organisation use the digital image, as a transfer mode for critical data. The images over the internet are not secure therefore, image security is needed. In this work, a new technique of image security is proposed using digital watermarking which is more efficient and robust than the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The whole mechanism is greatly reliable on the human visual system, as the watermark is not visible to the human eye. This increases the security of the hidden image or messages. The technique is tested against the PSNR of several images. The average PSNR calculated of all the tested images was compared to other techniques and found that the new technique is better than the existing techniques. This technique can be used for security of multimedia data.

Increased PSNR with improved DWT digital watermarking technique

Today, the world is moving towards a digital era in every walk of life. Every business, government and private sectors, and research organisation use the digital image, as a transfer mode for critical data. The images over the internet are not secure therefore, image security is needed. In this work, a new technique of image security is proposed using digital watermarking which is more efficient and robust than the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The whole mechanism is greatly reliable on the human visual system, as the watermark is not visible to the human eye. This increases the security of the hidden image or messages. The technique is tested against the PSNR of several images. The average PSNR calculated of all the tested images was compared to other techniques and found that the new technique is better than the existing techniques. This technique can be used for security of multimedia data.

NSCT domain–based secure multiple‐watermarking technique through lightweight encryption for medical images

SummaryThis paper discusses a lightweight encryption–based secure digital watermarking technique for medical applications. The technique uses redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) along with nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) to improve robustness and imperceptibility. The security of the proposed technique is further improved by incorporating a lightweight (low‐complexity) cryptographic mechanism that is applied after embedding multiple watermarks. The proposed scheme first partitions the host image into subcomponents and then calculates the entropy values for it. To the maximum entropy value, the NSCT is applied, followed by RDWT decomposition. Finally, SVD is applied to obtain a singular vector of RDWT‐decomposed components. The watermark images are also processed using the same procedure mentioned above. The method uses singular values to hide watermarks into a host image. The experimental outcome shows that the combined technique makes our proposed approach more robust and imperceptible, while it is evaluated for various wavelet filters and 10 different types of medical and five different types of nonmedical cover images. Furthermore, the strength of the cryptographic mechanism is tested using standard performance measures and confirms its effectiveness in security. Moreover, it is evident from the results that our method shows improvement in robustness in comparison to previously reported techniques under consideration.

A Novel Blind and Robust Video Watermarking Technique in Fast Motion Frames Based on SVD and MR-SVD

In this work, a novel and efficient digital video watermarking technique based on the Singular Value Decomposition performed in the Multiresolution Singular Value Decomposition domain is proposed. While most of the existing watermarking schemes embed the watermark in all the video frames, which is time-consuming and also affects the perceptibly of the video quality, the proposed method chooses only the fast motion frames in each shot to host the watermark. In doing so, the number of frames to be processed is consequently reduced and a better quality of the watermarked video is also ensured since the human visual system cannot notice the variations in fast moving regions. The watermark information is embedded by Quantization Index Modulation which is a blind watermarking algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a very good transparency, while being robust against various kinds of attacks such as filtering, noising, compression, and frame collusion. Compared with several methods found in the literature, the proposed method gives a better robustness.