Technical Condition Of Vehicles Research Articles

Activities of the militia in Ukraine to ensure road safety in the 1950s

In the 1950s, the daily functions of the militia continued to include combating violations of street traffic rules and controlling the decrease in motor vehicle accidents. The accident rate on the roads of the republic at that time remained high. An analysis of the current state of road safety shows that the level of accidents, injuries and deaths on the roads was influenced by such objective factors as the level of development of the regulatory framework, the technical condition of vehicles, the level of development of the road network, its quality, and weather and climatic conditions. Subjective factors included the level of legal culture of road users (drivers and pedestrians), the degree of their readiness to participate in traffic, the professional qualifications and material and technical equipment of the employees of the State Automobile Inspection. During this period, state bodies carried out significant, but ambiguous in quality, rule-making work, the purpose of which was to develop measures aimed at improving both objective and subjective conditions that affected the state of road safety and were of a mutually agreed nature. The established driver training mechanism was one of the important components of the effective operation of the road safety system. Therefore, the activities of state bodies, in particular the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR, were aimed at forming not only stable skills in driving vehicles among the drivers, but also behavioral stereotypes that require compliance with legal norms in the field of road safety. At the same time, it was necessary to develop and legally establish criteria for assessing the quality of their training in the relevant institutions. Militia bodies carried out quite active work to improve the situation with road accidents, which included measures of administrative influence, involvement of the public in monitoring violations of traffic rules, various propaganda activities, but its effectiveness was ultimately insignificant.

Improving the system of protection of the rights of buyers of vehicles

The subject of the study is the existing system of protection of the rights of buyers of vehicles, which includes the prevention of offenses involving liability for misleading consumers about consumer properties or quality of goods (Article 14.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation) and for causing property damage by deception or abuse of trust (Article 7.27.1. of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation), the commission of which involves, including for example, with the correction or reduction of the recorded mileage of the car. The connection of these actions with the technical condition of vehicles and road safety is considered, since any unauthorized actions with the technical condition of the vehicle are associated with a decrease in the level of safety of road users. The prevalence of this phenomenon requires an adequate response from the state's law enforcement system and the establishment of legislative barriers for this activity. The research methodology is based on general scientific (logical, systematic, analysis, generalization) and private scientific (comparative, formal legal) methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach to studying the existing procedure for protecting the rights of buyers of vehicles at risk of being misled about the quality of the goods. The article substantiates the need to create a legal mechanism at the state level and on its basis an open mileage accounting system for used cars for citizens, which allows them to track their history from the moment they go on sale. It is proposed to give a legal assessment of the actions and establish liability for persons who, through the provision of services for correcting car mileage data, contribute to deceiving consumers, causing property damage to buyers, and are in direct connection with the decisions of vehicle owners on their maintenance and repair, which affects road safety.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING DRIVING IN THE DARK TIME OF DAY

An analysis of factors affecting road traffic safety from the point of view of driving a car in the dark was carried out, in particular, the technical condition of the car, tinting of the windows, lighting of the streets (roads), speed of movement, driver fatigue. It has been established that a significant number of factors require significantly greater concentration and esponsibility from drivers. Driving a car in the dark requires special knowledge, skills and attention. The technical condition of vehicles becomes a number of priority problems. Vehicle malfunctions that are not detected in time or not eliminated increase the likelihood of a Road Traffic Accident. The cause of a Road Traffic Accident, especially in the dark period of the day, may be insufficient visibility of the road situation by the driver, which is caused by the violation of the requirements for tinting the glass in the car. The driver will not be able to fully assess everything that happens on the road at night both in conditions of insufficient visibility and in the presence of bad weather conditions. At the same time, proper street lighting can help reduce the risk of road traffic accidents by improving pedestrian visibility, reducing the likelihood of accidents and providing safer road conditions for both drivers and pedestrians. Speeding and incorrect selection of the speed regime in specific traffic conditions is one of the main factors affecting both the number and severity of Road Traffic Accidents. Another reason for the occurrence of a Road Transport Accident may be the driver’s fatigue, which reduces his concentration and ability to drive safely.

Алгоритмизация процесса регистрации транспортных средств в системе МЧС России

Introduction. The process of implementation of registration actions by officials of the military automobile inspection of EMERCOM of Russia is investigated. The analysis of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the issues of state registration of vehicles is carried out. The structure of the divisions of EMERCOM of Russia performing registration actions is considered. The existing problems of implementation of registration actions by officials are revealed. The conditions of refusal to perform registration actions are investigated. The process of implementing registration actions in the form of data streams is described. The algorithm of actions of vehicle owners and officials in the implementation of registration actions has been developed. Criteria for refusals to perform registration actions are proposed. Proposals have been formulated to finalize the forms of documents used in the implementation of registration actions. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for streamlining the process of registration actions in relation to vehicles of EMERCOM of Russia. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the requirements of the current regulatory legal acts regulating the issues of state registration of vehicles by units of the military automobile inspection, the fleet of vehicles subject to state registration by the military automobile inspection bodies of EMERCOM of Russia, grounds for refusal to perform registration actions was carried out. The algorithm of officials in the implementation of registration actions, proposals for improving the applicable documents has been developed. Methods. Methods of system analysis, mathematical statistics, and data systematization were used to achieve the goals and solve the research tasks. Results and its discussion. The algorithm of actions of officials of the military automobile inspection of EMERCOM of Russia developed when performing registration actions, as well as proposals for finalizing documentary forms, make it possible to automate the process of carrying out registration actions by officials of the military automobile inspection in general. The results obtained can be used to automate decision-making support during the organization of technical support, by ensuring access of management officials to up-to-date information on the availability and technical condition of vehicles. Conclusion. The proposals developed in the course of the study can be recommended for implementation in the practical activities of the military automotive inspection units of EMERCOM of Russia. The results obtained in the course of the work are recommended to be used in the improvement of information and analytical systems used in the system of EMERCOM of Russia when performing registration actions. Keywords: registration actions; military automobile inspection; vehicles; road safety; accounting information system.

Preventing Fuel Station Accidents: The Importance of Community Involvement

From 2016-2018 there were 120 fuel station accidents in Indonesia. Fuel station accidents may harm not only workers but also the public. Major accidents in fuel stations have caused multiple fatalities and injuries. Various research regarding fuel stations has been done, but research on the role of the community in preventing fuel station accidents is limited. Therefore, studying the cause and effect of fuel station accidents is essential. The study aims to collect accident information and determine the impact, cause, and possible prevention programs for fuel station accidents. Study methods use data collection and classification, followed by qualitative analysis. Data were collected from the top 10 national news portals and tabulated in a structured manner. Twenty-nine fuel station accidents were identified and evaluated. These data were then categorized and analyzed to obtain the dominant effects of accidents. Accident causes were also investigated to provide an understanding and propose accident prevention programs adopted from previous research in various fields. It is concluded that fuel station accidents in Indonesia are dominated by vehicle fires, which involve consumer vehicles. The causes of accidents vary, but most of them were concerning the technical condition of vehicles, and a few were unsafe operations. To prevent future accidents, it is essential to ensure compliance with regulations and standards of facilities and equipment. Furthermore, community involvement is also crucial. Therefore, more efforts are needed to increase public awareness of fuel station hazards and how the community can be involved in preventing future accidents.

О металловедческом исследовании при производстве автотехнической экспертизы

Quite often, traffic accidents occur due to a sudden failure of the steering, undercarriage or brake system of a car associated with the technical condition of vehicles. In this case, various parts of vehicles (steering, springs, wheels, couplers and braking system, etc.) are destroyed. However, destruction of these parts can also occur as a result of traffic accidents, for example, in a collision or rollover. Therefore, in cases of road accidents, an auto-technical examination is appointed. It is important for making an informed and objective decision on the case to clarify the reasons for the destruction of parts that affect the safety of the vehicle, and the establishment of the time for the occurrence of these malfunctions. Conducting a metallographic expertise, which in most cases is auxiliary, can significantly help the investigation and the court, when solving these issues. Its conclusions are supplemented and specified by the conclusions of another examination, for example, auto-technical. The paper outlines the scheme and stages of research of products made of metals and alloys performed by experts in the production of automotive expertise to establish a causal relationship between the technical condition of the vehicle and the mechanism of traffic accidents.

Special measures for the prevention of criminal offenses in the realm of road transport sector

Objective:The purpose of the article was to identify and explore the principal specific crime prevention efforts with a view to controlling criminal offenses in the realm of road transport sector.Methodology: The overriding methodological tools were methods of observation and comparative legal analysis.Resultsandconclusions:The study demonstrated that in order to effectively prevent criminal offenses pertaining to road transport sector, as well as to reduce crime and enhance security, it is expedient to pay attention to the implementation of special crime prevention strategies. Priority areas to be addressed should be efforts to monitor compliance with traffic safety rules, road condition, and technical condition of vehicles. Relevant work should also be carried out to improve the level of "passive safety", as well as to conduct preventive activities for pedestrians, and educational work with professional drivers. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention efforts carried out by investigating agencies, courts and penitentiary bodies.

Стан і втілення іноваційних технологій в технічну експлуатацію транспортних засобів

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of road transport and the implementation of information technology in the technical operation of vehicles. The analysis of the current state of road transport showed that the diversification of road transport enterprises, their unbundling, business development have led to the polarization of car fleets and the concentration of a significant number of cars in small in size and number of enterprises. The main systemic problems of road transport at the present stage are considered, which showed that the existing system of maintenance and repair of cars in the maintenance of cars no longer meets modern requirements for maintaining the efficiency of vehicles. It is substantiated that the availability of modern technologies allows to move to the adaptive system of maintenance and repair of cars, the key point of which is the development of information and communication system and database of models that provide remote monitoring of the necessary current information from the vehicle. The results of the experimental study of technical and economic indicators of a passenger vehicle with the help of the developed information and software complex "IdenMonDiaOperCon "HNADU-16"", which works in the conditions of intelligent transport systems, are presented. Evaluation of the results of determining the technical and economic performance and parameters of the technical condition of the vehicle in operating conditions was carried out on the average speed of its movement and fuel consumption. Estimation of operating conditions was carried out on the value of the relative coefficient of change of speed in accordance with the provisions of the theory of operation of cars.The bulk of cars in Ukraine are concentrated in small enterprises in size and number, resulting in deteriorating technical condition of vehicles. The existing system of technical condition control in such enterprises no longer meets the modern requirements for maintaining the efficiency of vehicles. This can be solved by implementing in the TEA the principles of "adaptive" management system of the technical condition of the car, the basis of which is the creation of information systems of organizational and functional control and support of technical maintenance of vehicles.The obtained results of monitoring the parameters of the technical condition of the vehicle in operation, allow to obtain the values of average speeds for the experimental site, taking into account geozones, fuel consumption and relative coefficient of change of speed, which is the main guide in determining vehicle operating conditions.

Securing loads on road vehicles, national regulations and test method in accordance with PN-EN 12642

The objective of this work is to develop a method of safe vehicle testing for compliance with the PN-EN 12642 standard. Vehicle tests can be carried out in a static and dynamic form. Dynamic tests better reflect the forces exerted by loads on the walls of the cargo space of vehicles. Heavy goods vehicles with certified walls of the cargo space ensure the safe transport of cargo in road traffic. Improper load securing is the cause of approximately 25% of truck accidents. Reducing the number of road accidents is the responsibility of each EU Member State. In Poland, the requirements for securing loads and appropriate vehicle construction have been introduced in the national regulations regarding the technical conditions of vehicles and their necessary equipment. The article presents the current legal status regarding cargo securing, as well as the designed and implemented solution and the method of safe conducting dynamic tests of vehicles in accordance with the PN-EN 12642 standard

Effects of Euro-Atlantic Integration in the Field of Traffic Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

In this paper, we deal with the concept of transport policy, then follow the goal and development of the transport policy of the European Union. We present chronologically the measures adopted by the European Parliament in the field of transport policy (collection of taxes for the use of road infrastructure, passenger rights, road safety, the technical condition of vehicles, intelligent transport systems, road infrastructure safety, statistics, and prevention of accidents caused by alcohol and cross-border sanctioning in the field of road safety). Also, the paper analyzes the state of transport from the aspect of security in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as how Bosnia and Herzegovina as a European country and on its path to Euro-Atlantic integration is gradually taking on obligations from the EU transport policy with the aim of progress and development.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ROAD CONDITIONS ON ACCIDENTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF THE MULTIFACTOR MODEL

Introduction. The process of an accident is complex because it depends on a large number of factors, the rela-tionship of which is sometimes not obvious enough. The process of a traffic accident is influenced by such conditions as: permanent (for example road conditions) and accidental (weather conditions, technical condition of the vehicle, psycho-physiological condition of the driver). In other words, road conditions are changing over a certain period: the level of road surface and road grip is deteriorating, roads are being reconstructed. However, the time during which these changes occur is incomparably greater than the time of changes in weather conditions, the technical condition of vehicles, the psycho-physiological condition of the driver. Therefore, if we are talking about a specific road accident or a group of road accidents committed in a relatively short time, then such a question is justified.Purpose. The work aimed to study the method of accident coefficients with the introduction of additional cost coefficients in this method, which allows establishing those sections of roads on which measures should be taken to improve conditions or reconstruction of individual road sections in the first place.Methods. During the research, a multifactor model of the influence of road conditions on the accident rate of road sections was used.
 Results. The paper found that the parameter αі is an indicator of the level of influence of the i-th factor (private accident rate) on the final characteristic of the accident. Calculations for many variants of road sections of different cate-gories show that the range of change of parameter αi is quite wide and depends on the combination of road conditions. Numerical values can both increase the weight share of the i-th factor in the final accident, and reduce it.Conclusion. It is proposed to adopt the method of accident coefficients as the basis of the statistical model of mutual influence of road conditions. Express a multifactor model of the influence of road conditions on the accident rate of road sections by a multiplicative functional dependence and obtain the parameters of the statistical relationship between the factors (αі та А0). Interpret the parameter А0 as part of the final accident rate, independent of road conditions, or not taken into account by private accident rates. And the parameter αі - as the degree of influence of the i-th factor on the final accident rate.

Evolution of methods of state management of technical condition of vehicles in Russia

As you know, the new Rules for the technical inspection of vehicles have recently been approved. They should enter into force on March 1, 2021, but due to the pandemic, the dates for the start of the reform in the field of vehicle inspection were postponed. In this regard, it will probably be interesting for our readers to get acquainted with the history of state policy in the field of road safety. Keywords road traffic accident, state policy; road safety; vehicle; technical inspection rules; examination committee; State traffic inspectorate; technical diagnostics of the vehicle

Occupational risk assessment of passenger bus drivers

The aim of this work is improving the procedure for professional risk assessment of passenger bus drivers, taking into account ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors.
 To develop the methodology for assessing the professional risk of drivers the theory of analysis was used, which allows to establish alternative solutions of the problem by determining an integrated criterion that depends on a number of individual indicators characterized by ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors influencing the working conditions of the passenger bus driver.
 A checklist has been developed to quickly assess the occupational risk of passenger bus drivers, which takes into account the impact of several harmful production factors that contribute to the creation of unfavorable conditions for the occurrence of occupational diseases. A feature of this approach is the ability to distinguish the level of risk for each harmful production factor and determine the overall level of occupational risk. It is recommended to reduce the effect of occupational risk on the driver of a passenger bus to improve the system of medical examinations, the system of admission to the vehicles driving in the implementation of passenger traffic and strengthen control over the technical condition of vehicles.
 The relationship between the integrated criterion of occupational risk of the driver and indicators that are characterized by ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors, which are formed by the working conditions of the driver in the carriage of passengers.
 As a result, a new approach (checklist) is proposed, which can be used in trucking companies without any additional equipment after training in testing.

Повышение безопасности внутризаводского и служебного автомобильного и электротранспорта путем внедрения современных цифровых устройств

Introduction. Industrial injuries are one of the most pressing problems in the field of occupational safety at enterprises of the main industries in the Russian Federation. Most cases of such injuries are noted when moving goods and people by means of various types of interfactory transport. A set of regulatory documents developed in recent years by the Government of the country is dedicated to solving this problem. In accordance with the current trends in the development of new technical solutions, the use of a complex of devices based on IT-technologies is effective. This article is devoted to improving the safety of interfactory and company motor and electric vehicles by introducing modern digital devices. Problem Statement. Almost all large industrial enterprises have a need to move goods and personnel both to the place of production activities and within the enterprises. Motor and electric vehicles used for these purposes do not always undergo a maintenance check, they often undergo technical inspection and repairs with whatever funds remains, and always the personnel operating these vehicles do not have permission to drive. Possible accidents with interfactory and company vehicles occurring as a result of insufficient control over the technical condition of vehicles and inadequate or absent medical and administrative checks of the operating personnel can lead to injuries at the enterprise. Theoretical Part. This article proposes methods for reducing traffic accidents of interfactory and company motor and electric vehicles of industrial enterprises and warehouse enterprises through the introduction of remote monitoring of operation based on IT-technologies, operating with the use of mobile applications that use Internet of Things technologies. The options for introducing security elements designed to reduce the number of transport accidents in internal transport of industrial enterprises and warehouse complexes are considered. An experiment was carried out to introduce system components to vehicles of an industrial enterprise. Conclusion. The use of the proposed monitoring and control system for motor and electric vehicles at machine-building enterprises and warehouse complexes will make it possible to quickly resolve issues related to labor protection, the economy of the enterprise and compliance with the labor discipline. In particular, it is planned to reduce vehicle failures due to mechanical failures, as well as to make timely decisions on the removal from driving the drivers who are not feeling well.

The specifics of monitoring the technical condition of vehicles with special equipment

The specifics of monitoring the technical condition of vehicles with special equipment

INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC COLLISIONS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLES BREAKDOWNS

Issues related to the investigation of traffic collisions in criminal proceedings and establishment of cause and effect relationship between vehicles breakdowns are considered. The purposes and tasks of the vehicle inspection by an investigator are defined. The procedure for the appointment of a technical condition examination in criminal proceedings during the investigation of a traffic collision is indicated. The issues that are resolved while road-accident analysis of vehicles technical condition are examined. The possible conclusions of the forensic examination after establishing the vehicle technical condition at the time of the accident are drawn and evaluation of these findings is given. Investigations and trials on criminal cases related to traffic collisions, as well as investigating authorities and court decisions on the issues of violations by drivers of the requirements of Traffic Rules, Technical Operation Rules, require the mandatory establishment of the systems technical condition that affect the safety of vehicles.
 Currently, police officers and investigators do not have a clear, scientifically substantiated methodology for checking the technical condition of vehicle systems, and the protocol form for examining and checking the technical condition of vehicles is imperfect. Many years of forensic examinations experience in forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and continuous work with these documents indicate that there was almost no case when an inspection report was filled in correctly and contained reasonable and comprehensive information on the technical condition of the vehicle involved in a traffic accident. In connection with the above, the consideration of the traffic accident investigation that arose as a result of a vehicle breakdown is becoming increasingly relevant. In addition, it is advisable to highlight the scientific and technological progress that entails the development of new methods for forensic experts who are involved in criminal proceedings during investigation of traffic collisions. The initiation of criminal proceedings on the fact of a traffic collision and the establishment of cause and effect relationships between vehicle breakdowns has a number of peculiarities inherent only to this corpus delicti, but application of special knowledge in the field of automotive equipment, namely, interaction of investigative actions with forensic experts allows the investigation to establish a cause and effect relationship between identified vehicle breakdowns and the occurrence of a traffic collision, and most importantly to identify that a person driving a vehicle violated Vehicle Operation Rules in the event of a traffic collision.

Description Of Vehicle Operating Conditions And Their Impact On The Technical Condition Of Vehicles

The article provides examples of changes in the technical operation of vehicles, their application and use, as well as the impact on the technical condition of vehicles.

Influence of engine and exhaust system condition on NOx emissions of petrol-powered personal cars

The article is focused on the measurement of emissions in real traffic, where the concrete examples shows the impact of technical condition of vehicles on NOx, namely NO emissions production. The choice of vehicles was limited to vehicles with spark ignition engines. One vehicle had unsuitable condition of the engine. The other vehicle had insufficient efficiency of exhaust gas treatment components. The measurement results of both vehicles were compared with the reference vehicle, which was demonstrably in good condition. The condition of the vehicles was assessed on the basis of diagnostic trouble codes stored in the engine control unit and analysis of the engine oil sample by mass spectrometry or information from the vehicle owner. Emissions were measured using a mobile measuring device, where NO is determined by the electrochemical method. The experiment showed that the defective vehicles showed by one or two orders of magnitude higher emission factors. A vehicle with demonstrable defects in sphere of the preparation of fuel mixture and cylinders filling, produced approximately 18 - 167 times more nitric oxide in each type of operation than the selected car in good technical condition. A vehicle with a presumably inoperative catalytic converter emitted nitric oxide approximately 55 - 134 times more.

Improvement of a bridge connection node with embankment by applying curved approach slabs

The article is devoted to improving the bridge connection node with embankment by application of curved approach slabs. The most important request by arranging of bridge connection with embankment is to ensure soft entry of transport from the approach embankment to the bridge for the entire period of operation. However, overtime on the road sections of bridge connection with embankment appear soil collapsing, cracks and birdbaths in the carpet. This problem is partially solved by the installation of reinforced-concrete approach slabs buried in the connection zone between the abutment and the approach embankment. Despite the use of straight approach slabs in the bridge-connection node with embankment, the formation of bumps of grade profile is observed, they reduce road safety, worsen the technical condition of vehicles, cause discomfort to the driver and passengers. From the structural and technological point of view, request by arranging of bridge connection by curved approach slabs higher functional quality can be achieved. Due to the soft passage of bridge connection node, it is possible to reduce the negative shock-dynamic effects, which will increase the durability of the connection node and approach road pavement. The article presents several possible to use bridge connection node structures through the use of curved approach slabs: concave, convex and S-shaped. A comparative analysis of bridge-connection structural versions will reveal the most effective construct that can ensure soft passage of the bridge connection node with approach embankment.

Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 25 kwietnia 2018 r. (II GSK 2337/16)

<p>The subject of this gloss is the judgement of the Supreme Administrative Court in case of imposing an administrative monetary penalty for movement of non-normative vehicle on public road in which the judgement of Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw was set aside and return the case for re-examination. In this judgement, the formation of the court, in a way going against the previous line of jurisprudence, stated that decoding the meaning of “axle load provided for a given road” may result from the application of a functional interpretation driectives, and thus, the basis for its determination may also be the regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of 31 December 2002 on the Technical Conditions of Vehicles and the Scope of Their Necessary Equipment. The content of the sentence itself and the reasons for the judgement do not allow for its approval, therefore the gloss has a critical character.</p>