Evolution Of Technical Systems Research Articles

Tehnološka i organizaciona pomeranja izazvana ratovima, prirodnim katastrofama i industrijskim akcidentima

This paper aims to show cause-and-effect relationships between security and operational risks, key security incidents, and/or security paradigm shifts due to good warfighting practices and how new or evolved technical systems and organizational practices have subsequently emerged. As the evolution of technical systems depends on several factors, the aim is to give the context of the evolution and explain how it influenced the evolution of technical systems and the subsequent change of the organization. Also, for some of the mentioned systems, a forecast of future development was made taking into account the known limitations, and a prediction of the outcome for the mentioned technologies and organizational models in the foreseeable future was given.

MANIFESTATION OF THE LAWS OF EVOLUTION IN VARIOUS FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The main idea of the present plenary report is that the evolution of different technical systems obeys the same patterns of development over time. Appropriate examples are given to illustrate the main thesis and a discussion is made.

FROM HAND MACHINE TO INTELLIGENT MOBILE MACHINE - ROBOT

The analysis of the evolution of technical systems, which include machine tools, shows the significant impact of industrial revolutions on the change in the structural and functional features of new generations of technology. Using the convergence of knowledge and an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to carry out long-term genetic prediction during the transition from manually controlled machines to intelligent mobile robots, on which the processing of products is carried out while moving from the loading position of the workpiece to the unloading position of the finished product.

Research on the evolutionary direction of drip irrigation irrigators based on the evolution of technological systems

This paper introduces the theory of technical system evolution into the design of infiltration irrigation irrigators, uses patent analysis to predict the technical system of irrigators, adopts the law of dynamics suitable for the evolution of drip and infiltration irrigation irrigators, and the law of uneven evolution of subsystems to optimize the design of irrigators. It identifies the technical system evolution stage of irrigators as the growth period, forms the evolution process applicable to the growth period of irrigators, and obtains a new type of flexible integral compensated DC channel-wide flow irrigator.

The Principle of Hybridization in the Structural Organization and Evolution of Electromechanics Objects

Abstract The systemicity of hybridization phenomenon is analyzed. This study summarizes the mechanisms of manifestation and forms of submission of the hybridization law, which determines the principles and boundaries of structure formation, taxonomy, methodology of synthesis and analysis of hybrid electromechanical objects at the intraspecies and intergenic levels of their structural organization. The results of the study are important for the further development of the theory of genetic evolution of technical systems.

Examination of Altshuller's Trends of Technical System Evolution in Automotive Passenger Vehicles

AbstractAlthough Genrich Altshuller is perhaps better known for developing the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), his work also includes eight trends of technical system evolution that he believed could be used to predict the future of products or systems. Those working in any high‐tech industry have always sought techniques to better forecast the evolution of their product in order to pursue the most promising of multiple possible evolutionary paths and make the most fruitful investments of time and money in new technologies. The authors are interested in including Altshuller's trends in their toolbox for predicting the future of the automobile but felt it would first be prudent to look back on the auto industry's approximately 160‐year history to see if Altshuller's trends appear consistent with that history. The assumption is that if the past history of the evolution of the automobile is consistent with those trends, then increased confidence can be had in any future predictions made by applying those same trends to the current state of the automobile to predict the future. When the history of the automobile was examined in roughly decade‐level time intervals, it was observed that in each time interval considered, typically six or more of Altshuller's eight trends were apparent. Interestingly, the authors found that there were a number of unsuccessful products throughout history that were largely consistent with the trends. This suggested that satisfaction of the trends of system evolution may be a necessary condition for system evolution but is not a sufficient condition for success. This work proposes that consideration of context and satisfaction of some typical system architecting heuristics can largely differentiate past success vs. failure amongst various systems that satisfy the eight trends, and hence recommend a hybrid approach consisting of Altshuller's trends of system evolution with specific attention to system context along with the application of system architecting heuristics as a potentially useful and valuable way to predict the future evolution of the automobile.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ І КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ ТЕХНІКИ І ТЕХНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

The work deals with the most important principles of optimal design and rational design, as well as the laws of evolution of complex technical systems and objects, taking into account the psychology of creativity of the designer and designer.

Symbiotic Exploration of Silage Machinery Based on Technological System Evolution

In order to make each functional module of silage machinery have a high degree of adaptability and meet the market demand of coordinated operation of each functional module, this paper preliminarily explores the symbiosis concept in the field of silage equipment, and applies the technology system evolution theory to the symbiotic design of silage equipment. In the design stage, the designers divide the functional modules of the silage machinery according to the market and user needs, and then analyze the symbiosis of the interrelated modules and screen out the functional modules with weak adaptability, so as to carry out the technical system evolution and optimize each functional module, and then establish the layout scheme between modules, so that the various functional modules of the silage machinery have strong adaptability, improve product quality, reduce design costs, shorten the design cycle, and realize the user’s demand for the coordinated operation of multi-functional silage machinery.

Technological inheritability of product properties at the development and production stage of its Life Cycle

The relationships of technological providing of standart quality parameters of products with the substages and stages of their Life Cycles is analyzed. The prognostic nature of the relationships between the functional properties of the product and the technology of their providing requires thorough theoretical and experimental research for the modern mechanical manufacturing. The priority of information support of modern mechanical engineeering production in the conditions of self-organization of technical systems at designing of technological processes of products manufacturing is noted. The general laws of evolution of technical systems are formed on the basis of system functional, morphological, informational analysis by studying the relationships and interactions of functional, morphological and informational description. The actuality of the study of the processes of damage accumulation and material degradation for the characteristic types of products destruction is argued. The expediency of a synergetic approach in the analysis of technical objects and technological systems is established.The goal of this research is to develop a principal scheme for the formation of quality parameters of part with predict of the probability of its failure in manufacturing, taking into account the technological inheritability of properties. The basic scheme of formation of products quality parameters taking into account all substages of development and production stage of its Life Cycle is developed. The mathematical model for predicting the probability of non-defect production P (t) of products suitable for further operation, taking into account technological inheritability, is proposed. Further research is related to the optimization of design and technological solutions and the structure of technological processes, taking into account the technological inheritability with a rational combination of blanking, intermediate, finishing and final-strengthening operations.

Vibration Analysis of Corn Header Silage Module Rack Based on Technological System Evolution

The silage module of the corn header is transformed from the existing silage corn header. The tractor drives the silage module to harvest silage corn, and the performance of the silage module directly affects the quality of the harvest. In view of the strong vibration and unstable performance of the silage module during operation, it is necessary to perform vibration analysis on the frame of the silage module. The 3D model of the silage module was established by Solidworks. The modal analysis of the frame structure of the silage module was carried out by ANSYS. The first 6 modes of the frame and its natural frequency are obtained. By analyzing the intrinsic relationship between the mode and vibration of the silage module frame, the first-order mode of the silage module frame is obtained to resonate with the road surface excitation frequency. Using the technical system evolution rule to analyze the patents related to avoiding resonance methods, it is concluded that the current patent evolution is at a mature stage. It shows that there are enough ways to avoid resonance. Combined with the scientific effects of the How-to model and related patent cases, resonance is avoided by changing the structure of the frame to avoid the excitation frequency of the road surface.

A Review of TRIZ Tools for Forecasting the Evolution of Technical Systems

Abstract This article presents tools used in the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) which are useful when assessing the evolution direction of technical systems. The following matters are discussed: the S-shaped curve, laws (trends and lines) of the evolution of technical systems, multi-screen diagrams, as well as analysis of evolutionary potential. Inventive laws formulated by Gienrich Altshuller as well as laws previously formulated by a Polish writer and promoter of knowledge, Aleksander Głowacki, writing under the pen name Bolesław Prus, have been presented. Finally the innovation roadmaps have been shown. The use of individual tools has been supported by practical examples taken from research performed by the authors, and the usefulness of individual methods was evaluated. All methods have been compared and evaluated.

Unified description of thermal behaviors by macroscopic growth laws

Complex systems, in many different scientific sectors, show coarse-grain properties with simple growth laws with respect to fundamental microscopic algorithms. The known classification schemes of the growth laws refer to time evolution of biological and technical systems. We propose to apply the previous classifications to phenomenological analysis of thermal systems with a cross-fertilization among different sectors. As an example, the Fermi–Dirac distribution function and the electrical activation in implanted silicon carbide are discussed.

Research on innovation design of corn cutting platform based on evolution of technology system

In order to accurately predict the future direction of corn cutting platform technology and rapidly develop a new generation of technologies and products, it is crucial to determine the current position of the corn cutting platform technology in the life cycle. Corn cutting platform had problems such as inefficient design, relatively high purchase costs, and short life. After quantitative and qualitative analysis of patents related to corn cutting platform technology, the S-curve law of technical system evolution theory was used to predict that the current corn cutting platform technology is in a recession period in the S-curve. In this period the super-system evolution law should be used in the innovative design of the corn cutting platform. Thereby the design efficiency of the corn header is improved. The causal chain analysis method was used to analyze the reasons for the high cost of the corn cutting platform. It is inferred that the above problems can be solved from the “single corn cutting platform function” and “too long corn cutting platform idle time”. The corn cutting platform that harvests both grain corn and silage corn was derived by applying the technical contradiction method and the super-system evolution rule.

MANAGING EVOLUTION FROM MECHATRONICS TO INTELLIGENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Technological change from mechanics to intelligent technical systems leads to a fast evolution of products. This evolution is characterized by manifold product generations and product versions, each of them comprising a bunch of new product features and technical changes. To cope with these changes, companies need to systematically manage product evolution in terms of concerted innovation and adaptation steps. Based on this need, this paper outlines a framework for managing evolution of intelligent technical systems. The need for evolving technical systems is detailed and the main fields of action in managing evolution of intelligent technical systems are introduced. The paper concludes by deriving release planning as a suitable approach and an important discipline for future development of intelligent technical systems.

Application of Evolution Laws

Technical systems evolution follow trends, some laws describe the different steps of evolution of those systems. These laws are known as “laws of technical systems evolution” from the TRIZ theory. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach facilitating the use of the evolution laws, as part of a framework for innovation. To achieve our goal we start by an analysis of each definition of the three first evolution laws. It's analysis we’ll permit to extract with precision part of the definition we’ll use to construct a model helping the use of the laws. The model we propose is composed of a short quiz that users must answer. The purpose of these questions is to guide the user as far as possible in the identification of functional elements of the system and possible developments of innovative products, as recommended by the three first laws. After that, we’ll conduct an experimentation to taste this model on two kinds of participants, some of them are software developers working in different companies, they do not know the TRIZ theory. The other participants are students in training who learned some tools to innovate, they are not completely novices on TRIZ. To conclude, we’ll present the relevance of our approach to use systematically the first 3 evolution laws of TRIZ.

Wavelet-based confirmatory factor analysis: monitoring of damage accumulation factors

Under consideration is further development of the wavelet-based confirmatory factor analysis intended for monitoring of factors responsible for evolution of technical and other systems. According to the proposed approach, the samples of coefficients resulted from discrete wavelet transform of initial parameter time series under study and responsible for different observation periods are considered as values of observed variables in the subsequent confirmatory factor analysis to reveal time history of factor influences and estimate factor interaction. Identification of free factor model parameters is carried out by a novel direct (noniterative) procedure, which is an alternative to traditional local iterative optimization procedures based on the maximum likelihood criteria. A technique for estimating significance of factor model components is discussed. Application of the approach to the analysis of aircraft damage accumulation is given. Analysis of the variance components factor model representing influence of maneuvering load factors occurrences and climatic conditions of basing on aircraft damage accumulation rate revealed differences between national flying training schools to yield statistically significant effect on the process of aircraft damage accumulation under repeated loads.

Modelling the Dynamics of Products and Processes Requirements

This paper proposes a new modelling framework aimed at overcoming the current limitations of existing techniques for the representation of products and processes within a Technology Forecasting study. Starting from the review of the available modelling approaches, the authors define system requirements as the key elements to represent both drivers and barriers for the evolution of technical systems, analysed in the context of a business process. The new proposal allows such requirements to be mapped in an integrated and scalable model connecting finished goods with the related business processes, so as to collect the knowledge from different experts and stakeholders in a unified and manageable description, thus reducing the risks due to uncertain and partial representation.The paper presents also an example of application in the field of pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing, focusing on the industrial processes requiring the granulation of pharmaceutical powders. An in-depth discussion about the emerged criticalities supports the definition of further developments to make this approach more repeatable and suitable for Technology Forecasting methodologies.

TRIZ Evolutionary Approach: Didactics

The main points and details of usage of the TRIZ evolutionary approach were considered at some TFC conferences. For successful implementation of this approach to the educational process special didactics skills are required; they differ a little from the normal TRIZ didactics. First, particular attention is paid to the subject “Creative Imagination Development”. Secondly it is necessary to have special teaching skills as students learn the main TRIZ concepts (Laws of technical systems evolution and TRIZ tools).Thirdly, successful implementation of the TRIZ evolutionary approach is possible if TRIZ evolutionary maps are created scrupulously and they present development of systems which are related to the students’ specialty.In the report we review each of these details, consider the challenges teachers and students face and present solutions for these challenges.

The evolution of projectile points and technical systems: A case from Northern Patagonian coast (Argentina)

In this paper we present the results of the phylogenetic analysis of projectile points dating from the Middle-Late and final Late Holocene recovered from different sites along the coast of San Matías Gulf (Río Negro province, Argentina). In order to study the evolution of weapon systems we have used maximum parsimony phylogenetic reconstruction and tree based comparative methods. This allowed us to explore different evolutionary models addressing the technical systems used in the area.The results suggest the existence of a robust phylogenetic signal that gradually evolved into at least two technical systems. One of the most important results however, was the evidence of a certain morphological continuity. In turn this suggests that, rather than a direct replacement, there was an adaptation of propellant-type weapons towards the bow and arrow.We concluded that this pattern of metric and morphological continuity might be related to transitional forms between the different technical systems, with design types used in both systems. There would have been a degree of experimentation so as to produce performance effective projectile points, this would have occurred in a framework of trial and error in a context of low risk.

A triz based method for making systematic innovation in Eco-Design

Today innovation has to meet the environmental aspects. The ever increasing scarcity of resources and the higher level of pollution are orienting consumers and therefore industries towards a cleaner production and green products. Within a time to market which is constantly reducing, companies need tools to quickly develop new products which provide customer and business value together with a lower environmental impacts. In this paper we propose a method to support innovation projects, taking into account also environmental requirements. The specific goal is to drive systematically the designer towards more sustainable products or processes, without interfering with its traditional design approach. The method is based on an integration of LCA tools for collecting and processing information from all life cycle phases of the product, with a reworking of the TRIZ fundamentals (as the Ideal Final Results, Laws of Technical Systems Evolution and resources) for identifying where and how to intervene on it. An application case is used to show the potentiality of the presented method.