Technical Development Program Research Articles

The Impact of Science and Technology on Careers Industrialization and Modernization in Vietnam

These days, science and technology are the primary drivers of development and the direct producers of the world economy. Every nation must have specific scientific and technical development strategies and programs for each particular period that are appropriate for its circumstances and material conditions, depending on its level of development. Nonetheless, the most noteworthy conclusion to be drawn from the strategies and policies is that every country in the world, from the most developed to the least developed, stated: "The development of science and technology is an important new direction, decisive in the development of the national economy..." As a result, research on the effects of science and technology is crucial for all nations, but Vietnam in particular.

Regarding the Methods of Selecting Crop Varieties by Agricultural Producers

The authors have developed their own methodology of comparative analysis of varieties which consists of comparing varieties of the same lines, types, ripening periods within the region, selecting the main economically useful characteristics of the crop, the most important for agricultural producers (information is taken from the description of the variety in the State Register), highlighting the maximum achieved values and transition from physical values to indices, their summation. Evaluation of varieties and hybrids created within the framework of the Federal scientific and technical development program using the proposed methodology showed their competitiveness.

The effectiveness of a technical skills development program in motivating Saudi women to start small projects

The purpose of this study is to examine how effective a program is in improving technical skills, particularly in graphic design, for Saudi women who are interested in starting small businesses. An observation card was utilized and given to a group of Saudi women involved in small ventures. The research found the average performance of women engaged in emerging small and medium-sized businesses in Saudi Arabia, both before and after using the observation card that focuses on technical and graphic design skills, aimed at encouraging Saudi women to initiate small businesses. Additionally, it highlighted a statistically significant relationship, with a significance level of (α ≤ 0.05), between the performance scores of these women on the observation card and their individual skill levels. The study suggests increasing support for small business sectors and recognizes graphic design companies as potential small businesses worthy of assistance.

FORMATION OF FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The problem of food security in Ukraine today is more urgent than ever. Due to the intervention of the aggressor country in the socio-economic and political processes of Ukraine, the constant displacement of the population within the country and large-scale migration abroad, the destruction of infrastructure and other reasons, there is a negative impact on the production and stability of commodity agriculture and agro-industrial complex, including the impact on production of agricultural machinery and equipment, processing of agricultural raw materials, production of fertilizers, agrochemicals and other materials necessary for agriculture and providing citizens with food in general. The article examines the current problem of food security formation in Ukraine in the context of European integration. The current state of the food security system in the country was analyzed and the main challenges faced by Ukraine in the process of integration with the European Union were revealed. Particular attention is paid to the risks and technical aspects associated with the formation of food security in the context of European integration. The influence of the European integration process on the development of agriculture, in particular, the increase in export opportunities and the use of modern technologies, is considered. Strategies for improving food security in Ukraine through legislative changes and training of relevant specialists are proposed. It is recommended to introduce the effective agricultural methods that would reduce the impact on the environment and contribute to the preservation of the soil fertility, efficient use of water resources, improvement of transport and logistics infrastructure, investment to scientific research, development of scientific and technical development programs, etc. The article highlights the standards and requirements that are relevant in the EU in the formation of food security, and examines their impact on the Ukrainian economic system. The need to adapt national legislation to European standards was considered, and recommendations were made for improving the system of quality control and food safety.

Designing a paradigm model for sport-based health development among students

Background and aims: The consequences of health development with the exercise approach affect the 4 dimensions of physical, mental, economic, and social health. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive model to determine the contributing factors, strategies, and outcomes of sport-based health development (SBHD). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through interviews with 24 experts and authorities in health, sports, and health development who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking and peer debriefing. Results: Four hundred codes were drawn during open coding and were grouped into 127 subcategories during axial coding and nineteen main categories during selective coding. The nineteen categories were assigned to the five main dimensions of the paradigm model of grounded theory. The causal conditions of SBHD were personal, cultural, and social factors; its contextual conditions were attitudinal and attitudinal factors, media, planning, and legal factors; and its intervening conditions were environmental, infrastructural, interactional, and managerial factors. Its strategies were infrastructural development, attitudinal development, technical development, and support programs and its outcomes were improvement of physical health, financial development, social development, and improvement of mental health. Conclusion: Health and sport managers and authorities need to provide an appropriate context to facilitate engagement in sports among all individuals.

An Analysis on the Influence of R&D Fiscal and Tax Subsidies on Regional Innovation Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China

To promote the National Mid-andLong-Term Scientific and Technical Development Program, utilizing the technical innovation data from 30 provinces of China from2002–2016, this paper evaluates the inter-provincial differences of China’s regional innovation efficiency from four aspects of technical efficiency, efficiency index change, returns to scale, and projection analysis by using the DEA-Malmquist index method and constructs of the DEA-Tobit random response model to explore the impact of government funding on regional innovation efficiency. The research results show that: (1) The local development of regional innovation efficiency in China is unbalanced, and the level of pure technical efficiency restricts the improvement of innovation efficiency. (2) In the prophase of the scientific and technical development plan, technological progress has led to the growth of total factor productivity, resulting in the formation of scale effect; in the later stage, the scale return shows an overall increasing trend, and the continuous expansion of technological scale and opportunities has improved the regional innovation efficiency. (3) The R&D fiscal and tax subsidies have policy sustainability, and the direct government funding can significantly improve innovation efficiency, while the enterprises investment is opposite, and the pretax additional deduction has a negative but not significant impact. The government should give priority to direct subsidy and supplemented by tax preference, making reasonable policy allocations to expand the policy effect.

REGULATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. The regional aspect of regulating the innovative development of Ukraine's economy is an important and topical issue. The innovation potential of the regions is the main component of the effective functioning of enterprises, industries and is a basic characteristicі of their innovation. The purpose of this article is to study the components of the regulation of regional innovation development. Results. Today in Ukraine there is a rapid rise in unemployment and impoverishment of the population, which threatens significant social upheavals, so it is necessary to implement measures that can change the economic situation in the country for the better. One of such anti-crisis measures is the innovative development of regions and enterprises of the country. Regional innovation development is usually declared in many state and regional programs and projects of scientific, technical and innovative development programs. However, it was found that more than 50% of all innovative developments in Ukraine are in five regions: Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporzhizhia and Lviv regions, as well as the capital of our country, Kyiv. As for other regions of Ukraine, they are reluctant to allocate funds for the research and development, in particular Volyn, Donetsk, Rivne, Ternopil and Khmelnytsky regions. The transition of the economy to an innovative model of development in modern conditions has no alternatives, as activity in the innovation sphere is currently perhaps the most important factor in economic growth and ensuring the competitiveness of economic entities. Conclusions. Regulation of innovation development at the regional level requires the formation of an effective organizational structure of management, through which it is possible to analyze, coordinate and forecast innovation. The use of the mechanism of public-private partnership will ensure the overcoming of contradictions between public and private interests and will create a basis for attracting knowledge and experience of management. Key words: innovations, regional innovative development, innovative developments.

Domesticity and Consumer Culture in Iran: Interior Revolutions of the Modern Era

Domesticity and Consumer Culture in Iran: Interior Revolutions of the Modern Era

Modeling of the optimal composition of the enterprise technical development program

The object of this research is the program of technical development of the enterprise. This research is devoted to the problem of forming the optimal composition of a technical development program within the framework of its scope management on the basis of the concept of a value approach, according to which the project’s value is its compliance with the development goals. The principle of forming the composition of a technical development program is based on ensuring the maximization of the program’s value in terms of a given set of technical development goals.A method for assessing the value of technical development projects has been developed, based on the use of fuzzy sets, as a result of which two assessments of the project value are formed – the project's contribution to the achievement of each goal from a variety of goals and the degree of this contribution. Such approach allows one to take into account not only the fuzzy meaning of the results, but also to take into account in the processes of program formation the “uncertainty” degree of the overall result in terms of each goal.Description of a quantitative assessment of the synergy effect is formalized in terms of the theory of fuzzy sets that arises from the joint implementation of projects within the program, which allows a greater confidence degree to evaluate the result of the program.A model has been developed for the formation of the optimal composition of a technical development program taking into account the value of projects and the system effect (synergy) of their joint implementation within the program. The model provides for the ranking of goals, which is used when establishing minimum boundaries for the achievement degree of a particular goal, which corresponds to the actual process of selecting projects in practice.Using the proposed approach to assessing the contribution of projects to achieving goals, as well as a model for optimizing the composition of the program, it is possible to form a program from a proposed set of projects. At the same time, the achievement of goals is ensured to the maximum extent, taking into account the uncertainty of both the conditions for the implementation of projects and their results.The application of the proposed model can be extended to programs of various orientations.

STRUCTURE AND PORPOISES OF THE TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR SEAPORT CONTAINER TERMINALS

The main objective of the seaport container terminals technical development is established and the procedure for decomposition of this purpose is characterized. As the main purpose, the improving of competitiveness has been defined. The requirement of the balancing of the seaport container terminals technical development has been formulated. It is determined that the balance should be reflected in accordance with the demand structure (real and promising in the near future) of the terminal's production capabilities both in volume and structure. Balance should be achieved both within the component of the internal environment, related to the level of technical development, and between the internal and external environment. The goals of development are formulated in accordance with the requirement of balance. The system of objectives of the technical development programs is aligned with the structure of the program reflected a specific set of projects. This accordance is established at the level of the each project contribution to the achievement of the goals system. It is determined that the main types of the technical development projects products are the machinery (equipment) operated as part of the material and technical base; implemented technology (new, improved, innovative). The variants of technological dependence for the projects of the technical development program at the content level and at the level of the project product are analyzed. Three main possible variants of the program structure were identified in terms of the interrelation of projects: projects are not technologically interrelated; all projects are technologically interconnected; individual projects are interrelated. The presented results form the basis for formalizing the procedure of selecting projects to the technical development program, taking into account its established properties.

Management issues in Community Forests Management: a case from Bumthang, Bhutan

The concept of Community Forestry was introduced in Bhutan in 1992. Bhutan now has 688 Community Forests (CFs) covering little more than 2% of the country’s total geographical area. Despite some reports of management issues faced by CF members, new CFs are established every year. To identify issues and to propose solutions, focus group meetings with forestry officials, elected village leaders and Community Forests Management Groups of Bumthang were conducted in September 2015. The study revealed six main issues hindering effective management of CFs in Bumthang; (i) coordination; (ii) technical capacity of members; (iii) boundaries between CF and SRF; (iv) choice of State Reserve Forests area to become CF; (v) revision of management plan and (vi) legal implications of CF rules and of extraction of other resources from CF. We recommend that besides instituting technical capacity development programs for CF members, instituting annual coordination meetings involving all stakeholders may help in managing CFs.

Prospects for the development of coal-steam plants in Russia

Evaluation of the technical state of the modern coal-fired power plants and quality of coal consumed by Russian thermal power plants (TPP) is provided. Measures aimed at improving the economic and environmental performance of operating 150–800 MW coal power units are considered. Ways of efficient use of technical methods of NO x control and electrostatic precipitators’ upgrade for improving the efficiency of ash trapping are summarized. Examples of turbine and boiler equipment efficiency upgrading through its deep modernization are presented. The necessity of the development and introduction of new technologies in the coal-fired power industry is shown. Basic technical requirements for a 660–800 MW power unit with the steam conditions of 28 MPa, 600/600°C are listed. Design solutions taking into account features of Russian coal combustion are considered. A field of application of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers and their effectiveness are indicated. The results of development of a new generation coal-fired TPP, including a steam turbine with an increased efficiency of the compartments and disengaging clutch, an elevated steam conditions boiler, and a highly efficient NO x /SO2 and ash particles emission control system are provided. In this case, the resulting ash and slag are not to be sent to the ash dumps and are to be used to a maximum advantage. Technical solutions to improve the efficiency of coal gasification combined cycle plants (CCP) are considered. A trial plant based on a 16 MW gas turbine plant (GTP) and an air-blown gasifier is designed as a prototype of a high-power CCP. The necessity of a state-supported technical reequipment and development program of operating coal-fired power units, as well as putting into production of new generation coal-fired power plants, is noted.

Prevalence of asymptomatic submicroscopic malaria in eastern Indonesia: a cross sectional survey and spatial analysis

Abstract Background In 2013 in Indonesia, 4·8 million people were infected with malaria, and 23 483 malaria-related deaths were reported. Most infections were reported in eastern Indonesia, with two dominant species of malarial parasite: Plasmodium falciparum (62%) and P vivax (33%). Annual parasite incidence was 15·6 per 1000 population. In 2016, the Indonesian Ministry of Health announced that Indonesia would reach the WHO-defined pre-elimination stage for malaria by 2020, and be free of malaria transmission by 2030. Unfortunately, real data on incidence, surveillance, and mapping of malaria cases is scarce. This study will assess whether East Nusa Tenggara Province in eastern Indonesia should proceed with the malaria pre-elimination stage activities. Methods We did a survey of 555 people who were systematically selected from five districts in eastern Indonesia. We included healthy participants aged 14 years and older who had a blood haemoglobin concentration ≥100 g/L. We recorded baseline characteristics and risk factors for malaria infection via a standardised questionnaire, and blood samples were taken for analysis. All participants were examined by a local medical doctor. A malaria case was defined as the presence of Plasmodium spp in blood detected with nested PCR (nPCR) or microscopy. Data were collected by standard questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests (haemoglobin concentration measurements, microscopic analysis, and nPCR). We mapped nPCR-confirmed cases of malaria using ArcGIS 9.1 spatial and SaTScan analysis. We used univariate and bivariate statistical analysis for statistical analysis. Findings Between August, 2013, and September, 2014, we included 555 samples in our survey. 181 (32·6%) samples tested positive for malaria with n-PCR: only nine (1·6%) of these cases were detected by microscopy. P vivax was the most common Plasmodium spp detected (94 cases [51·9%]). Not using bednets was the most important risk factors for malaria in our population (OR 2·34, 95% CI 1·98–4·83); fever, which is the most commonly presented symptom, was noted in only five cases (0·9%). Results of spatial analysis showed three distinct and significant clusters: 13 cases (7·2%, p=0·0041), 54 cases (29·9%, p=0·0025), and 87 cases (48·1%, p=0·001). However, all malaria clusters were in areas of low malaria incidence. Interpretation A malaria pre-elimination programme in eastern Indonesia should be delayed. Routine treatment to stop silent transmission of malaria, and improved laboratory surveillance, are needed. Funding Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Project number 103-02 as part of the APMEN Country Partner Technical Development Program Round-X. Major funding for APMEN is provided by Australian Government Department of Foreign Affair and Trade, alongside funds received from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Characterization and non-clinical assessment of the proposed etanercept biosimilar GP2015 with originator etanercept (Enbrel®)

ABSTRACTBackground and objective: Biosimilars are approved biologics that are comparable to an originator product with respect to quality, safety and efficacy. Herein, the authors describe the functional and non-clinical studies designed to determine the biosimilarity of GP2015 and originator etanercept (Enbrel®).Methods: The development of an Enbrel biosimilar (GP2015) involved extensive characterization of the originator. A step-wise target-directed and iterative technical development program involving state-of-the-art functional characterization studies and non-clinical evaluations (pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety/toxicology) was applied with the aim of confirming that GP2015 is comparable to originator (Enbrel) at the non-clinical level.Results: In in vitro tests, GP2015 and Enbrel had comparable binding affinities to TNF-α, C1q complement and a complete panel of Fc-Receptors. Comprehensive functional characterization testing confirmed the comparability of GP2015 with Enbrel in terms of its ability to bind to and neutralize TNF-α, which reflects the primary mechanism of action of etanercept. Non-clinical data confirmed that the proposed biosimilar to Enbrel, GP2015, is comparable with regards to its pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic activity, and efficacy as well as safety/toxicity.Conclusion: The proposed Enbrel biosimilar, GP2015, was shown to be comparable to its originator product in studies designed to confirm biosimilarity.

Concept Selection of NPP Construction Delay Risk Assessment Methodology Using Systems Engineering Approach

Construction industry faces a lot of inherent uncertainties and issues and the construction phase of nuclear power project is not free from this risk. This paper investigates promising methodologies to be used on nuclear power plant (NPP) construction schedule delay risk assessment by using entry level systems engineering approach. This study contains how the initial concept for the risk assessment methodology has been developed. In this point of view, this work structured on three main phases: needs analysis (NA), concept exploration (CE), and concept definition (CD) through systems engineering (SE) approach. Traditionally, the SE process is applied to technical development programs but this study opens up a new avenue that SE can also be successfully applied to the development and optimization of the risk assessment model. This study provides a rational and systematic process for developing and selecting the best risk assessment model. This paper selects analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to assess NPP construction schedule delay risk for international project. As conclusion, the proposed concept and selected method can discriminate successfully and clearly among schedule delay risk assessment methods.

The European Neighborhood Policy and Israel: Achievements and Disappointments

Over a decade has passed since the EU launched its European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) and nine years since the Action Plan with Israel was adopted. Politicians on both sides talked about a deep economic integration, “a stake in the internal market”, “everything but institutions”, and an interconnection between Israel and the EU that could be as close as what the EU has with countries like Norway or Iceland in the European Economic Area. This article aims to examine to what extent the great hopes with which the ENP was greeted both in the EU and in Israel have materialized, in particular in the field of international trade and economic integration. The article compares the actual achievements with the original goals of the ENP Action Plan and finds more disappointments than achievements. Among the achievements, the article describes and analyzes the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance for industrial products concluded in 2012 and the bilateral aviation agreement (“Open Skies”), as well as Israel’s accession and successful participation in the EU scientific research and technical development programs (including the “Horizon 2020”). The list of what could and should have been done, however, is longer and more disappointing, and it includes issues such as trade facilitation through modernization of customs administration, revision of outdated protectionist rules of origin, and the EU’s failure to contribute to peace in the Middle East by refusing to recognize diagonal cumulation of origin between Israel and its neighbors. Likewise, the lack of any progress on important topics such as competition rules, public procurement, trade in financial and professional services, e-commerce and investment, to name a few, outweighs the few achievements that can be noted. The article then proceeds to discuss the possible reasons for these disappointing results.

An integrated national open apprenticeship scheme as a baseline strategy for technological development

The main thesis of this paper is that the National Open Apprenticeship Scheme of the Nigerian National Directorate of Employment should be integrated into the mainstream of the national educational and socio–technical development program as a baseline strategy for national technological development. By considering particular vocational occupational areas, the paper presents a structural and operational model of the proposed integrated scheme.

The special report on the scientific and technological achievements after obtained the project of the National Nine Five Key Technology Research and Development Programs in health field

The paper quantitatively evaluated output of scientific and technological Achievements of 110 National Nine Five Key Technology Research and Development Programs in health field,with predefined the comprehensive evaluation scale of output of Sci-technical achievements .The results showed that:the comprehensive output score of sci-technical achievements in two major fields of cardiopulmonary cerebrovascular disease and basic and clinical of cancer are 12.9 points and 7.99 points,whereas output score of remaining 8 fields are all subaverage.At same time,five achievements' comprehensive scores are all 0.The proposals are to operate output evaluation of output of sci-technical achievements,and publish relevant out-put information of approval projects,so as to establish and implement system of accountability. Key words: The National Key Technical Research and Development Programs; Approval Project; Sci-technical Achievements; Quantitative Evaluation

Strategic Global Advantage: The Career Academy/Technical College State Initiative

Georgia's legislators have approved a plan whereby public school districts in the state could convert to charter schools to tailor programs for local educational communities. The state has authorized funds for five secondary-level charter career academies that are to be positioned regionally and partnered with a postsecondary community or technical college on-site. This is a model of seamlessness that is predicated upon physical placement near one of the strategic industry clusters in the state. Yet, assignment of these academies is matched not only to geographical targets as designated in the governor's global industry and innovation initiative. Career academies also serve the function of early colleges in that they become a transitioning model between two very distinct educational institutions. This includes close articulation with technical college instructors, curriculums, and workforce and economic development programs—an arrangement that is much more likely to amplify and improve the pool of trained workers for cluster-based firms. Drawing technical colleges and career academies together for an agenda of educational reform signifies that a state is tooling-up both to accommodate new business growth and firm relocations, and also to equip young people with the skills and know-how needed in 21st century workplaces.

Engaging with carbon markets: the Libya case

Climate change and the emerging carbon-constrained economy of the 21st Century present new challenges and opportunities for countries of the Middle East and North Africa. This paper discusses the potential for Libya to participate in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the main flexibility mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. The paper considers the interaction of Libya's history and socio-cultural characteristics with global policy dynamics and economic forces. Libya's geography presents considerable potential in terms of CDM project opportunities, yet key developments would be required before these could be exploited. The nature of Libya's political system and social structures suggest that these developments are unlikely to occur while the Qadhafi regime endures, and therefore that Libya will not be able to engage successfully with the CDM and international mitigation activities in the short term. However, the CDM represents a means to implement capacity building and technical development programs, which will be integral components of reconstruction strategy in the aftermath of the dramatic events of early 2011.Keywords: Libyan energy policy; Clean Development Mechanism; political ecology; socio-economic reform; Kyoto Protocol.