Technical Policy Research Articles

The Influence of Micro-Heterogeneity on Water Injection Development in Low-Permeability Sandstone Oil Reservoirs

Micro-heterogeneity in low-permeability sandstone oil reservoirs significantly influences the uniformity of water injection during development. This leads to the formation of preferred channels for water injection, causing premature water breakthroughs in oil wells. Not only does this reduce oil displacement efficiency, but it also enriches residual oil in the formation, which ultimately impacts the overall recovery rate. This study employed various methods, including thin-section casting, qualitative analysis through scanning electron microscopy, quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction, high-pressure mercury intrusion and particle size, and experimental techniques, such as wettability and micro-displacement, to investigate the impact mechanism of micro-heterogeneity on water injection development in low-permeability oil reservoirs. A typical low-permeability sandstone oil reservoir in the Ordos Basin was used as a case study. The results reveal that the reservoir’s micro-heterogeneity is determined by the heterogeneity of the interstitial material, porosity, and particle size. Micro-heterogeneity plays a critical role in the flow characteristics and oil displacement efficiency of low-permeability oil reservoirs. The less the micro-heterogeneity, the better the water injection development outcome. This study suggests a technical policy adjustment method that is critical for guiding the development of low-permeability water injection oil reservoirs, thereby improving the effectiveness of water injection development.

EU Outlook for Biomass Flows and Bio‐based Products

SummaryThe Bioeconomy Strategy Action Plan calls for sustainable extraction, processing, and use of biological resources in Europe as a pathway to achieve environmental, social and economic goals. However, the transition towards sustainable food systems within and across countries is diverse due to the existing heterogeneous land patterns and agricultural production structures, the variety of potential industries competing for specific biomass feedstocks, and the national policy frameworks in place. Therefore, it is key for policymakers to understand how biomass is supplied, and how it flows through the economy and is used for alternative purposes. This calls for tools that can monitor and quantitatively analyse these aspects. BioMAT has projected the annual growth rate of the EU bio‐based chemical production from 2018 to 2030 to be four times higher than its fossil‐based counterpart. The associated net‐availability of industrial sugars in 2030 is quite balanced, but excess demands for starch and plant oils will increase to fulfil requirements of a growing bio‐based chemical sector. As a vast amount of biological feedstock for material use originates from non‐EU regions (e.g. palm oil), sustainable sourcing and a better use of biological residues should be emphasised. Scenario analyses are helpful to consider consequences of assessing different technical pathways or policies.

Does increasing environmental policy stringency enhance renewable energy consumption in OECD countries?

The literature lacks enough evidence on the effect of environmental policy stringency on renewable energy consumption. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the causal effect of the revised version of the Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS) and its components on Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), taking into account environmental innovation, trade openness, economic growth and consumer price index. To this end, we carry out dynamic and static analyses of the yearly data of 32 OECD countries during the period from 1990 to 2019. The two-step system GMM estimator and the forward-orthogonal deviations-GMM technique are used to deal with the potential endogeneity, serial correlation and cross-sectional dependence in the dynamic regression, while the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors technique and quantile regression are employed to estimate the static model. Unlike the existing literature, our results reveal that increasing environmental policy stringency can promote renewable energy. Both market and non-market-based environmental policies and technical support policies show positive effects on green energy use. These results imply that OECD governments can play a vital role in achieving the goal of net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. Increasing the stringency of the policies that put a price on pollution (such as energy taxes) raises the cost of polluted energy use, leading to a shift toward clean energy under the substitution effect. In addition, increasing the public R&D expenditure on solar and wind energy technologies can reduce renewable energy costs and prices, thus facilitating its generation and diffusion.

Politics of expertise in the European Parliament: discursive constructions and contestations of expertise by party-political actors

ABSTRACT This article analyses the politics of expertise in the European Parliament (EP). We aim to understand how MEPs and political group staff discursively construct expertise, its role in parliamentary work, and how expertise is politicized in the EP. The qualitative analysis is based on an extensive interview dataset (n = 133) from the 8th and 9th legislative terms. It builds on a constructivist approach that sees expertise as constructed, legitimized, and institutionalized in discourses and practices and shaped by struggles and power relations. The article shows that expertise in the EP is a political rather than a technical question. Understandings of expertise and its role are constituted and contested, and political ideologies shape understandings of expertise. Although the role of technical policy expertise in the EP is broadly accepted, it is approached through a political lens, and political groups value and use expertise in different ways in internal policymaking.

Bibliometric Analysis: Remote Sensing Applied to Urban Permanent Preservation Areas

Objective: To carry out a Bibliometric Analysis to quantify and evaluate academic publications on Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) in urban contexts, with an emphasis on the use of Remote Sensing. Theoretical framework: This work is based on a bibliometric analysis of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) in urban contexts, with an emphasis on the use of Remote Sensing, and their importance in preserving natural resources, highlighting the need to collect accurate and up-to-date data to support technical studies and public policies. Method: Vosviewer software was used to build bibliometric networks, interactive visualizations and text mining. In addition, the SNA (Social Network Analysis) methodology was applied to examine the relationships between authors, countries and institutions, and VOSviewer was used as the main tool to map and evaluate these connections. Data was collected from the Web of Science database. Results and conclusion: The results covered 525 publications on PPAs and Remote Sensing, where bibliometric analysis highlighted a significant increase in academic interest from 2055 onwards. Brazil leads in publications in the area, with emphasis on the University of São Paulo (USP) and international collaboration. In addition, authors such as Alexandre Rosa dos Santos and Jose Eduardo Macedo Pazzopone are influential in the field. Research implications: The research reveals significant trends in academic production on Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and Remote Sensing in urban contexts. Key findings include the remarkable growth in interest in this topic, reflecting a growing environmental awareness. These findings have implications for managers, researchers, professionals and policymakers aiming at environmental preservation and the promotion of collaborative research. Originality/value: Through the methodology adopted, the study identified emerging trends and highlighted the growing global interest in this theme, reflecting growing environmental awareness and legislative changes. The implications of these findings are significant, not only for researchers, but also for managers, policymakers and practitioners, offering valuable insights for the promotion of more sustainable practices and environmental awareness.

Approach to Modernizing Residential-Dominated District Heating Systems to Enhance Their Flexibility, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Friendliness

The need to modernize existing district heating systems is due to increased requirements for their flexibility, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The technical policy on district heating pursued in different countries centers on the listed goals and takes account of historical, climatic, and regional features of the resource, technology, and economic availability of various thermal energy sources. This study aims to analyze methods designed to improve the flexibility, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness of district heating systems. The focus of the study is district heating system, which provides heating and hot water supply to consumers and consists of various types of thermal energy sources. The work shows the possibility for the heating system to transition from the third generation to the fourth one, which differ in their level of intellectualization. The establishment of an intelligent control system will ensure the interaction of various heat sources, but this is a separate strand of research. In this study, a model and a methodology were developed to optimize the structure of thermal energy sources and their operating conditions when covering the heat load curve of a territory with a predominance of household consumers. Gas-reciprocating and gas-turbine cogeneration plants are considered as the main thermal energy sources, whose efficiency is boosted through their joint operation with electric boilers, thermal energy storage systems, low-grade heat sources, and absorption chillers. The primary emphasis of the study is on the assessment of the environmental benefit to be gained by using cogeneration plants as a factor of enhancing the investment appeal of the district heating systems. The findings suggest that the transition of district heating systems to the next generation is impossible without changing the institutional environment, strengthening the role of active consumers, and introducing intelligent control for district heating systems.

Nauchno-tekhnicheskaya politika Rossii v usloviyah vneshnepoliticheskogo davleniya: istoriko-politologicheskij analiz

The article attempts a historical and political analysis of the scientific and technical policy of Russia at different stages of its history. The author pays special attention to the international policy context of this policy direction. According to the author, in the history of Russia, attempts have been made repeatedly to exert international pressure to isolate it, including in the scientific and technological sphere.

Problems of Implementation of the State Scientific and Technical Policy to Support Science Cities and Territories with a High Concentration of Scientific and Technological Potential

The article presents the results of the analysis of statistical data on the functioning of the system of science cities, as well as the results of monitoring the performance of science cities, the study of financial tools for supporting science cities. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals were formulated to improve the measures of state support for science cities.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Kerupuk Sagu Di Desa Pulau Banjar Kari,Kecamatan Kuantan Tengah, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Sago cracker MSMEs still produce sago to the extent of the household industry, simple processing technology and lack of promotion of sago crackers. The research objective was to analyze the internal and external environment of sago cracker MSMEs, formulate and determine technical strategies and policies for the development of sugo cracker MSMEs in Kuanta Singingi Regency. This research was conducted by survey with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Qualitative descriptive using IFE and EFE matrix while qualitative descriptive wing SWOT method. The total internal factor evaluation (IFE) score was 2.6694 and the total external factor evaluation (EFE) score was 2.9857. The GE matrix results in sago cracker MSMEs located in quadrant (hold and maintain), namely market and product development. The resulting strategies for the development of sago cracker MSMEs are a MSMEs have a long-term development strategy by The experience of MSM owners has been on busmess for a long time, c) Policy and political support for the development of MSMEX d) MSMEs get guidance from the government, dy Participate in exhibitions and expus organized by the government both inside and outside the area. e) Product diversification and innovation by utilizing trend models in the community Marketing strategies to communities, inibes religions and other segments of society. ) Carrying out product mapping so that the product innovations produced cannot be imitated, h) Product penetration marketing strategies through discounts and price reductions, i) Digitalization strategy for marketing MSME products to reach a wider market. Develop partnerships between business actors in product and market development andk) Establishing partnerships with raw material suppliers

Взаимодействие власти и общества при формировании государственной научно-технической политики РФ в современных условиях: системно-динамический подход

The content of this article is the use of a system-dynamic approach as a tool for studying the interaction be-tween government and society in the formation and development of the state scientific and technological policy of the Russian Federation. Events taking place in the modern world, associated with attempts to isolate and impose sanctions on the part of a number of Western European countries and the American side, including in the scientific and technological sphere, as well as the formation of a negative image of Russia in the interna-tional political arena, have prompted changes and revision of the previously adopted educational system based on the Bologna system of education. At the present stage of development of the political system, we can observe the process of formation of a sovereign and independent state scientific and technological policy. Practical experience, combined with the theoretical knowledge possessed by experts, contributes to the for-mation and implementation of an effective public policy in this area that takes into account the modern realities. The advantages of using a systemic dynamic approach as a research tool are its coverage and consideration of modern realities in the study of the formation of state science and technology policy. The use of a system-dynamic approach allows us to identify a number of problems and features, as well as build ways to solve them, based on the analysis carried out within the framework of the formation of the state scientific and tech-nical policy of the Russian Federation.

Implementasi Kebijakan Rekrutmen PPPK Teknis Kota Sawahlunto Tahun 2022

This article discusses the Indonesian government's efforts to address the needs of ASN employees, as well as the number of honorary employees who have served for years but have not been able to be appointed as ASN employees. By understanding the efforts, steps, and policies implemented by the government, it can be assessed the strategy for recruiting employees other than PNS, namely PPPK employees. The writing of this article uses a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. Meanwhile, the data collection technique used was a literature study that utilized books, journal articles, newspapers, online news, and websites of related institutions. The important findings from this paper are first, the government's response to the problem of employee needs with the PPPK Technical acceptance policy. Second, coordination is carried out by the regional government with the central government regarding the formation of technical staff needs. Third, the ability of honorary employees who have not met the competency standards applied by the supervisory agency, so that after the procurement of Technical PPPK employees has not been maximized. It can be seen from the number of selection participants who did not pass the threshold value, as a result the formation was left vacant by the government. These factors complicate the government's efforts to reformulate ASN employees.
 Keywords: Honorary, Policy, PPPK, Recruitment.

Planned Innovations: Proposals for Enhancing Inventiveness Efficiency in USSR in Mid-1950s to Late 1960s

The article analyzes proposals for the activation of inventive and rationalizing activities in the mid-1950s to the 1960s, as well as measures to stimulate the implementation of inventions in production. The study examines archival documents of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Rationalizers. The main problems of mass inventiveness and rationalization development, as well as the characteristic features of the system of scientific and technical progress management in the USSR, are identified. The key role of the state in supporting various forms of inventive activity is emphasized. It is established that the centralized system of invention management corresponded to the idea of the need for a comprehensive approach to managing scientific and technical progress. However, it is noted that numerous restructuring of the state management system during the studied period, departmentalization, and the lack of a unified state scientific and technical policy reduced the effectiveness of the measures taken. The complex tasks aimed at increasing the efficiency of inventiveness and rationalization are described. The conclusion is drawn about the understanding by the officials of the leading bodies of the problems of innovative development in the USSR. This is confirmed by attempts to develop a comprehensive program to stimulate inventive activity and expedite the implementation of inventions in production.

Enhancing Academic Cybersecurity: Integrated Framework with Network Penetration Testing

This study explores the realm of academic cybersecurity, focusing on the development of a comprehensive framework for network penetration testing tailored specifically to the academic environment. Cybersecurity in academia is of paramount importance, given the wealth of sensitive data and intellectual property stored within academic institutions. The objective of this research is to integrate technical assessments, user education, and policy recommendations into a holistic framework that addresses the unique challenges faced by academic networks. Respondents emphasized the importance of a comprehensive framework, with a focus on identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities (92.7%) and enhancing overall network security and data protection (82.9%). The proactive approach to threat identification (85.4%) and user education (85.4%) were also highly regarded. Regarding technical assessments, vulnerability scanning (80.5%) and penetration testing (75.6%) were considered highly effective methods. Respondents largely recommended quarterly assessments (73.2%) to maintain a proactive security posture. User education was deemed extremely important (70.7%), with training workshops or seminars (87.8%) emerging as the preferred method to promote cybersecurity awareness. Additionally, there was recognition of the significance of data protection and encryption (97.6%), access control and user privileges (87.8%), and security awareness training requirements (80.5%) in cybersecurity policies tailored to academia

Political and Legal Nature of Sanctions Restrictions in The Field of Publication Activity of Russian Scientists

This article is devoted to the study of theoretical and legal ideas about scientific sanctions and their political and legal nature, as well as an analysis of their impact on the publication activity of Russian scientists in foreign publications.
 In modern conditions of geopolitical and geo-economic turbulence, sanctions policy has a restraining effect on the development of scientific and technological potential. In this connection, the purpose of the study is to conceptually generalize the legal nature of scientific sanctions, identify existing barriers to international scientific and technical cooperation and find ways to overcome them.
 Sanctions policy is represented by various forms of generating difficulties in the sphere of participation of certain states in international network collaborations and established forms of cooperation. The legal basis of sanctions policy is the unilateral termination of contractual relations, which causes damage not only to the state against which sanctions are imposed, but also to the state that imposes sanctions.
 As a way to respond to sanctions challenges in the field of scientific and technological development, the dynamic development and implementation of innovative measures to support the national scientific and scientific-technical sector is proposed.
 As measures to increase the publication activity of Russian scientists in foreign publications, it is seen, first of all, the need to form and implement a special state policy as an integral part of the state scientific and technical policy in the field of international cooperation, since its development in these conditions cannot be limited only to the initiatives of scientific subjects and scientific and technical activities. In particular, it seems possible to change the geographical directions of international scientific and technical cooperation. This also involves encouraging friendly countries to harmonize foreign and domestic policies in the field of science, technology and innovation, as well as to harmonize national legislation and improve the functioning of organizational and legal mechanisms of cooperation.

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY LEGAL STRATEGY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Science must serve society, and it is through law that the attitude of the state to scientific activity is formulated, its social goal-setting is expressed, and the interests and requirements associated with obtaining a socially significant scientific effect are fixed. In modern realities, accelerated scientific and technological progress is becoming a historical imperative for the successful development of Russian statehood, and domestic jurisprudence must offer an effective legal strategy for scientific and technological development. Based on constitutional principles, the article discusses some of the main aspects of this strategy regarding its categorical apparatus, value-ideological and structural-economic orientation, organizational-administrative and spatial-territorial components. Proposals and approaches aimed at improving the legislative basis of the state scientific and technical policy are formulated.

Processing of organic waste by electrohydroimpulse method

The article considers the regularities, parameters of technology and installations for electrohydroimpulse extraction of fat from bone mass. To date, the growth of production and increasing its efficiency in industriesprocessing agricultural raw materials largely depends not only on raw materials and their quality, but also on the completeness of extraction of valuable components. Reducing the loss of the extracted product in production, for example, sugar, starch, fat, can significantly increase the yield of finished products when using optimal extraction methods and methods. The result is powerful hydraulic shocks with pressure pulses sufficient to break the bonds, retain fat cells in the tissue and destroy the cells themselves. This article discusses the technology of extracting fat from bones. The priority direction of technical policy in the agroindustrial complex, as well as in the light and food industries, is currently the development of a system of operational and promising measures to provide agricultural producers with high-quality, environmentally friendly, safe and highly reliable equipment. The dominant and extremely unfavorable production conditions force the manufacturer not to process, but to sell raw materials.

The Use and Non-Use of Technology During Hurricanes

Hurricanes can cause catastrophic damage; it is critical for those affected to access information about conditions, loved ones, and resources. Prior work in the HCI and CSCW communities has focused on how social media can be vital during natural disasters; non-social media technologies have been under-researched. To understand how technology other than social media can support or harm people during crises, we explore hurricane survivors' use and disuse of multiple kinds of technologies in online surveys with 138 US participants. We find substantial technology use supporting survivors' comfort and safety other than social media. We also observe that designing technologies for high-resource environments--as with many mainstream apps--causes users to decrease use of potentially critical technologies during utility outages, which are common during hurricanes. With themes of both (a) broad technology use and (b) conditions preventing technology use, we make recommendations for technical design, policy, and research to empower communities susceptible to hurricanes.

Genetic resources and genetic technologies for the development of the Northern Territories: on the results of the Second Conference (March 13–15, 2023)

A series of events in honor of the centenary of the Polar Experiment Station of VIR founded by Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, was opened by the Second Scientific Conference “Genetic Resources and Genetic Technologies for the Development of Northern Territories”, which took place on March 13-15, 2023. The objective of the Conference was to provide a regular platform for the exchange of experience, consolidation of efforts and development of interdisciplinary approaches between specialists – geneticists, resource scientists and biotechnologists, as well as specialists from related areas of biology, medicine and other sciences, whose joint efforts are aimed at increasing the demand for bio-resource collections and the role of genetic technologies in the development of the northern regions of the country. The Conference was organized by the Federal Research Centre the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders (VOGiS), the Russian Geographical Society (RGS), Scientific Council on Genetics and Breeding of the RAS, Scientific Council of RAS for the Studies of the Arctic and Antarctic, and the Russian Botanical Society (RBS). The Conference was held online. The program of the Conference included three sections: “Effective Development of Northern Agriculture: Genetic Resources of Agricultural Plants and Microorganisms, Genetic Technologies and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Farm Animals, Marine Mammals and Commercial Fish in the Far North: Conservation and Study of Genetic Resources, Breeding and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Health and Longevity of the Population in Northern Territories: Genetic and Interdisciplinary Studies (Including Model Organisms)”, as well as a Round Table “Expeditionary Research in the Arctic and Northern Regions of Russia: Experience of Young Scientists”. Altogether, five plenary presentations, one evening lecture and 23 section reports were made. Genetic, genomic and omics research using valuable genetic resources of plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as human biomaterials, including bio-resource ex situ collections from regions with extreme nature and climate conditions is the basis for acquiring knowledge, creating a set of tools and developments that contribute to socio-economic development and security in the Arctic, addressing health-saving issues, improving the quality of life of the population and partial food self-sufficiency of the regions of the North and the Arctic. The development of these aspects is important for the implementation of the State scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation, considering the Presidential Decrees 164 of March 5, 2020, and 645 of October 26, 2020. The article presents the main trends announced at the Conference and publishes the Resolution adopted by the Conference.

The concept of the development of the mechanism of reputational responsibility of the organization within the framework of a new model of scientific attestation

The subject of the study is the concept of developing a mechanism for the reputational responsibility of organizations endowed with the rights provided for in paragraph 3.1 of Article 4 of the Federal Law from August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ "On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy".The purpose of the article is to propose specific tools for the implementation of the mechanism of reputational responsibility of organizations with the right to independently award academic degrees. The article examines the method of self-examination of the certification model of the organization, indicators of its effectiveness, and also provides proposals for the development of indicators for monitoring the activities of dissertation councils of organizations with the right to independently award academic degrees.The use of general logical research methods, including analysis and synthesis, the formal legal and comparative legal methods, allowed the authors to come to the following conclusions: (1) for the effective conduct of self-examination in each organization, it is advisable to adopt local regulations that approve the regulation on the procedure for conducting selfexamination and the report on the conduct of self-examination; (2) the list of information and data given in the article to be assessed during self-examination is exemplary, and can be expanded taking into account the characteristics of a scientific or educational organization; (3) organizations can be recommended to distribute digests about the dissertations defended, their real contribution to the development of science to leading educational and scientific organizations, and post them in free access on the official website of the organization. They may also contain information about self-examination and monitoring of dissertation councils, scientific attestation processes, other information that contributes to the formation of a stable positive image of the organization, the scientific community's trust in its certification model. It is substantiated that, within the framework of the new model of scientific attestation, the development of the institution of reputational responsibility of organizations with the right to independently award scientific degrees is the key to ensuring the quality of reproducible scientific personnel.

Procedural climate justice: Conceptualizing a polycentric solution to a global problem

This article introduces a conceptual framework for climate governance. It provides an insight into how a system of governance can cope with the uncertainty and pluralism that are prevalent in climate governance. In our framework, we combine polycentric climate governance, procedural climate justice and directed technical change policy. We show that following norms of procedural justice can enhance the desired properties of polycentric systems. In turn, polycentric systems are a suitable environment for fulfilling procedural justice norms. As to the policy dimension: There is reason to assume that innovation and adaptation policies work well in polycentric systems, while carbon pricing relies more strongly on a global treaty to be effective. And innovation and adaptation profit from procedural justice norms being followed. Polycentrism, procedural justice, and innovation and adaptation policy all possess specific properties that can cope very well with a complex environment where there is positive uncertainty about the future and many parties with different normative outlooks. They combine to a system that is flexible and adaptable over time. This constitutes the particular strength of our conceptual system as a framework for climate governance, policy, and research.