Development Of Technical Systems Research Articles

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS SUPPORT IN A COMPLEX SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

The study of the problems arising in the management of complex multi-factor systems allows to conclude that the latter should be considered as integrated organizational and technical. The basis of such management is a crisis – an exciting phenomenon, an incentive – unfulfilled needs, a defect, a deficiency or a threat that causes a targeted crisis through technical intervention or to avoid interaction or a change in the state of an object, a change in oneself or one's attitude to what is happening. An information technology for overcoming crises is proposed, which consists in the construction of each crisis into a group of elementary ones with the subsequent transformation of each elementary crisis into an elementary solution using the proposed information technology. The aim of research is to increase the efficiency of managing the development of complex organizational and technical systems through the development and implementation of new dynamic models and methods for finding optimal ways to overcome management crises at the level of elementary representations. The analysis and classification of the negative circumstances that arise in the management of complex dynamic organizational and technical systems, and the crises arising from these circumstances are carried out. The life cycle of an elementary crisis in managing the development of complex organizational and technical systems is shown – from the emergence of elementary negative circumstances to the receipt of elementary solutions to overcome them. An informational method has been developed to support decision making on the choice of means to overcome crises, based on the use of multidimensional percolation models. The structure is proposed and a description of the main steps that are carried out at one iteration of managing a complex organizational and technical system is provided

PATTERN BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING – APPLICATION OF SOLUTION PATTERNS IN THE DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

AbstractFor the development of intelligent technical systems, Systems Engineering and Solution Patterns are the guarantee for success. In order to avoid cost-intensive iterations, the documentation and reuse of solution knowledge is addressed during the systems design. Using an interdisciplinary specification technique, a uniform structuring of Solution Patterns as well as the composition in a multidimensional knowledge space takes place. This is the basis of an associated systematics for a solution pattern-based system design of mechatronic systems, which is validated by two cooperating DeltaRobots.

Naturelike and Convergent Technologies for Developing Lithosphere Mineral Resources

Recent changes in public consciousness have inevitably led to the greening of thinking in all spheres of human activity. The most illustrative reflection of this phenomenon is the growing interest in naturelike technologies, which are associated with the main hopes for the settlement of the global environmental crisis, generated by a long-term antagonistic confrontation between the technosphere and the biosphere. In considering the concept of naturelike technologies as a designation of the principal trend in modernizing the general technological paradigm, it is necessary to distinguish two specific areas depending on whether the technologies that we use are present or absent in wildlife: first, the construction of technologies by duplicating in the technosphere effective processes observed in wildlife (nature-reproducing technologies) and, second, the creation of technological systems by transferring to the technosphere the effective functional structure of the circulation of matter and energy in biological systems (convergent technologies). Regarding the ecologization of the technological paradigm of the mineral resource complex, the methodology of creating an ecologically balanced technology as a multiobject cluster is based on the well-known principles of homeostatics, i.e., on the phased formation of a technological homeostat on the basis of the structure of a biological homeostat with the replacement of its essential elements with geotechnological target analogues. The result of this transformation is the construction of a convergent mining technology for integrated field development. Its use will ensure the development of technical systems that make it possible to limit external environmental impacts owing to the postexploitation self-restoration of natural biota phytocoenoses.

FAULT-TOLERANT DESIGN OF A GEAR SHIFTING SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

AbstractThis paper reports the application of the methods and tools of fault-tolerant design to an automated shifting system and their reflection and extension. Fault-tolerant design has emerged in the last years and is generally understood as a collection of strategies, methods, algorithms, tools and insights which are intended to support the development of technical systems which are fault-tolerant because of their controllability but also their inherent fault-tolerant design qualities. The field of application is a shifting system for the gear system of a formula student driverless race car.

Rights of an Individual and Care for the Future of the Ancestry: Possibilities and Boundaries of Axiomatics Construction in the Context of the Legal Regulation of Bioengineering

The paper analyzes the possibility to predict and even retrospectively trace all socio-historical consequences of scientific discoveries, as well as their impact on the deep layers of human existence. On the example of the studies that led to the discovery of antibiotics, the boundaries and capabilities of those who claim to be experts in the field of futurology are demonstrated. The paper elucidates the role of social institutions and practices through which the control is exercised over the processes of using the latest achievements of science and insufficient level of competence in managing the development of technical systems. The author highlights the intuition of philosophers and representatives of the humanitarian intelligentsia regarding such significant effects of modernity as “cultural and ethnic redistribution” and other similar results of the development of the scientific thought. The paper provides for the outlines of axiological uncertainty in which Russian legislators find themselves seeking to rely in their activities on the Russian tradition, which includes pre-revolutionary, revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods. These periods are very different from the axiological point of view. At the same time, value gaps arose, were smoothed and overcome, and the whole system of values is in the process of searching for their own identity. The author has investigated the conceptual possibilities of presentation in the content area of the legal thought of the phenomenon of somatic human rights in the context of their legislative protection. Discussions among lawyers of integrity of the individual and means of its legal protection are analyzed. The paper deals with the correlation of individual and collective goal-setting in the Society of Knowledge and within the framework of the modern system of social relations. The current principles of bioethics as the basis of legal regulation and as implication of the system of humanitarian values and human rights are subject to philosophical and critical reflection.

ПРИНЦИПЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРНОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В ПЕРЕХОДНЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ

Актуальность исследования. Функционирование горнодобывающих предприятий в современных условиях характеризуется активным воздействием факторов внешней и внутренней среды. В условиях нестабильной внешней среды, при переходе от одного этапа разработки к другому, подсистемы горнодобывающих предприятий должны подчиняться цели обеспечения устойчивого функционирования предприятия – обеспечению выходных потоков с заданными параметрами. В этот период изменяется устойчивость горнотехнической системы, что оказывает влияние на состояние экономической и социальной подсистем горнодобывающих предприятий, а также на состояние окружающей среды, вызванное изменениями в параметрах технологии и технологических процессах. Это требует разработки новых подходов и принципов управления работой горнодобывающих предприятий, основанных на согласовании экономических целей с целями в области экологии и социального развития. Цель: разработка концепции устойчивого развития горнотехнических систем в переходные периоды разработки месторождений на основе систематизации существующих принципов устойчивого развития в горнодобывающей отрасли. Объекты: горнодобывающее предприятие, горнотехническая система, система вскрытия карьера. Методы: обзор научной литературы, структурно функциональный анализ, системный анализ. Результаты. Обоснована ключевая роль системы вскрытия в структуре горнотехнической системы для обеспечения целей устойчивого развития горнодобывающих предприятий. Выполнена систематизация принципов устойчивого функционирования и развития горнодобывающих предприятий и его систем с выделением четырех групп принципов: общесистемные принципы управления, принципы развития горнодобывающих предприятий, принципы развития горнотехнической системы, принципы развития подсистем горнотехнической системы. В основу предлагаемой системы принципов положена идея последовательного преобразования подсистем горнотехнической системы на всех этапах проектирования и эксплуатации, учитывающая экономические, социальные и экологические аспекты с целью обеспечения заданных параметров функционирования горнодобывающих предприятий. Предложена концепция устойчивого развития горнотехнической системы в переходные периоды разработки. Использование предлагаемого подхода в период перехода от открытых горных работ к открыто-подземному способу разработки позволяет улучшить экономические, экологические и социальные показатели функционирования систем горнодобывающих предприятий.

Cybathlon: Moving People and Technology [Regional

Reports on the Cybathlon event. The goal of the Cybathlon is to drive the development of technical assistance systems for everyday use and promote the inclusion of people with disabilities. Looking at the millions of people who use technical assistance systems in their daily lives, Robert Riener, head of the Professorship for Sensory-​Motor Systems, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, initiated the Cybathlon in 2013. What began as an idea to promote, through a competition, the development of assistance systems for everyday use and the inclusion of people with disabilities has grown to be a powerful communication and exchange platform that interactively showcases the interplay between humans and technology and its potential to remove barriers.

MODERN METHODS FOR DETECTION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Most recent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection methods are discussed in the article. Detection of UAV principles are pointed out during the overview. Brief advantages of each technique is covered and compared in between. Key technological limitations of each technique is pointed out and discussed. Several most recent and actual UAV threat accidents are presented with the indication of the used counter UAV systems. New upcoming threat of “Kamikaze” (selfdestructive) UAV and their detection limitations are presented. Case studies on the hybrid counter drone technology interactions are covered. In this article, important civil and military types of UAV propulsion are covered. Design features and future consumer demands, are analyzed, aiming at UAV components which are mandatory to perform a flight. Using recently published articles energy sources and thrust power plants are analyzed. UAV detection principles, that include audio signal signature analysis, aerial object video tracking, thermal heat signature analysis, radar systems, radio frequency spectrum and data packet communication detection are covered, pointing out their advantages and limitations. Conclusions are drawn taking into account future perspective of the UAV technology developments and upcoming future threats of the highest impact. Evaluation of most actual recent articles is made in order to overview weak points of the counter UAV system development techniques. Finally future UAV technology development is analyzed and main safety related threats are indicated. Slowly developing UAV components are indicated, putting more attention on possible UAV detection methods, where UAV mandatory components will not become obsolete.

Effect of the time-dependent volumetric heat flux on heat transfer performance inside a heat sink based on the phase change materials

The issue of thermal control plays an important role in the development of technical systems of computing and radio equipment. Temperature conditions are an important factor in the performance and durability of devices. New models of heat sink containing materials with phase transitions “solid body–liquid” are appeared. In the present paper, the numerical study of natural convection melting/solidification of phase change material inside a finned heat sink with a local heater having time-dependent volumetric heat flux has been carried out. An unsteady conjugate phase change problem has been solved taking into account natural convection in the melt, in the presence of a heat-dissipating copper profile. The energy equation has been formulated using a special smoothing function of temperature. The equations of hydrodynamics have been formulated using non-primitive variables, namely the stream function and vorticity. The system of transient differential equations of natural convection, taking into account the melting process and the heat-generating and heat-conducting element, has been solved using the finite-difference method. Analysis has been performed for different values of the volumetric heat generation within the heater and the periodic volumetric heat generation frequency. Obtained results have shown that a rise of the volumetric heat generation frequency leads to an increase in the amplitude of the average temperature within the heater that can have a negative effect on the system operation.

Mathematical modelling of an airborne technical vision system development

An airborne technical vision system of a modern aircraft is, on the one hand, a complex of multispectral sensors and, on the other, airborne computer equipment. The onboard computer solves a wide range of complex digital image processing tasks. The strict requirements are imposed on the computer mathematical software on the image processing time and on the quality of the result displayed on the pilot screen. The software development for such a complex system involves mathematical modelling and use modern information technologies in process of computational algorithms development for task solving. The proposed work discusses ways of solving subtasks of one of the most important subsystems of the airborne complex - the image fusion subsystem and solving the inverse navigation problem. The subsystem is represented by two blocks of tasks: tasks of primary image processing and high-level tasks. The primary processing unit solves the problems of image noise suppression, image enhancement, image fusion and edge detection. In the high-level block of tasks, the tasks of key points detection on real and virtual images, the tasks of a geometric transformation estimation of one image to the plane of another, and the task of a 3D model construction of the underlying surface are solved. The paper presents the results of mathematical modelling in the process of algorithms development for above problems solving. The new results of mathematical modelling of the noise estimation problem are presented in detail. The description of methods and results of other problems solving is less detailed due to article limit but provided with links to the corresponding publications of the authors.

Development of Technical Diagnostic System for Internal Combustion Engines

This article describes methods of development of technical diagnostic systems for internal combustion engines. The automotive industry plays a leading role in the economy of any state. The history of the development of the global automotive industry is closely linked with the development of many branches of engineering. So, by the beginning of the 20th century, the automobile industry began to consume half of the steel and iron produced, three-quarters of rubber and leather, a third part of nickel and aluminum, and a seventh part of wood and copper. Autobuilding came in first place in terms of production among other branches of engineering, began to have a serious impact on the economic life of states. By the beginning of World War I, the car park on the globe was about 2 million. Of these, 1.3 million were in the USA, 245 thousand in England, 100 thousand in France, 57 thousand in Austria-Hungary, 12 thousand—to Italy, 10 thousand—to the Russia.

МОДИФІКАЦІЯ МЕТОДУ УРАХУВАННЯ РИЗИКІВ ПРОЕКТУ РОЗРОБКИ ТЕХНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

Subject research paper is the development of technical systems. The aim is to improve the quality of planning the basic characteristics of technical systems development project. Objective is to analyze the works in the area of risk when planning projects, justified the choice of method of planning the main indicators of the project taking into account the uncertainties and risks, developed and tested method of accounting for risks of interference in the project of development of technical systems on the example of the development of an aircraft engine. Used theoretical methods are: the method of discrete-event simulation for obtaining histograms of cost and time of development of technical systems, the method of calculating the cumulative damage risk events, the model matrix representation as a mathematical device for the presentation and study of interference risks. We obtained the following results. Analysis of existing work and standards in the field of risk management, reviewed the existing information system of risk-based project simulation and variability of the project. On the basis of the detected restriction provides an improved method for the basic parameters of the project planning. The process of identification and the following categories of risk identified: the expectations, cost, appearance of additional work, return. Given the typology of interference risks formalized the concept of additivity, synergy and cannibalization (negative synergy). An information subsystem that preparesinput to project performance simulation taking into account the risks, where the use of the data matrix relationship likelihood of risks and interference effects manifestations of risk events. Developed information subsystem was tested on calculation Show cost and runtime stages of research works on the development of an aircraft engine. Scientific novelty of the results is as follows: improved method of discrete-event simulation account of technical systems development project risks by adding a formalization of interference risks.

STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REVERSED POLYMER COMPOSITION MATERIALS REINFORCED BY CARBON FIBERS

Objectives. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the microwave electromagnetic field on the thermophysical characteristics of PCM reinforced with carbon fibers as one of the factors indicating a certain restructuring of the material, leading to a change in its operational properties.Method. The use of modifying hardening effects that do not lead to excessive destructuring heating of materials.Result. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical literature and trends in the development of technical transport and energy systems, a steady increase in the cons umption of fibrous polymeric composite materials (PCM) in their structures has been revealed. The prospects of applying the effects of microwave radiation (microwave electromagnetic field) on the formation of the required properties of products from PCM and the feasibility of studying the mechanisms of interaction of microwave radiation with the structure of solidified PCM are shown. Experimental studies of the thermophysical interaction of PCM reinforced with carbon fibers with a microwave electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2450 MHz were performed.Conclusion. The fact of more intensive heating of samples of greater thickness and their greater shielding capacity was established. In the study of the thermophysical parameters of PCM subjected to preliminary processing in the microwave electromagnetic field by the modified Parker method, an increase in certain exposure modes of the thermal and thermal conductivities by 20% was observed, which indicates an increase in adhesive bonds in the interfacial zones and an increase in the structure density. This fact can be used in the development of technologies for modifying products from PCM, designed to work in conditions of elevated temperature gradients, which will reduce the magnitude of thermal stresses.Acknowledgment. The research was supported by RFBR grant No. 17-03-00720 «Methodology of optimising microconstruction of composite materials for complex shape objects with increased dynamic strength, formed layer-by-layer by electrotechnological methods».

Geographic Information System of Health Service Place in Palembang

Health service place in Palembang consists of puskesmas, hospitals, health clinics, and pharmacies. People in Palembang get information about health service place through information about the surrounding community, health service institutions and websites that are displayed separately. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to provide complete information about health service place in Palembang. GIS technology can display spatial data such as a digital map of health service location consisting of puskesmas, hospitals, pharmacies, and health clinics. GIS produces web based system that can be accessed online and quickly. GIS applies google map API technology with prototype method as a system development technique.

A model for dependency-oriented prototyping in the agile development of complex technical systems

Due to rising volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity in- and outside the company boundaries, manufacturers of complex technical systems are confronted with unprecedented challenges affecting their development environment. Many projects fail to meet their economic or technical objectives, and established companies are rethinking their traditional development approaches which are oriented towards plannable stage-gate structures. Rather than orchestrating the entire project in detail and determining stakeholder requirements upfront, companies tend to establish agile development approaches that are characterized by the iterative development of prototypes as functional system increments. When applying agile techniques to the development of complex technical systems, however, existing frameworks known from the software industry do not adequately consider the complexity caused by strong interdependencies between and within the system elements. For this reason, the paper presents a model that structures the process of dependency-oriented prototyping, not only when selecting the next prototype to develop, but also when implementing the prototype in the upcoming development iteration. By forcing the early reduction of development-related uncertainty on the one hand, as well as minimizing and controlling the early determination of interdependent system elements on the other hand, market and technology knowledge can be generated quickly and the elaborated system design remains flexible in the course of the development project.

ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

This article discusses the methods of forecasting the life cycle and development of technical systems, their features, advantages and disadvantages, as well as applications. The limitations of forecasting methods and the possibility of combining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the forecast are considered.

Disruptive Technologies in the Light of Socio-economic Revolutions: the EU and World Experience

The relevance of the work explains the need to promote advanced scientific knowledge in the context of accelerating scientific and technological progress. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main content of disruptive technologies and related socio-economic processes that occur during the three industrial revolutions. Based on a retrospective analysis of socio-economic revolutions in human history, the popular scientific essay explains the logic and development of technical and social systems. The article shows how the change of production forces and economic relations influences the ratio of individual components in the essential triad of man: bio-socio-labor. The content of the three industrial revolutions that humanity experiences today is revealed separately (Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0). It is explained that the works that launched these revolutions took place in the European countries. In particular, the Third Industrial Revolution is aimed at solving the problems of the global environmental crisis. The key transformation tools are alternative energy, additive technologies based on 3D printers, horizontal network structures of production and consumption. The main direction of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the creation of a unified network of cyber-physical systems capable of working without humans. One of its leading forms is the Internet of Things. The humanization of socio-economic development is a key objective of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, which is focused on achieving the maximum realization of the creative potential of the human-social basis. The focus is on the key processes of the three industrial revolutions and the changes that take place in the essential triad of man. This article is a popular scientific essay. Key words: industrial revolution, disruptive technology, personality, human-bio, human-socio, human-labor, cyber-physical system.

An Algorithm for Determining Optimal and Suboptimal Trajectories of the Development of a System

An algorithm is described for determining the optimal and the entire set of suboptimal trajectories of development of technical and economic systems. The dynamics of the possible development of a system is considered as a directed graph whose nodes characterize the possible system states in the future time intervals, while the arcs represent all possible transitions from one state to another during given time intervals. The algorithm is based on the dynamic programming principles. It is applied in the software package “Dynamics” that realizes the methods of combinatorial modeling to study the long-term options for the development of energy systems.

Study on the Development Direction of Power Grid Dispatching Technical Support System

In order to ensure the safe, stable operation of Guangzhou power grid to meet the large city power grid requirements, reached the international advanced level, to realize the transformation of Guangzhou electric power dispatching control center strategy and control mode, it requires the construction of a new generation of intelligent dispatching technical support system. This paper analyzes the current situation and development of Guangzhou power grid. Based on the rapid development of smart grid technology and information technology, this paper puts forward the development direction of power grid dispatching technology support system. It also puts forward the construction work of reasonable planning, makes clear about construction content and technical support system to meet the overall business needs “integration of regulation and control, the integration of main distribution network, market-oriented support”. And we make theoretical exploration and practice and accumulated experience for the new generation of power dispatching intelligent technical support system development.

Time factor in critical modes of radio electronic system functioning

Introduction. At the present stage of the development of technical systems, it is important to predict their development, quality, and process characteristics. This also applies to radio electronic systems. Sufficiently unfavorable situations for the functioning of radio electronic systems arise in the context of information conflicts, when it becomes necessary to predict the consequences of information loss or the effect of deliberate interference on the capabilities of radio electronic systems. In critical situations the time factor plays a significant role. On the one hand, information that comes with a delay and loses its relevance. From another point of view, it is necessary to carry out the assigned task within the prescribed time. Thus, the task of determining time indicators of the functioning of radio electronic systems in critical regimes remains urgent and requires further research. Problem statement. Take into account that the effectiveness of the radio electronic systems functioning can be estimated by the performing the task probability. In the process of information flow this probability increases and asymptotically come close to one. In critical modes of operation due to the uncertainty and unpredictability of emerging situations the processing time of information increases. Thus the available information which is perceived by the system is different from the information that is provided by the regular mode. It is necessary to find out the influence of time on processing information on the regularity of the change in the probability of accomplishing the task. It is necessary to estimate the radio electronic operation time, which is necessary to perform the task. It is necessary to set restrictions on the processing time of information and to clarify the requirements for the main parameters that characterize the operation of radio electronic systems in critical modes. From a practical point of view it is necessary to compare real and potential indicators of radio electronic systems and to provide for the possibility of predicting the consequences of their functioning critical modes. Results. On the basis of the informational approach to the analysis of processes in radio electronic systems, the main relations regarding the necessary time of their work and the restrictions on the information delay time are established. Typical situations of critical operating modes of radio electronic systems and the effect of false or lost information on their qualitative characteristics are analyzed. Indicators of a systems operation stable mode are defined. System information analysis of processes using typical forecasting models and the method of analogies is carried out. The effectiveness of the radio electronic systems depends on the amount and value of information that comes to them in the process of functioning. Taking into account the peculiarities of the work of the radio electronic systems In critical operating modes, we will consider useful information and misleading or lost information. Analysis of the work of systems with feedback in the conditions of information delay, allowed to set limits on the permissible delay time, determine the efficiency and the required operating time of the systems. For systems with information losses in the information conflict context in conditions of information capacities increasing and delaying the reaction of one of the parties to the conflict the following indicators are established: real and potential systems efficiency; limitations on the possible efficiency of systems; admissible delay time of reaction by one of the parties to the conflict; necessary time for the performance of the assigned functional task. Conclusions. The obtained results show that in critical modes of the functioning of radio electronic systems, the factor influences both the radio electronic systems performance indicators and their potential capabilities. For information systems that extract information, it became possible to take into account the time that is necessary for processing information, use a typical predictive model for the regularity of increasing the information amount and determine the efficiency and necessary time of the system operating. These results can be used in the process of the radio electronic systems modernization and at the initial stage of radio electronic systems designing.