Innovative Techniques Research Articles

The Economics of the Global Energy Challenge

This lecture argues that, rather than facing an isolated climate change challenge, the world must confront the Global Energy Challenge (GEC) that requires all countries to make trade-offs between three often competing and interrelated goals: inexpensive and reliable energy, clean air, and limiting damages from climate change. I present seven facts that help illuminate the contours of the GEC and the interactions between the three goals. Finally, it concludes by outlining potential solutions: pricing energy at its full social cost, investing in technical and policy innovation, improving information on pollution and climate damages, and treating energy as a private good.

Hormonal and circuit mechanisms controlling female sexual behavior.

Sexual behavior is crucial for reproduction in many animals. In many vertebrates, females exhibit sexual behavior only during a brief period surrounding ovulation. Over the decades, studies have identified the roles of ovarian sex hormones, which peak in levels around the time of ovulation, and the critical brain regions involved in the regulation of female sexual behavior. Modern technical innovations have enabled a deeper understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms controlling this behavior. In this review, I summarize our current knowledge and discuss the neural circuit mechanisms by which female sexual behavior occurs in association with the ovulatory phase of their cycle.

The pragmatics of free choice <em>any</em>

In this paper, I examine previous claims by Menéndez-Benito (2005; 2010) and Dayal (2013) that You may read any book entails Every book may be read on its own. In light of several key counterexamples, including those raised by Chierchia (2013) and Szabolcsi (2019), I argue that this is not an entailment at all, but a particularly robust implicature that arises in the pragmatics. In order to derive this implicature, I combine Szabolcsi’s semantics for universal free choice items (FCIs) with a formal pragmatic model in the Rational Speech Act (RSA) framework. I update Champollion et al.’s (2019) RSA model of free choice with technical innovations from Franke & Bergen (2020) to model how a listener interprets an utterance containing the universal FCI any given a range of possible exhaustified parses. This pragmatic model predicts the robustness of the implicature observed by Menéndez-Benito and Dayal, and further predicts that it is more stable across varied contexts than other implicatures arising from the same utterance.

Yangtze and the Rhine, two Major Rivers Systems

This introduction to the articles about the Rhine and the Yangtze as well as transport on these rivers emphasizes how innovation plays a role throughout both subjects for this collection. In two articles here, this innovation took the form of the movement of a capitalist, business mentality from the coastal areas, where there was already plenty of seafaring and trade, to the interior via the river. In the eighteenth century, this was the case both along the Rhine and along the Yangtze as can be seen from the articles by Ralf Banken and Yao Chen. The articles by Blussé and Klemann, rather, focus on more concrete technical innovation. Blussé shows how similar circumstances, independently of each other, led to similar technical innovations in the Yangtze and Rhine deltas. Klemann looks at the consequences of nineteenthcentury mechanization for Rhine navigation, especially for the small Rhine skippers.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Legal Practice and Ethics

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing many sectors by upending traditional methods of task execution. This wave of technical innovation is not exclusive to the legal profession. Even while AI isn't quite ready to take the position of human attorneys, it is already revolutionizing the legal profession. This essay will examine the advantages, difficulties, and possible ramifications of artificial intelligence for the legal profession.

Examining the role of digitalization and technological innovation in promoting sustainable natural resource exploitation

In the era of technological advancement, the potential of digitalization and technical innovation to revolutionize sustainable resource exploitation has become a focal point. The promises of reduced environmental impact, heightened efficiency, and improved socio-economic outcomes underscore the transformative power that digitalization holds for resource management. To this extent, the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) methods are used to examine challenges and come up with possible solutions for the mining sector in Pakistan to adopt digital transformation. The study identifies several key challenges, sub-challenges, and strategies, giving readers a thorough grasp of digital transformation. These challenges and sub-challenges are evaluated and ranked according to their relative weights using the fuzzy AHP approach. The fuzzy VIKOR method is applied to determine strategies that can help overcome these challenges and promote digitalization and technological innovation in the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The results of fuzzy AHP show that policy and regulation, infrastructure, and human capital are key challenges. The findings of fuzzy VIKOR indicate that robust policy development, investment in Research and Development (R&D), and leveraging global trends and partnerships are key strategies to overcome the challenges. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, offering new perspectives on integrating digital technology into the natural resource sector to foster sustainable development.

Review on the technical catch-up paradigm

Technological innovation plays an increasingly prominent role in the process of economic development, and it should be based on technological innovation in developing the catch-up strategy. On the basis of sorting out the existing technology catch-up path, and according to some cases of domestic and foreign technology catch-up, the general mode of late-development enterprises and countries in the process of catch-up technology catch-up, that is, early jump-middle follow-later creation. The whole catch-up process should take learning, digesting and introducing technology, improving technical ability and enhancing independent innovation ability as the main line. Whether the path jumping, path following or path creation technology catch-up path can only become part of the whole catch-up process.

Beyond technology acceptance-a focused ethnography on the implementation, acceptance and use of new nursing technology in a German hospital.

Hospitalised patients could benefit from the emergence of novel technologies for nursing care. There are numerous technical products available, but these rarely find their way into practice. Further knowledge is required about the circumstances under which technology in nursing is accepted and used. In the research project "Centre for Implementing Nursing Care Innovations", technical innovations are implemented on a trauma surgery inpatient ward in Germany. After implementation, it was investigated: Which implemented technologies are accepted/rejected, and which factors influence the acceptance/rejection of technology for nurses? A focused ethnography was used, containing two approaches: First, participant observation was conducted to examine nurses' and patients' interaction with technologies. Observations were fixed in a field research diary and analysed using evaluative qualitative content analysis. Second, a questionnaire was used by nurses to provide information about the use frequency and technology suitability. The results of the study were consolidated and analysed using the UTAUT model. Seven studied technologies can be summarised in four result categories: (1) A Mobilising mattress, a Special projector and a Sound pillow are accepted and used by nurses and patients, because they offer a way to provide high quality care with little additional effort. (2) A Fall prevention system is consistently used in patient care as a work obligation, but since nurses consider the system error-prone, acceptance is low. (3) An Interactive therapy ball is accepted but nurses cannot use it due to the high workload. (4) An App for nurse-patient communication and a work-equipment tracking system are not used or accepted because nurses do not see a practical benefit in the systems. Acceptance or rejection of a product does not necessarily equate to use or non-use of the technology. Before implementation, technology acceptance among users occurs as prejudice-when users are given time to experiment with technology, intention-to-use can stabilize into sustained use. Accepted and used technologies can serve to mask problems (such as staff shortages) and encourage problematic developments, such as the reduction of contact time at the bedside. Therefore, technology acceptance should be qualified in asking to what accepted technology contributes.

Unveiling the power of education, political stability and ICT in shaping technological innovation in BRI nations

Technological innovation is a critical element of economic and environmental sustainability; thus, the promotion of technological innovation in the economy has gained an apex among policy makers. The study's impetus is to measure the effect of investments in information and communication technology (ICT), education, and political stability on technical innovation in BRI countries for 2004–2020. In the process of documenting the empirical nexus through the implementation of novel panel techniques commonly known as Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR), continuously updated fully modified" (Cup-FM) and continuously updated bias-corrected (Cup-BC). The results of the slope of heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependency test, and panel cointegration test have revealed the presence of heterogeneity, all the research variables possessed certain common dynamics, and, most importantly presence of long-run association. The study documented the coefficients of ICT, education and Political stability are positive and statistically significant, indicating a contributory effect in fostering technological innovation in BRI nations. The findings emphasize the importance of upholding political stability, directing resources toward education, and fostering an environment that encourages innovation through the integration of information and communication technology (ICT). The study also highlights how critical it is to bring in FDI and use it to your advantage in order to boost tech development and the economy.

Computational optical sensing and imaging: introduction to the feature issue

This joint feature issue of Optics Express and Applied Optics showcases technical innovations by participants of the 2023 topical meeting on Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging and the computational imaging community. The articles included in the feature issue highlight advances in imaging science that emphasize synergistic activities in optics, signal processing and machine learning. The issue features 26 contributed articles that cover multiple themes including non line-of-sight imaging, imaging through scattering media, compressed sensing, lensless imaging, ptychography, computational microscopy, spectroscopy and optical metrology.

Paradigm shifts of climate science for climate solutions

Climate science is an indispensable part of climate solutions, and an era of climate actions necessitates certain paradigm shifts of climate science to better support viable climate actions and solutions. Three paradigm shifts are exemplified, namely (1) transcending the boundaries between physical science basis, adaptation, and mitigation; (2) embracing the synergy between climate science and technical innovations for effective climate solutions; and (3) shifting the paradigm from equilibrium climate dynamics toward non-equilibrium dynamics of climate/Earth systems. Beyond the application-driven and solution-oriented studies, curiosity-driven theoretical research is emphasized in the shift toward non-equilibrium climate/Earth systems-tipping elements, abrupt climate changes, and extremes-which may open avenues for new discoveries not only within climate science but also in mathematics, physics, and complex systems science.

Searching for Dairy Farm Resilience with the R4D Project: Innovation Needs to Be Sustainable

Farms face new challenges due to both climate change and the influence of economic, social, and institutional factors. The study examines the key aspects of the resilience of dairy farms that, if in place, can ensure their sustainable functioning. The purpose of the article is to diagnose and classify the main needs for strengthening the resilience of dairy farms. In implementing the research, an interdisciplinary approach developed within the framework of the Resilience for Dairy (R4D) project was used. The results of the research reveal differences in the classification of key needs to strengthen resilience by stakeholder groups. Farmers reported a need for solutions that increase their income and production flexibility. The other groups of respondents focused on reducing antibiotic use and improving resource efficiency and environmental protection. The analysis of key needs classifications among respondent groups, segmented by age, and the comparison of needs between respondents from Western European and Central and Eastern European countries showed minor differences, indicating a similarity in the perceived importance of needs. The study also identified needs perceived by respondents as essential to increasing dairy farm resilience. These primarily include the following: the work–life balance of farmers, effective communication with the community, and implementation of technical innovations related to dairy farming.

Role of Government and Private Sector on Agribusiness Development: Comparison between the USA and Bangladesh

This comparative research explores the intricate roles of government and the private sector in the growth of agribusiness, analyzing the different approaches used by the USA and Bangladesh. The prevailing paradigm in the USA is market-driven, with an emphasis on private sector dominance, technical innovation, and large-scale agricultural. Bangladesh, on the other hand, takes a hybrid strategy to addressing socioeconomic difficulties, combining government interventions and private efforts with a focus on smallholder empowerment. Divergent tactics, problems, and outcomes in agribusiness growth are revealed by the investigation. Both countries are concerned about concerns such as sustainable practices, market access, and infrastructure. Context-specific solutions, customized to each country's particular socioeconomic context, emerge as critical. The study emphasizes the importance of government and private sector collaboration in fostering resilient and sustainable agribusiness ecosystems, providing useful insights for global agricultural development policy.

Judicial Libraries in the Information Era: In the 21st Century, Role-Smart Law Librarians

The majority of legal studies take place in libraries. This paper discussed the services the judicial library helps legal practitioners render to members of the bar and bench. In the 21st century, information law plays a vital role and is the lifeblood of legal professionals. The "information age," also referred to as the "computer age," is defined by an explosion of information and fast technical innovation. This technological progress is the trend that is currently influencing legal research, teaching, and study. There are many social media platforms available today, but legal librarians in academic contexts face significant hurdles when users of their libraries find and use these technologies. In order to keep the library up-to-date and maintain a positive rapport with patrons, a librarian working in a library needs to possess a variety of skills, including curation, leadership, subject expertise in law, and research and technology abilities. The author outlines the competencies needed for a legal librarian in the digital age in this paper. This paper centers on them. On the issues raised, recommendations were made.

The Innovation System in Transformation

In the light of the pressing global challenges, our need for innovation has dramatically changed. Instead of technical innovation alone, we need solutions on a much larger scale as well. The text analyses the transformation of the discourse on innovation in the last two decades, trying to illustrate the progressive shift of meanings, actors and tools involved in the process and what caused it. In the last decade, a slow mutation has occurred from the concept of creative and critical practice in the hands of creative individuals to creativity-driven innovation brought by the whole Cultural and Creative Sector and Industries (CCSI), and promoted by the establishment of the new EIT Culture & Creativity Knowledge Innovation Community in 2023. Nowadays, the debate on how to improve innovation and competitiveness must shift the attention from subjects and objects to support structures and ecosystems. Thanks to the analysis of case-studies, four possible contemporary design approaches to innovation have been identified: advanced design innovation, responsible innovation, knowledge innovation, cross-sectoral innovation. The selected case-studies and an interview with a Swedish artist illustrate the role of universities, research centres and public labs as structures supporting cross-sectorial innovation including CCSI in their research since the beginning.

Traffic Rules Violation Detection using Dashcam Footage

Traffic Rules Violation Detection using Dashcam Video Footage offers a novel strategy for improving traffic management and road safety through automated violation identification and reporting. The project's goal is to create a video processing system that can use dashcam data to identify and classify frequent traffic infractions. The system can recognize traffic infractions including speeding, lane changes without signaling, helmet recognition, and instances of triple riding on two-wheelers with high accuracy thanks to its integration of YOLO, OpenCV and RESNET50 classifier. The project also includes functionality for user account management and the implementation of a secure user authentication system. Users can examine and validate complete violation reports generated by the system prior to submission. The outcomes show a low false positive rate, rapid real-time processing, and good detection accuracy. Law enforcement organizations have shown. This initiative is an example of how important technical innovation is to solving societal issues and advancing public safety. Key Words: YOLO (You Only Look Once), OpenCV, ResNet50 (Residual Neural Network), Dashcam Video Footage.

Implementation of import substitution of high-tech equipment for the concrete industry at the enterprise

The article presents a description of the stages of work and technical innovations of a domestic equipment manufacturer in the concrete industry under sanctions. The need to create our own equipment and components allowed production to reach a new level.

Technical innovation, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in the USA: a cross-quantile approach.

This study investigates whether technological innovation and the consumption of renewable energy tend to reduce the emissions of CO2 in the USA by analyzing datasets from January 2010 to May 2022. The main contribution to this study is that we applied a cross-quantile approach, which possesses several strengths compared to other methods used for directional predictability. The empirical results of this research can be concluded as three points: (1) both the consumption of renewable energy and technological innovation significantly and negatively impacted the emissions of CO2 in the short run (i.e., 1month) across high quantiles, which gradually diminished over time (i.e., 3months, 12months, and 24months), implying that technological innovation and the consumption of renewable energy possess a short-lived effect on CO2 emissions, respectively; (2) this relationship remains significant for causal links spanning 1 and 3months and 1 and 2years when the consumption of renewable energy and technological innovation are treated as control variables respectively; (3) a recursive cross-quantilogram was constructed to support further our findings, which showed that the consumption of renewable energy and technological innovation tend to negatively impact the emissions of CO2 across all quantiles. These results imply that an increase in the consumption of renewable energy and technological innovation can curb CO2 emissions in the USA; these effects tend to be more lasting when technological innovation and the consumption of renewable energy are combined. Therefore, future policies focused on curbing the emissions of CO2 should pay attention to the combined effect, which is the promotion of technological innovation and the exploitation of renewable energy sources in the USA.

Design and implementation of the Our Health Counts (OHC) methodology for First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (FNIM) health assessment and response in urban and related homelands.

Methods for enumeration and population-based health assessment for First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (FNIM) living in Canadian cities are underdeveloped, with resultant gaps in essential demographic, health, and health service access information. Our Health Counts (OHC) was designed to engage FNIM peoples in urban centres in "by community, for community" population health assessment and response. The OHC methodology was designed to advance Indigenous self-determination and FNIM data sovereignty in urban contexts through deliberate application of Indigenous principles and linked implementation strategies. Three interwoven principles (good relationships are foundational; research as gift exchange; and research as a vehicle for Indigenous community resurgence) provide the framework for linked implementation strategies which include actively building and maintaining relationships; meaningful Indigenous community guidance, leadership, and participation in all aspects of the project; transparent and equitable sharing of project resources and benefits; and technical innovations, including respondent-driven sampling, customized comprehensive health assessment surveys, and linkage to ICES data holdings to generate measures of health service use. OHC has succeeded across six urban areas in Ontario to advance Indigenous data sovereignty and health assessment capacity; recruit and engage large population-representative cohorts of FNIM living in urban and related homelands; customize comprehensive health surveys and data linkages; generate previously unavailable population-based FNIM demographic, health, and social information; and translate results into enhanced policy, programming, and practice. The OHC methodology has been demonstrated as effective, culturally relevant, and scalable across diverse Ontario cities.

Watching the sunrise on our ocean planet in a new era of marine science

Abstract Over the last 30 years, ocean sciences have been undergoing a technological revolution. Changes include the transition of autonomous platforms from being interesting engineering projects to being critical tools for scientists studying a range of processes at sea. My career has benefitted immensely from these technical innovations, allowing me to be at sea (virtually) 365 days a year and operate ocean networks globally. While these technical innovations have opened many research doors, many aspects of oceanography are unchanged. In my experience, working/talking/scheming with scientists is most effective face-to-face. Despite the growing capabilities of robotic platforms, we will still need to go to sea on ships to conduct critical experiments. As the responsibilities of scientists expand with mandated outreach efforts, I strongly urge young scientists to leverage the expertise of Broader Impact professionals, who are increasingly available to our community, in order to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of our outreach efforts. Given the increasing observations of change occurring in the ocean, our work is ever-more important while still being fun. I am blessed to have had a career as an oceanographer exploring this planet.