Technical Profile Research Articles

FOSTERING ACADEMIC MOTIVATION FROM A STUDENT-CENTRED PERSPECTIVE

The fostering of the academic motivation of pupils/students by the teachers should represent one of the fundamental and permanent objectives of the instructive-educational activity, all the more so since motivation is assigned the second place in the hierarchy of importance of academic success factors, right after academic intelligence ( D. Ausubel, F. Robinson, 1981). The quality of the results of the learning activity and the student's academic adaptation are also conditioned by the degree and type of motivation that supports the learning activity. From the set of variables that determine the students' academic motivation, the school can influence or control, through the instructive-educational activity, only the factors that pertain to its own domain: the interactions between pupils/students and teachers; the interactions between pupils/students and other pupils/students; selecting, processing, and adapting the content of the educational process, the didactic methods, the assessment methods of academic performance. Considering the importance of strategies to stimulate the motivation for learning in the context of academic performance, we set out to investigate the perception of a group of students from faculties with a technical profile regarding educational practices that favour the development of academic motivation. The research method used is the questionnaire-based survey. To identify the students' perceptions of strategies that contribute to stimulating their academic motivation, we used closed-ended items in a questionnaire.

Ensuring Psychological Safety to Develop Students’ Risk-Based Thinking of the Specialty "Civil Security"

Ukrainian society is exposed to external threats from the war with Russia, which negatively affects the plans, goals and quality of life, increases psychological tension and leads to a deterioration in the mental and social health of the population. This also applies to participants in the educational environment.
 The relevance of studying the state, experience, psychological and social capabilities of modern students is growing during the conduct of hostilities in Ukraine. Hence, the issue of psychological safety in the interaction of participants in the educational environment in distance and mixed forms of education becomes a priority.
 The process of forming risk-oriented thinking of students of a technical educational institution provides for training in understanding the phenomenon of risk-based thinking in the unity of three incarnations: a person himself determines what is acceptable for him, taking into account possible negative consequences, the presence of moral attitudes to preserve the life and health of people of social values of development social relations that exclude danger.
 The purpose of this article is to study the features of ensuring psychological security in conditions of uncertainty during the war in order to form risk-oriented thinking of students of higher educational institutions of a technical profile.
 The methodology on which this article relies includes empirical methods (observation, conversation, dialogue) that are used in full-time and distance learning, and theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, classification). Based on them, we formulate practical recommendations for providing psychological safety measures for the effective formation of risk-oriented thinking of students in modern learning conditions.
 Within the framework of our study, the following results were achieved: the stages of educational and educational work in the educational process, pedagogical techniques through which the formation of risk-oriented thinking among students takes place; the conditions under which the psychological security of the student's personality will be ensured are formulated, the indicators of the success of the strategies for the psychological security of students of higher educational institutions in war conditions are identified.
 The article presents the concept of risk-based thinking of students, which provides for the ability to prevent actions to eliminate potential inconsistencies in technosphere safety, analyze all identified inconsistencies, and also take actions to prevent the recurrence of risk.
 The conclusions allow us to state that for the development of risk-oriented thinking, personal potential and abilities, it is important for a person to be in a safe and stable environment. A safe environment around the personality is the most important condition for its development. The Institute of Education is a psychological and pedagogical environment where specially organized conditions are developed for the development of a personality, included in the spatial, subject and social environment, the essence of which is a set of communicative actions and relationships between participants in the educational process.

Scientific work organization of the technical profile students

This article deals with the issue of the technical profile students scientific work (SSW) organization in the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. The implementation of the ESW at the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS is given in the form of reports to the conference CMSS and SMSS and the reports preparation that are published in the the CMSS and SMSS Cadets and Students Reports Collection at the Conference of the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. Preparation for this conference is carried out for 6 months and aims to increase the scientific training level of the specialists with higher professional education and identify talented young people for the subsequent replenishment of the university scientific and pedagogical staff. The reports are carried out in accordance with the curricula and programs. These reports contain elements of scientific research. Participation in research work helps students to comprehend the basics of their specialty, apply knowledge in solving practical problems, develops skills in working in research and production teams. In the process of carrying out educational research, students learn to work independently with scientific literature and systematize it, apply their knowledge in solving specific research tasks. The conference result was "Recommendations to the Student Heads Educational and Research Works of the BSHNS. Therefore, the main ESW goal is the self-realization of the student's personality based on the acquired research skills. Under the guidance of the supervisor (teacher), the student's personality develops in three directions: self-improvement, self-knowledge, and self-education. In the course of research activities, the following student qualities are acquired and developed: the skill of independent research activity; the skill of working with scientific and cognitive literature; initiative and creativity; use, expansion and deepening of subject knowledge; the skill of working together with the participants of the study; self-affirmation of students in this subject area, etc.

Technology of structuring and analysing text information in foreign language classes at a military university of engineering and technical profile

The use of the technology of structuring and analysing information developed by the authors in the classes on the discipline “Foreign language” in a military university of engineering and technical profile is under discussion in the article. The purpose of the presented technology is the effective organisation of students’ text activity, involving a comprehensive analysis of the text to search, extract the necessary information from various sources, evaluate and transmit the content of this information to adequately implement communicative intentions in the situation of educational and natural professional communication of future military specialists (succinctly, fully, selectively). The experience of using the technology has shown that the algorithm of orientation in the text problem field developed by the authors is a system of conceptual apparatus and actions with which students structure and analyse information. The use of an intelligent training programme in the process of analysing the educational texts problem field is an effective tool for conceptual and technological modelling of students’ textual activity, as it allows to demonstrate not only the text semantic and structural organisation, but also the syntactic features of the sentences positional structure of the studied language, as well as the possibilities of their transformation.

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS EFFICIENCY FOR PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FORMATION IN STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES DURING SOCIAL DISCIPLINES STUDYING

In todayʼs technogenic world, technology plays a special role, improving the quality of life and creating living environment for future generations. The question of the responsibility of technical specialists for the results of scientific and technological progress becomes extremely important. Higher technical education responds to public demand, defining responsibility as one of the key generic competencies of a specialist, a sign of their professional maturity. The article grounds the pedagogical conditions of formation of professional responsibility of students of technical specialties in the course of studying social disciplines. This is done on the basis of the notion of phronesis, i.e. the use of interdisciplinary connections of social disciplines for formation of ability to correlate own responsible behaviour with socially significant ideals; application of contextual learning; systematic monitoring of the process of formation of professional responsibility by means of information and communication technologies. The method of diagnostics of formation of professional responsibility of future specialists of technical profile is offered. The results of the experimental study of the effectiveness of the introduction into educational practice of the proposed pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional responsibility, which was conducted with students of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (Ukraine) have been presented. The experimental study confirmed the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional responsibility of students of technical specialties in the process of studying social disciplines and the feasibility of their introduction into vocational training in higher education institutions.

The Professional Performance of the Teacher of Pedagogical Careers with a Technical Profile in the Integration of ICT to the Professional Pedagogical Process

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is becoming increasingly evident and necessary for updating, streamlining and disseminating professional training processes. Higher education is not exempt from this situation, so its institutions must provide methodological preparation and professional development in this regard. Consequently, there is a need to develop in teachers an improvement that enables the improvement of professional performance by integrating ICT into the professional pedagogical process. The following article addresses in its generality, some of the theoretical references that support the professional performance of the professor of pedagogical careers with a technical profile in the integration of ICTs into the professional pedagogical process, from which it exposes the definition of this process in the pedagogical careers of technical profiles. It is the result of the theoretical systematization carried out on the contents around the use of technologies in the training of education professionals in specialties of this type. In this way, it proposes to the interested researcher, to reflect on the particularities of professional performance, taking into account the integration of ICT, as well as the potential that these offer for its improvement.

THE STUDENTS’ EMOTIONAL SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic brought about changes both at the socio-economic level and in our private life. The measures that were taken by governments worldwide have generated a model of action, subsequently customized by each nation. Although the implemented measures aimed at proactively reducing the risk of infection, their consequences were multiple. In this context, the education system was forced to rethink the way of carrying out teaching-learning-assessing activities. Our analysis looks into the feeling of emotional security experienced by students during the online courses. In this context, we conducted a qualitative research, based on the use of the focus group method. The participants in the investigation were students belonging to the 11 departments with a technical profile within the “Gheorghe Asachi” University in Iaşi. We organized three focus groups per year of study – respectively years I, II and III. The aim was to understand the effects of online education on students in the pandemic context from the perspective of “the emotional security feeling”. The objectives focused on identifying the individual difficulties experienced by students and on analyzing the coping strategies they applied. The results highlighted feelings such as fear, anxiety, sadness, insecurity, that worsened with the distance from college and friends. Understanding how the pandemic has affected students is important for teachers in order to identify appropriate ways to come to their support later.

FACTORS AND CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF SPEECH COMPETENCE OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE PRACTICAL RUSSIAN LANGUAGE COURSE

The purpose of the study is to reveal the factors and conditions for the formation of speech competence in the practical course of the Russian language at a technical university. The article focuses on the need to update the content of the professional training of future specialists in the formation of speech competencies in the preparation of bachelor students of a technical profile in the Russian language classes. Scientific novelty lies in the practical development of students' language skills in their professional field. As a result of the study, the need for motivation in the study of the Russian language and its ways to captivate students with the Russian language were substantiated.

Improvement of the Quality of Future Engineers’ Social and Humanitarian Training in the Higher Technical Education Institution

The article highlights the urgency of training highly qualified and competitive engineers in the labor market under the requirements of the world economy, the level of technological development, and taking into account societal demands for the quality of educational services. International experience of training future specialists and directions of improving the skills of engineering and technical personnel are analyzed. The results of the study of educational programs for the training of future engineers in the institution of higher technical education are presented. The necessity of updating the content of education based on professional and creative training of specialists in the field of engineering has been proved, considering it as a holistic process of personal and professional development of the graduate. The pedagogical potential of social sciences and humanities about the professional development of engineering and technical specialists is presented. Interdisciplinary courses are offered, which are aimed at philosophical understanding of the socio-economic situation in the country and the world, the development of critical thinking and abilities to organize one's own business, management skills, and more. Several methodological aspects of the implementation of pedagogical innovations in higher education are substantiated, including business and role-playing games, Problem Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, Oxford Debates, group work, interactive training, and workshops. The importance of professional communication as a complex socio-psychological formation is associated with the process of training future engineers and characterizes the level of formation of integrative knowledge, professional skills, and abilities. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop highly qualified specialists’ creative thinking, the initiative in decision-making, the ability to work in a team on solving philosophical issues, etc. The author has proven convincingly the urgency for preventing various forms of discrimination against people with special educational needs, as well as avoiding gender stereotypes and ideas in the institution of engineering and technical profile.

Bad practices in scientific writing

The communication of science involves the development of skills, one of them being scientific writing. For this reason, every researcher and scientist needs to acquire and develop these skills. At the same time, ethical training, the generation of a critical conscience and an accentuated technical profile that allows him/her to communicate his/her findings in a rigorous manner in journals of high scientific impact without resorting to undesirable practices that damage the heritage of science are imperative. The purpose of this work is to detail the manifestation of bad practices in scientific writing that will allow a researcher to identify them and beware of incurring in them, understanding that some of these behaviors are intentional and others occur due to ignorance of the person who incurs in them. Finally, this work provides suggestions to prevent and detect bad practices in scientific writing.

Assessing the satisfaction with university’s online learning by the physical and technical profile students

The authors study satisfying students of the Engineering and Physics Faculty of High Technologies of Ulyanovsk State University with the quality of online learning during the pandemic. They have determine the criteria and indicators of satisfaction with online learning based on implementing expectations of online learning and the social and professional adaptation (SPA) of students to online conditions. The diagnostic tools included a questionnaire to identify the implementation of students’ expectations of online training in natural sciences and humanities and a methodology for its processing. According to the survey results, the derived percentage integral indicators of implementing expectations of online training in natural sciences and humanities are the following: nearly 20 % of students are completely dissatisfied with online training in both blocks of disciplines; the rest are fully satisfied (38 %) or partially satisfied (about 40 %). The level of satisfaction with online learning of students according to the criterion of their readiness for the online mode was determined using a seven-level scale of self-assessment of psychological comfort in online and offline classes of natural science and humanities blocks of disciplines. Further, the percentage distribution of respondents on seven levels of the psychological comfort scale in online and offline classes of the natural science and humanities blocks of disciplines were carried on and compared. The analysis shows that the psychological well-being of the majority of respondents (about 86 %) in online classes in natural sciences is in the scale positive area; about 70 % of them are in the maximum comfort range. A similar analysis of online classes in the humanities shows that the comfort of the majority of respondents (about 87 %) corresponds to the scale positive area. 73 % of them are in the maximum comfort range. The study results have revealed rather high level of student satisfaction with studying natural sciences and humanities online, which indicates, in general, in favor of partial online education. Based on the existing direct dependence of motivation to learn and realizing expectations of the educational process, the authors conclude about maintaining a high level of motivation to learn in an online environment.

EU Actorness in the Conflict in Ukraine: Between ‘Comprehensive’ Ambitions and the Contradictory Realities of an Enlarged ‘Technical’ Role

The EU as an actor in international affairs does so far have only limited experience in conflict management. Nevertheless, it has formulated the goal of playing the role of a ‘comprehensive’ conflict manager already in 2013. In the post-Soviet region, the Union until recently hardly lived up to that ambition and has mostly restricted itself to a technical profile. This article asks for the EU’s contribution to conflict management in Ukraine since 2014 and for its respective development as a foreign policy actor. It finds that the Union in Ukraine largely remains wedded to the ‘partial-indirect’ type of conflict manager but that it has also demonstrated some progress towards a more political and less technocratic profile. In the Ukraine conflict, the EU has shown remarkable pragmatism, a willingness to invest resources on an unprecedented level, and the ability to securitize its policies in substance. It can be argued that the EU, based on its comprehensive support to state building projects in Ukraine, is on the way towards the establishment of a ‘state building–security nexus’ in the ENP framework. Yet, there exists a dangerous gap between the level of investment on the one hand and the low political profile of the institutions and the lack of strategy on the other hand.

Создание унифицированной клавиатуры пишущих машин для тюркских языков на рубеже XIX–XХ вв.

he article aims to highlight the process of creating the development of keyboards for typewriters in the Tatar language and in other Turkic languages using the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet, undertaken at the turn of the 19th –20th centuries. Through the involvement of archival documents, the role of the inventors of such machines, M. Idrisov, G. Madyarov, T. Tuganov, A. Sheikh-Ali, is presented. It was revealed that G. Madyarov, together with T. Tuganov and A. Sheikh-Ali, made serious changes to the mechanism of the typewriter. According to the engineering inventions of A. Sheikh-Ali, starting from 1925, the production of typewriters at Tatyazmash was being established in the workshop of the Tatar Republic. In 1926, at a conference on the reform of the Tatar alphabet, the project of initial letters proposed by M. Idrisov was approved. The inventor creates a typewriter in which the Tatar fonts were adapted to the finished Underwood machine. It became a breakthrough solution. After the introduction of the Latin alphabet among the Turkic peoples of the USSR, the issue of creating appropriate keyboards for typewriters becomes acute. M. Idrisov on a scientific basis, using the works of B.A. Goltsev for the Russian keyboard, develops standard unified typewriter keyboards for the Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Tajik and other Turkic languages. He took into account the digital data on the study of the frequency of using letters and their combinations with each other in national literary works of agricultural, political, artistic and technical profile. M. Idrisov was engaged in the creation of type-setting cash registers for linotype machines, font sets for 10 Turkic-Tatar languages (1933) and font sets for twenty languages, which were approved and introduced into Soviet production in 1935–1938.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГРУППОВОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ОБЛАЧНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The article deals with the problem of organizing group activities of students in the study of disciplines of engineering and technical profile in a remote format. A block diagram of the organization of a group form of education using cloud technologies is presented. Indicators, criteria and levels for assessing the effectiveness of group work of students from the standpoint of individual assessment, self-assessment, mutual assessment have been developed. Experimental work on the use of a group form of training based on Google cloud applications is described. Statistical analysis of the results of the experimental and control groups was performed.

О применении кластерного подхода в реализации программы воспитательной работы в образовательных организациях высшего образования технического профиля

This article describes the decision of problem connected with the realization of the program of educational work because of the federal law “About the introduction of amendments in the federal law “About the education connected with the questions about upbringing students in Russian Federation” in the educational organization of higher education of technical profile on the base of the cluster approach with the help of the introduction complex of elements of electronic information and education environment in the practice activity. This environment is a systematic methodological support of the educational process and the system of monitoring and estimation the results of educational activity of the subjects of the educational process. The methods of analyzing the individual development of students are presented, which include an assessment of the level of formation of universal competencies, as well as a mechanism for implementing an educational work program based on a cluster, according to four main blocks: institute, mentoring and tutoring (classroom teachers of secondary vocational educational institutions, mentors of student academic groups, tutors, curators (from among students)); academic disciplines of the general education cycle, elective classes, student scientific societies; structural divisions of the extracurricular direction, professional unit. The structure of the electronic resource — “Mentor / class teacher’s Personal account” is presented in detail.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЗНАКОВО-СИМВОЛІЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩИХ ТЕХНІЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

The article considers the problem of applying the sign-symbolic approach (modeling, coding, schematization, substitution) to the formation of students of technical specialties of high level of mathematical competence on the example of the formation of three components: to think mathematically; represent mathematical entities (objects and situations); have mathematical symbols and formalism. Some semantic and semiotic aspects of the selection of problems for teaching mathematics in the process of formation of professional competencies of future bachelors of technical profile are outlined.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The relevance of the presented research is due to the transition of the market economy to a digital format, which determined the innovative modernization of industrial enterprises in the oil and gas complex, led to a change in the set of requirements for the professional qualifications of specialists. The purpose of the article is to determine and consider the effectiveness of the use of interactive technologies in the process of training students in advanced training programs for a technical profile. The authors have analyzed the domestic and foreign experience of colleagues in the application of innovative teaching methods; based on their own practical experience, the conditions for optimizing the educational process through the use of training complexes have been established; the obtained results are studied. The following are identified as priority areas in the development of digital industrial security technologies at oil and gas facilities: employee training (interactive training through VR), automation of production processes, video surveillance and video analytics, biometrics, recognition, movement monitoring and positioning, artificial intelligence, integrated solutions, computer simulators, information modeling, peripheral computing, etc. On the basis of the work done, the undoubted advantages of using training complexes in the process of training employees of oil and gas facilities have been established: a high degree of student involvement; «presence effect» in an identical problem situation; interactive nature; maximum immersion in a problem situation; isolation of the user from external stimuli; the ability of the teacher-trainer to control and coordinate the actions of the student.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS OF TEACHERS OF AN OIL TECHNICAL SCHOOL

The article provides a brief analysis of research on the problems of developing the pedagogical skills of Russian teachers. This problem was paid attention to by many coryphaeus of Russian pedagogy of the ХХ century, whose works continue to be relevant to this day. Number of foreign researchers pay attention to the teachers’ profes­ sional qualities. Based on the comprehension of these works, the author presents the concept of the development of teachers’ pedagogical skills who work in vocational education organization of a technical profile. In the Petroleum College, which the author manages, in addition to professional teachers with pedagogical education, there are also teachers without pedagogical education, also industry workers from the petroleum field. Thus, the teaching staff is a multi­layered conglomerate that requires specific work to develop the components of pedagogical skills among all members of the team. The characteristics of these components are presented in this article.

Methodological Support in the Formation of the Language Competency of the «Aircraft And Helicopter Structure» Profile Students

The necessity of the innovation of the language education in a technical highest school was conditioned by the present-day development of the international industrial relations and business contacts between specialists of various countries. The purpose of technical profile students’ language training nowadays is the mastering of a language competency in the sphere of professional communication. The article aims at the description of peculiarities of a methodological support in the formation of the language competency of the technical profile students. The article represents the scientific literature review on the problem of the language education efficiency raising in a highest school; grounds the necessity of creating the methodological support as a means of the successful formation of the foreign language competency; describes researching approaches. The results view the content specifications and didactical structure of a teaching guide, which provides the language competency of the 24.05.07. Aircraft and Helicopter Construction profile students during the professional education. The theoretical and practical relevance is stated in the end of the article.

Gradual Goals of Energy Transformation and Upgrading in China’s Power Industry Considering Production Profiles

As the largest processing sector of primary energy, the transformation and upgrading of the power sector is undoubtedly an effective way to alleviate the situation of energy and environment. This article studies the gradual goals of the transformation and upgrading of China’s power industry, where the conditions of technical judgment, specific profile, and moderate agenda are incorporated. The empirical analysis of China’s provincial power sectors based on the constructed models came to the following results. First, it is of great importance to consider the profile of each region’s power sector in setting energy-saving and emission reduction targets. The analysis of variance demonstrates significant differences in the reference points of inputs and outputs under the 1% confidence level. Second, regardless of the specific quantity, the strongly consistent trends of the short- and long-term targets demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the gradual goals. Finally, realizing the potential of energy-saving and emission reduction needs a gradual pathway instead of accomplishing in one stroke. The targets of this study, which are attainable for the power sector and still represent a best practice, could serve as transitional benchmarks in power supply and emission reduction. To further achieve carbon neutrality, the management strategy to coordinate power supply and renewable energy accommodation needs to be transformed.