Technical Proposals Research Articles

World Bank and Keynesian Economics

The World Bank is an international development and financial institution, which was founded with the name of International Reconstruction and Development Bank and based within the United Nations, offers customized resources, development prescriptions, consultancies and loans to countries in various parts of the world. The largest part of the World Bank group is the World Bank which is the largest organization working on private sector initiatives and projects in developing countries; providing technical assistance and development proposals to businesses and governments. The adopted development approaches of this organization and its policy prescriptions to countries have evolved parallel to the periodic charecteristics of capitalism and the change in the economic theory corresponding to these periods since its foundation. It is possible to state that, roughly in the first 30 years, the Keynesian economic policies has affected development discourse and policies of the Bank. However, in the mid-1970s the Keynesian impulse went into reverse and replaced by neoliberalism under the effects of Vietnam War and the OPEC oil price shocks. After that, neoliberalism was on the stage until the 2008 financial crisis started in America and brought the whole world under its impact. This crisis has led the bank to change rhetoric and adopt Keynesian development policies. The main objective of this study sheds light on what Keynesian economics is, its main aims Keynesian development period of the World Bank and its reflections on Bank’s development policies.

Self-generated power supply of agricultural enterprises based on renewable energy sources

The article contains the following technical proposals for the power supply of autonomous agricultural facilities using renewable energy sources: the use of hybrid solar-wind power plants, the use of vortex wind power plants with a vertical axis to use both the energy of horizontal wind flows and the energy of upward air flows. The structure and operation algorithm of an autonomous power supply system based on a hybrid solarwind power plant and a diesel generator for autonomous agricultural facilities of small and medium power in regions where there is no distribution electric network are proposed. This system will allow for insufficient wind load to ensure reliable power supply to an autonomous agricultural facility with minimal use of diesel fuel. The design of a vortex wind power installation has been developed. The fastening on the shaft of the wind power installation of a conical helical blade with a variable radius, decreasing in the direction from the lower to the upper cut of the socket, improves the efficiency of the installation. The proposed installation makes it possible to use small winds and low-potential thermal ascending air currents, reduce low-frequency vibration and noise, and also increase the stability and efficiency of use of wind energy.

The use of green energy for energy conservation in high-rise buildings

The article discusses technical proposals for energy saving in high-rise buildings based on the use of “green” energy. These include: the use of hybrid wind and solar power plants and vortex wind-driven power plants with a vertical axis to utilize both the energy of horizontal wind flows at height level and the energy of ascending airflows. The general principles of building hybrid wind and solar power plants for energy conservation in high-rise buildings are set forth based on the analysis of prior art. These include the following: to ensure safe operation and the absence of tele-interruptions, it is advisable to close the wind turbines with a dome design that has a cavity that captures the wind flow; to ensure environmental friendliness and ease of management, it is advisable to use a variety of vertical vortex wind turbines of modular design; for efficient use of solar energy, it is advisable to integrate photovoltaic cells into the outer structure of the dome; To reduce the cost of the project, it is advisable to use the existing high-rise buildings. A vortex wind power installation is proposed, which allows the use of small winds and low-potential thermal flows, to reduce low-frequency vibration, to increase the stability and efficiency of use of wind energy with ease of installation, maintenance and repair.

Renewing Street Lighting with LED Technology A Single Case Study in Casarabonela

In 2015, the ecological, economic and social necessity of increasing energy efficiency contributed to street lighting renewal in the Spanish municipality of Casarabonela. Considering fixed operating and maintenance costs, it was a significant, long term investment with high impact for the community. Technicians chose LED light sources after studying technical and economic proposals submitted. Measurements of light levels, energy consumption and costs were carried out before and after the renovation. Once the chosen proposal was implemented, follow up surveys from technicians, maintenance workers and final users were collected. This case study aims to describe steps taken in the process of luminaires replacement. It has been estimated savings, expected and actual together with the return period on investment. This case may well serve as a prototype for a subsequent multiple case study which aims to validate a list of indicators obtained in a previous research.

Improving quality of granulometric composition of potash ore produced by «Ural-20R» heading-and-winning machines

Processes of cutting and movement of potash ore during operation of «Ural-20R» heading-and-winning machines are followed with its breakage leading to the increase of number of non-washable powdered classes (particle size less than 0.25 mm) in the breakage products. The sources analysis of dust-like classes formation during the work of «Ural-20R» machines is performed. The regions of rational (by minimum output of dust-like classes) values of breaking parameters of potassium solid mass in use of checkered and consistent cutting schemes are defined. The analysis of the operating parameters compliance of the planetary-disk operating members of «Ural-20R» machines of various modifications with rational cutting parameters is carried out. Technical proposals on improving the operating members of «Ural-20R» machines by use of the crossed procedure of potassium solid mass breaking are reported. It is proved that the proposed solutions will reduce the number of dust-like classes in the breakage products and reduce the specific energy consumption of the potash ore production processed.

Newer approaches to the creation of the thermostable space platforms for the Earth remote sounding

A method for the integrated analysis and the determination of the composite construction parameters of a platform of the Earth remote sounding spacecraft, is proposed. The conditions of thermal load for a flight along a sun-synchronous orbit were analysed. The mathematical simulation of the operating conditions ensuring the effective operation of such satellites was performed. The method was tested with account of the input parameters of the «BelKA» satellite orbit. This method will be useful when selecting a working orbit for such satellites at the stage of technical proposals, since it includes determination of their orbital characteristics, as well as the heat flows onto the elements of their construction. The results of simulation of thermal regime of the composite structure options are presented.

Practice Study on Operation Evaluation and Limitation for Merchant Ships in Polar Water

All environmental hazards impact safety for polar ships, especially polar merchant ship with light ice-class. In order to provide a systematic guidance to deal with any situation during polar operation, International Maritime Organization (IMO) raised mandatory requirements of “Polar Water Operation Manual”(PWOM) in Polar Code. This paper focuses on how to determinate operational evaluation and limitation for the PWOM, which is an important measure to avoid polar ships exceeding operational capability. Features of polar navigation are summarized based on the former polar navigation experience, and typical risk model is set up to describe the process of operation evaluation. The operational limitation is analyzed to indicate the actual capability and limitation as the ship encounters unexpected incident in polar waters. In conclusion, the operation procedure is studied to give a detailed technical proposals for the whole polar operation, which is the main component of PWOM. The outcome may provide helpful to arctic shipping of merchant ships.

SOFTWARE FOR AUTOMATED DESIGN OF NETWORK GRAPHICS OF SOFTWARE SYSTEMS REENGINEERING

The subject of the work is the construction of a graphical network model of reengineering of the software system. Purpose of the paper is development of software for increasing the level of automation of designing network charts for the organization of production by reengineering software systems in the framework of project management. Network planning is one of the forms of graphical representation of the work content and the duration of implementation of strategic plans and long-term complexes of project, planning, organizational and other activities of the enterprise. Along with linear charts and table calculations, network planning methods are extensively used in the development of long-term plans and models for the creation of complex production systems and other objects of long-term use. The “Nodes-Activity” type of graphs is used in modern specialized packages of planning and operational management computer programs. The task before creating a software tool is the ability to work with all types of network charts with the possibilities of their comprehensive transformation. Methods. The article is based on methods of network planning for the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) methodology, the use of elements of graph theory and the Gantt chart method as an accounting method for project management. Simulation of the system software architecture is carried out within the UML (Unified Modeling Language) 2.5 methodology using the CASE toolkit Enterprise Architect 14. Project decisions proposed by the authors are the results of the article. The content of the design part is determined, firstly, by the specifics of the planning of software projects reengineering, and secondly, by the features of specific technical proposals for a project that is manageable. The architecture (project “Frame”) software for managing network planning of software project reengineering is designed in the article. Conclusions. The architecture is developed in the form of several structural and behavioral diagrams, namely: use case diagram, which provides an analyst with a detailed idea of the software field of application; sequence diagram that is designed to create a programmer's imagination on how to perform actions when working with a future program tool; statechart diagram that is required for a visual representation of those states in which the software can be at different times; class diagrams that are used to design the main form filling of the future software; component diagram that is designed to examine the composition of the components of the future software and indicate the sequence of compilation and assembly of individual modules. The numerical and temporal estimation of the planning parameters is based on the data obtained from the Gantt design charts.

Origens da preservação de Brasília em debate: novas problematizações

Os discursos que proporcionaram o reconhecimento de Brasília como patrimônio cultural atribuem ao passado sua legitimidade (como o Decreto nº 10,829/87 que, ao dispor sobre a preservação da cidade, anuncia estar regulamentando uma norma de 1960). Em face disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar criticamente o que seriam as origens da preservação de Brasília: a solicitação do então presidente Juscelino Kubitschek para o tombamento precoce da cidade, no ano de sua inauguração; o artigo nº 38 da Lei San Tiago Dantas, que condicionava eventuais alterações no plano piloto de Lucio Costa a autorização do Senado Federal; e a proposta de criação de um Conselho para a preservação da cidade enquanto obra de arte. Pondero que as questões que emergem destes começos ou foram pouco exploradas pela bibliografia especializada ou o foram de modo a produzir mistificações a respeito de personagens e seus gestos. Assim, este texto busca revisitar tais estudos e investigar documentos da época, de modo a oferecer novos olhares e interpretações destes momentos basilares para o tombamento de Brasília, em que questões de ordem política se misturaram com decisões técnicas e proposições de preservação da Capital Federal como um objeto cultural.

Technical Inspection and Intervention Proposals for The Rehabilitation of a Multifamily Housing Building of the Decade of 60 of Last Century in Portugal

The Portuguese housing park, especially in what concerns to older buildings, is very degraded due to the lack of maintenance over the years, resulting in the depopulation of many historical centres of the country. The specialists usually characterize the housing park in different construction times, being based on the regulation and the implementation of different trends and technological evolutions in construction. In Portugal, the 60’s decade of the twentieth century stands out by the construction of a significant number of multifamily residential buildings with a resistant reticulated structure and without concerns from the point of view of thermal behaviour. In this work, the case study of a multifamily building of the construction period mentioned previously, located in the city of Covilhã, in central Portugal, is presented. The analysis of the case study is divided into two main stages: technical inspection of the building and identification of intervention proposals based on the analysis of detected constructive fragilities. In the first phase of the study a technical inspection sheet adapted to multifamily buildings was created and applied, accompanied by a survey of the residents, in order to know the occupancy conditions, the sensitivity and the expectations about intervention. In addition, a thermal analysis was carried out with the support of thermography, data analysis of temperature and relative humidity measurements performed at certain periods of time and thermal quality evaluation based on the calculation methodologies for the energy certification of fractions. After analysing all the elements registered in the first phase of the case study, it was possible to propose duly substantiated intervention measures with the main concern of creating better access, use and comfort conditions.

Status and tasks of TRINITI site infrastructure modernization for the Ignitor project

The tokamak Ignitor is one of the main long-term projects involving scientific cooperation between Russian Federation and Italian Republic. Currently, negotiations are underway to develop the Ignitor Technical Design Project with on-site placement at site of the experimental bench complex "Tokamak with Strong Field" (complex TSP) of the Joint Stock Company "State Research Centre of Russian Federation TRINITI" (TRINITI) Moscow, Troitsk. The Ignitor project differs significantly from present-day experimental fusion tokamak reactors, having a strong magnetic field (13 T), in which the pulse discharge (about 10 s) flows a powerful discharge current (11MA). Ohmic heating is the main mechanism for ignition of the fusion reaction. During inspection of the current state of equipment and communications of all the main elements of the power and engineering infrastructure of the complex TSP, including stationary and pulsed power supply systems, the vacuum, cryogenic, and fuel systems and diagnostic complex were analyzed. Based on a comparison of the requirements of the Ignitor project to the site location infrastructure, involving from published sources technical characteristics and requirements for livelihood systems of the Ignitor tokamak the technical proposals for modernization of the complex TSP under IGNITOR project task were prepared.

The Centenary of Teploelektroproekt Institute: from the Past to the Future

The article is devoted to the one-hundredth anniversary of Teploelektroproekt Institute, and presents areas of the institute’s current activities. Despite the difficult conditions, the financial and economic crisis, the Institute continues to be one of the leading design organizations in the field of developing projects of thermal power plants operating on organic fuels (coal, natural gas, fuel oil) with the installation of steam-turbine, steam-gas, gas turbine units and substations of various voltages, in terms of its production capacity, technical equipment, scope of work performed and scale of orders received. The technical policy of the Institute is orientated at the future, the key objective being ensuring a high scientific and technical level of projects, and technical and commercial proposals developed by the Institute. The Institute uses cutting edge technologies in the development of technical documentation; introduces advanced technical solutions throughout the project and conducts its uniform policy for the projects under development; provides consistently high quality of technical documentation on the basis of continuous improvement of its quality management system; improves methods of calculation/mathematical models and their implementation in the design process; ensures comprehensive and total accounting of the Customer’s requirements at preparation of technical and commercial offers, design of new and/or reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing power-generating facilities; maintains close relations with scientific and design organizations, manufacturers of equipment, products and materials for the purpose of introduction of available advanced scientific and technical achievements in project documentation. Standardized layouts of the main buildings are designed for pulverized coal-based generating units of ultra-supercritical steam conditions, for circulating fluidized bed boilers, flue gas denitrification and desulphurization plants, for combined cycle plants. Examples of the power plant designing are presented for industrial facilities utilizing nonconventional fuels. A short description is given about the institute’s references in the field of construction of combined cycle and cogeneration plants as well as pulverized coal-based plants.

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BY THERMAL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES IN CROSS-BORDER REGION – PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF STUDY

The paper presents the objectives of the project "Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste by Thermal Conversion Technologies in Cross-border Region " funded by Hungary - Slovakia - Romania - Ukraine ENI CBC Programme 2014-2020. Through collaboration of the three researchers groups from Romania, Ukraine and Slovakia will be elaborate technical proposals for the thermal treatment methods of MSW and strategies of MSW thermal treatment for the all 3 regions (Maramures, Ivano-Frankivsk, Prešovský).

Energy Conservation in High-Rise Buildings Based on Environmentally-Friendly Renewable Energy Sources

The article describes technical proposals on energy conservation in high-rise buildings based on environmentally-friendly renewable energy sources. These include: the use of hybrid wind and solar power plants and vortex wind-driven power plants (aerogenerators) with a vertical axis to utilize both the energy of horizontal wind flows at height level and the energy of ascending airflows. The general principles of building hybrid wind and solar power plants for energy conservation in high-rise buildings are set forth based on the analysis of prior art. A vortex wind-driven power plant (aerogenerator) allowing the use of low-speed winds and low-temperature heat fluxes, reduction of low-frequency vibration and enhancement of stability is proposed.

Efficiency increase of process of loading of potash ore while working with heading and winning machine ‘Ural-20R’

Some operating characteristics of heading-and-winning machines ‘Ural-20R’ were subject to investigation. It was proved that the scope of effective application of these winning machines is restricted by the capacity of the loading operating equipment: screw conveyors and chain-and-flight conveyors. The potash solid destruction by means of the business end of ‘Ural-20R’ machines is supplemented by intense ore circulation and over-degradation when transported using single-thread screw conveyors. Feeding of ore in discrete quantities to the conveyor causes significant base plate vibrations and formation of dynamic loads on drive elements of chain-and-flight conveyors. When using winning machines in workings at a negative inclination angle, flight-and-chain conveyors capacity decreases significantly. Technical proposals on the improvement of potash ore loading process efficiency were developed based on the analysis of specific design properties of screw conveyors and ‘Ural-20R’ combined machine conveyors.

Constructive Variants for Personalised Formwork

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of working with a personalized reusable composite formwork in order to obtain architectural shapes for roof and wall elements without material loss. Starting with the analysis of the market needs, the definition of the functions and continuing with the conceptual and technical solution proposals, we created a formwork variant that can be reused for different complex shapes. The researches set on sight different variations of the material used, their thickness and the contact surface given by the support elements.

RA04.04: EVOLUTION FROM THORACOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY (MIE) TO ROBOTIC-ASSISTED (RAMIE): ANALYSIS OF EARLY AND LATE RESULTS 195 CASES

Abstract Background RAMIE by Transthoracic and Abdominal robotic approach (TT-r) or Transhiatal robotic (TH-r) are options and gained evidence among the major oncological procedures as well as lymph nodal dissection. The concept of esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy with low morbidity boosted by the videothoracoscopic esophagectomy(MIE) is now focused on the new robotic approachs. Methods 41 cases of RAMIE were studied. The TT-r approach (prone position- three arms and abdominal robotic) was performed in 37 and TH-r approach in 5 (most elderly AC patients - 75 to 86y.o.). Conversion to open or laparoscopic procedures, morbidity and mortality as well as the length of the lymphadenectomy were evaluated. These data were compared to the first 154 cases of MIE operated by the same surgical team in those early results. Also the late survival of the MIE group is presented. Results All RAMIE except 2 cases were Siewert I or II Adenocarcinoma, 34 post neoadjuvancy: MAGIC (7) or CROSS (27). There was no conversion to lap or open procedures. No patient received blood transfusion. One complication was observed: a partial rotation of gastroplasty in the thorax, that required thoracoscopic approach in the day 7. Mortality (90 days) was zero. Mean resected lymph nodes was 40 (22–76) and less in TH-r (23 × 43). In the MIE group, complications were: respiratory (26.2%), infectious (8.4%), cervical fistula (17.7%), vocal cord palsy (8.4%). 30 and 90 days mortality were one (0.93%) and 3 (2.8%). Mean dissected lymph nodes = 31.6 (± 14.3), 1:57 positives (± 3.21) and RAD 00:05 (± 0:09). The overall five-year survival was 69% (95% CI: 57% - 83%), 75% in stage 0/I/II and 42% in III/IV. Conclusion RAMIE with TT-r or TH-r technical proposals, seems to be safe without mortality. Lymph nodal achieved was equal to greater than the practiced through MIE and both higher than TH-r cases. No mortality or major complications were observed on elderly patients (mean 80.5yo.) submitted to TH-r Esophagectomy Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Production of stable isotopes of light elements: past, present and future

Taking into account the world trends in the production and use of stable isotopes of light chemical elements, the main directions of their application and the scale of modern production are considered. Particular attention is paid to stable isotopes, mainly used in clinical medicine and various biological studies. At examples for isotopes of 13C, 18O and 15N are analyzed the change in the production volume of isotope products by years, the technologies used for isotope enrichment are considered and manufacturers in different countries of the world are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the appearance of relatively new industrial processes for the enrichment of 13C and 18O. The dominant role of physicochemical separation methods in the production of light isotopes is noted. In addition, from the technology development point of view, technical proposals for the improvement of physicochemical separation methods aimed at enriching 15N and separation of boron isotopes are considered.

The political desirability, feasibility, and sustainability of planetary defense governance

Planetary defense is a delicate topic that has inherently sincere intentions – to save the Earth, biosphere or humankind from an asteroid capable of causing an extinction event. However, the call for action in an exceptional situation that uses scientific knowledge to rationalize exceptional political decisions is an obvious target for criticism by critical security studies scholars. The following article offers a policy framework to avoid the inevitable harsh criticism when any planetary defense policy is thoughtfully designed. The aim is to bring knowledge from political science and international relations theory to the planetary defense community to help build the future planetary defense political and technical architecture that will be desirable, feasible and will sustain. The article argues that it must be ethically desirable for involved actors, politically feasible in the current international system and sustainable in the long-term for the sake of humankind survival and prosperity. The theoretical approach reflects realistic dynamics between nation states but also proposes more visionary cosmopolitan future of humankind; it introduces ethical security studies to argue why, when and how planetary defense can be ethical but also derives from neoliberal thought to propose a policy of technological interdependence. The article combines critical reflections of current technical proposals, anticipate the criticism and proposes the least complicated way through the maze of international relations. The planetary defense has potential to unite people around the world in the Ulrich Beck's cosmopolitan vision, but it must take into consideration that rational solutions focused on effectivity enabled by engineered technology do not necessarily bring the desirable future.

Esquemas urbano-forestales en una «ciudad oasis» de zona árida: Mendoza (Argentina). Influencia sobre el consumo energético residencial

La ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina) se caracteriza por un intenso bosque urbano, calificando como una «ciudad oasis» inserta en una zona árida. Sin embargo, la isla de calor generada y sus consecuencias energético-ambientales enfatizan la necesidad de replantear el modo de forestar la ciudad. Por tanto, el objetivo del trabajo es evaluar el efecto de distintos esquemas urbanos-forestales sobre el consumo de energía residencial. Para ello, se monitoreó micro-climáticamente nueve canales viales representativos en invierno y verano y se simuló el comportamiento térmico de un prototipo de vivienda inserto en cada canal vial. Los resultados indican que los diseños urbanos que controlan la radiación solar mediante una adecuada distribución de la sombra y permiten una mejor circulación del viento, minimizan los consumos de energía auxiliar hasta un 30%. Esto permite generar propuestas técnicas factibles de incorporar en códigos urbanos y, como consecuencia, un uso más eficiente del arbolado en alineación.